简介：Weusenondegeneratefour-wavemixingtostudythespatialresolutionofphotorefractivesemi-insulatingmulatiplequantumwellsgrownbymolecularbeamepitaxy.Byoptimizingtheexperimentalconditions,wehavedemonstratedthatoursamplehasspatialresolutionupto2.5μm,whichapproachesthetheoreticallimit.Wealsoanalysethefactorsthataffectthespatialresolutionofmultiplequantumwells.

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简介：Metal-semiconductor-metalphotodetectorsonsemi-insulatingGaAswithinterdigitalelectrodesshowedsignificantenhancementinthespectralresponseinthenear-infraredregionastheelectrodespacingisreduced.Thephotocurrentforthedevicewith5μminterdigitalspacingisfiveordersofmagnitudehigherthanthedarkcurrent,andtheroomtemperaturedetectivityisontheorderof2.4×1012cmHz1∕2W-1at5Vbias.Furthermore,thespectralresponseofthisdevicepossessesstrongdependenceonthepolarizationofincidentlightshowingpotentialplasmoniceffectswithonlymicroscaledimensions.Theseexperimentaldatawereanalyzedusingopticalsimulationtoconfirmtheresponseofthedevices.

简介：模仿半固体金属形成要求建模半固体行为。然而，因为半固体行为是thixotropic并且取决于液体固体，如此的建模是困难的在材料以内的空间分发。以便更好理解并且当模特儿在微观结构和行为之间的关系，一个模型基于micromechanical，途径和homogenisation技术被介绍。这个模型是在一个纯viscoplastic框架建立说明弹性的一个以前的模型的扩展。确实，当半固体在快速的压缩下面被装载时，试验性的负担排水量信号在变丑的更早的阶段揭示有弹性类型的回答的存在。行为的这个有弹性的特征被归因于多孔的稳固的骨骼的反应由不可压缩的液体浸透了。好量的同意在elastic-viscoplastic之间被发现的A预言了反应和试验性的数据。更精确，在负担的负担排水量曲线，山峰负担和随后的秋天的强壮的起始的升起部分很好被捕获。机械反应上的稳固的部分的效果在对实验的质的同意。

简介：六高并且从dominantsemi矮子异种(Y98149)导出的矮子near-isogenic线被选择学习高度表示和敏感到gibberellicacid(GA_3)。长度第4-5内部节点，第三，第二，1st内部分别地，从顶的节点和在isogenic附近的六个矮子的圆锥花序长度是在六高的97.2%那些，53.3%，65.1%，61.9%和94.7%显示主导的相形见绌半的基因显著地禁止了内部节点延伸。而且，Y98149(变异的类型)比Y98148(野生型)对GA_3更敏感，并且在植物有更低的GA_3集中，大约78%Y98148。

简介：Adesignofsemi-submersibleplatformismainlybasedontheextremeresponseanalysisduetotheforcesexperiencedbythecomponentsduringlifetime.Theexternalloadscaninducetheextremeairgapresponseandpotentialdeckimpacttothesemi-submersibleplatform.Itisimportanttopredictairgapresponseofplatformsaccuratelyinordertocheckthestrengthoflocalstructureswhichwithstandthewaveslammingduetonegativeairgap.Thewindloadcannotbesimulatedeasilybymodeltestintowingtankwhereasitcanbesimulatedaccuratelyinwindtunneltest.Furthermore,fullscalesimulationofthemooringsysteminmodeltestisstillatuffworkespeciallythestiffnessofthemooringsystem.Owingtotheabovementionedproblem,themodeltestresultsarenotaccurateenoughforairgapevaluation.Theaimofthispaperistopresentsensitivityanalysisresultsofairgapmotionwithrespecttothemooringsystemandwindloadforthedesignofsemi-submersibleplatform.Thoughthemodeltestresultsarenotsuitableforthedirectevaluationofairgap,theycanbeusedasagoodbasisfortuningtheradiationdampingandviscousdraginnumericalsimulation.Inthepresenteddesignexample,anumericalmodelistunedandvalidatedbyANSYSAQWAbasedonthemodeltestresultswithasimple4linesymmetricalhorizontalsoftmooringsystem.Accordingtothetunednumericalmodel,sensitivityanalysisstudiesofairgapmotionwithrespecttothemooringsystemandwindloadareperformedintimedomain.Threemooringsystemsandfivesimulationcasesaboutthepresentedplatformaresimulatedbasedontheresultsofwindtunneltestsandsea-keepingtests.Thesensitivityanalysisresultsarevaluableforthefloatingplatformdesign.

简介：TosolvetheproblemsoftheAMR-WB+(ExtendedAdaptiveMulti-Rate-WideBand)semi-open-loopcodingmodeselectionalgorithm,featuresforACELP(AlgebraicCodeExcitedLinearPrediction)andTCX(TransformCodedeXcitation)classificationareinvestigated.11classifyingfeaturesintheAMR-WB+codecareselectedand2novelclassifyingfeatures,i.e.,EFM(EnergyFlatnessMeasurement)andstdEFM(standarddeviationofEFM),areproposed.Consequently,anovelsemi-open-loopmodeselectionalgorithmbasedonEFMandselectedAMR-WB+featuresisproposed.TheresultsofclassifyingtestandlisteningtestshowthattheperformanceofthenovelalgorithmismuchbetterthanthatoftheAMR-WB+semi-open-loopcodingmodeselectionalgorithm.

