简介::Twonovelpoly[(3-alkyhhiophene-2,5-diyl)-(benzylidenequinomethane-2,5-diyl)s]derivatives,poly[(3-butylthiophene-2,5-diyl)-(p-N,N-dimethylamino)benzylidenequinomethane-2,5-diyl)](PBTDMABQ)andpoly[-(3-octylthiophene2,5-diyl)-(p-N,N-dimethylamino)benzylidenequinomethane-2,5-diyl)](POTDMABQ),weresynthesized.Thebandgapsofthetwopolymersarecalculatedas1.75eVforPBTDMABQand1.69eVforPOTDMABQ,respectively.Thehomogenousfilmsofthetwopolymerswerepreparedandtheirthird-ordernonlinearopticalpropertieswerestudiedbythebackwarddegeneratefour-wavemixingat532nm.Byusingtherelativemeasurementtechnique,thethird-ordernonlinearopticalsusceptibilitiesofPBTDMABQandPOTDMABQarecalculatedas5.62×10^-9and1.22×10^-8ESU,respectively.Itisfoundthatsubstitutedalkygroupshavestrongeffectsonthebandgapandnonlinearopticalpropertiesofthetwopolymers.Therelativelybigthird-ordernonlinearopticalsusceptibilitiesandsmallbandgapofPOTDMABQresultedmainlyfromthelongeralkylwithstrongelectron-donatingabilitycanenhancethedelocationdegreeofconjugatedπelectronics.
简介:Areviewontheprogressofpowerful2μmsilicafibersourcesinpastdecadesispresented.Wereviewthestate-of-the-artrecordsandrepresentativeachievementsof2μmhigh-average-powercontinuouswave,pulsedfiberlasersandamplifiers,andpowerfulsuperfluorescentsources.Challengeswhichlimitthefurtherpowerscalingof2μmsilicafibersourcesarediscussed,includingpumpingbrightnesslimitation,thermalproblem,andnonlineareffects.Potentialandpromisingroadmapstogobeyondtheselimitations,liketandempumpingandbeamcombining,arediscussed.Prospectsofpowerful2μmsilicafibersourcesarealsopresentedintheendofpaper.
简介:Globalpositioningsystem(GPS)forvehicleapplicationsintheurbanareaischallengedbylowsignalintensity.ThecarrierloopbasedonfastFouriertransform(FFT)canobtainahighsignaltonoiseratio(SNR)gainbyincreasingtheobservationtime.However,thisleadstoamajorproblemthattheaccelerationcannotbeignored.TheperformanceoftheFFT-basedloopwilldeclinewiththeaccelerationincreasing.ThispaperdiscussestheeffectofthedynamiconFFTfirst.ThenahighperformancecarriertrackingloopforweakGPSL5signalsisproposed.Itcombinesdiscretechirp-Fouriertransform(DCFT)andthephasefittingmethodtoestimateDopplerfrequencyandDopplerratesimultaneously.First,asequenceofintegrationresultsisusedtoperformDCFTtoestimatecoarseDopplerfrequencyandDopplerrate.Second,thephaseofthesequenceiscalculatedandusedtoperformlinearfitting.Bythephasefittingmethod,thefineDopplerfrequencyandDopplerratecanbeestimated.ThecomputationcostissmallbecausetheintegrationresultsareusedandthephasefittingmethodneedsonlycoarseestimatesofDopplerfrequencyandDopplerrate.ComparedwithFFTandDCFT,theprecisionofthephasefittingmethodisnotlimitedbytheresolution.Thustheproposedloopcangethighprecisionandlowcarriertonoiseratio(C/N0)trackingthreshold.Simulationresultsshowthisloophasagreatimprovementthanconventionalloopsforurbanweak-signalapplications.
简介:TheopticalabsorbanceinnearUVwavelengthregioninSnO2nanoclustersinanexternalelectricfieldisdeterminedatroomtemperature.Theabsorbancespectraasapplicedfieldandtheabsorbancevariationswiththeappliedfieldareobtained.Therelationbetweenabsorbancechangeandappliedfieldisnon-linear.andissaturatedathighfieldregion.