简介：Theannualseriesofδ13CweremeasuredintreeringsofthreeCryptomeriafortuneidisks(CF-1,CF-2,andCF-3)collectedfromWestTianmuMountain,ZhejiangProvince,China,accordingtocross-datingtreeringages.Therewasnoobviousdecreasingtrendoftheδ13CannualtimeseriesofCF-2before1835.However,from1835to1982thethreetreeringδ13Cannualseriesexhibitedsimilardecreasingtrendsthatweresignificantly(P≤0.001)correlated.Thedistributioncharacteristicsofascatterdiagrambetweenestimatedδ13CseriesofCF-2frommodelingandtheatmosphericCO2concentrationextractedfromtheLawDomeicecorefrom1840to1978wereanalyzedandacurvilinearregressionequationforreconstructingatmosphericCO2concentrationwasestablishedwithR2=0.98.Also,atestofindependentsamplesindicatedthatbetween1685and1839thereconstructedatmosphericCO2concentrationusingtheδ13CseriesofCF-2hadacloserelationshipwiththeLawDomeandSipleicecores,withastandarddeviationof1.98.ThegeneralincreasingtrendofthereconstructedatmosphericCO2concentrationcloselyreflectedthelong-termvariationofatmosphericCO2concentrationrecordedbothbeforeandaftertheIndustrialRevolution.Between1685and1840theevaluatedatmosphericCO2concentrationwasstable,butafter1840itexhibitedarapidincrease.Givenalongerδ13Cannualtimeseriesoftreerings,itwasfeasibletorebuildarepresentativetimeseriestodescribetheatmosphericCO2concentrationforanearlierperiodandforyearsthatwerenotintheicecorerecord.

简介：AbstractObjective:In 2015, the Chinese Pancreatic Association of the Chinese Society of Surgery of the Chinese Medical Association launched a national multicenter online system for registration of surgical treatment of pancreatic cancer in China, called China Pancreas Data Center (CPDC). With continued effort, the CPDC has developed over time. Herein, we report the general results of the CPDC from January 2016 to January 2020 to present the real-world situation of surgical treatment of pancreatic cancer in China.Methods:The data of the CPDC from January 2016 to January 2020 were retrieved and analyzed in this real-world study, including the data on patient demographics, comorbidities, diagnostic modalities, neoadjuvant treatment, surgical procedures, postoperative complications and treatment, pathological examinations, postoperative adjuvant treatment, survival, and risk factors.Results:A total of 13,595 cases from 70 centers in 28 provinces were retrieved for analysis. This study reported the largest cohort of patients who underwent surgical treatment for pancreatic cancer in China to date. More cases were derived from the Eastern regions, among which Shanghai, Beijing, and Zhejiang ranked in the top three. The peak age of the patients ranged from 60 to 69 years. The ratio of males to females was 1.5:1. Overall, 64.3% of the tumors were located in the head and neck of the pancreas, and 35.7% in the body and tail of the pancreas. Of the patients, 23.0% underwent positron-emission tomography-computed tomography, 21.6% underwent endoscopic ultrasound, and 4.8% underwent preoperative biopsy. Two percent of the patients underwent neoadjuvant treatment, while 68.9% underwent R0 surgical resection (margin free of tumor cells). Of the latter, 78.6% of the operations were open procedures, 12.6% were laparoscopic procedures, 2.9% were robotic procedures, and 3.7% were converted to open procedures. The in-hospital mortality rate after surgery was 0.4%. The incidence of grade 2 and grade 3 postoperative pancreatic fistulas was 25.5% and 2.5%, respectively. The incidence of complications based on the Clavien-Dindo classification was 17.9% of grade II, 4.3% of grade IIIa, 1% of grade IIIb, and 0.6% of grade IV. Of the patients, 28.9% underwent postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy. The 1-year, 2-year, and 3-year overall survival of these patients were 77%, 51%, and 38%, respectively. In the 8542 patients who underwent R0 resection, the 1-year, 2-year, and 3-year overall survival and disease-free survival were 77% , 54%, and 43%, and 68%, 49%, and 41%, respectively. The factors related to the prognosis of these patients were also identified after uni-and multi-variate analyses.Conclusion:The surgical quality, safety, and long-term survival of the patients in CPDC are similar to those of international high-volume pancreatic centers. However, neoadjuvant and postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy should be improved.

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简介：The2ndAnnualSessionofEnergyandInformationCommittee,CSEE,chairedbyMr.SunJiapingwasheldinBeijingonDec.17-20,1991.ViceMinisterShiDazhen,ChiefEngineerMr.LuYanchangoftheMinistryofEnergy,GeneralSecretaryMr.DuXingyouofCSEEandsomeotherleadingstaffattendedthemeeting.ViceMinisterShiDazhenexpressedsincerehopeinhisaddresstothesessionthatscien-tificandtechnicalstaffinenergyfieldshouldlaunchmacropolicystudymorewidelyanddeeplyundertheguidelineofso-

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简介：WeproposeapromisingschemetodecelerateaCWmolecularbeambyusingared-detunedquasi-cwsemi-Gaussianlaserbeam(SGB).WestudythedynamicalprocessofthedecelerationforaCWdeuteratedammonia(ND3)molecularbeambyMonte-Carlosimulationmethod.OurstudyshowsthatwecanobtainaND3molecularbeamwitharelativeaveragekineticenergylossofabout10%andarelativeoutputmolecularnumberofmorethan90%byusingasinglequasi-cwSGBwithapowerof1.5kWandamaximumopticalwelldepthof7.33mK.

简介：Zhundong煤田是床气化被看作了完成它的干净、有效的利用的一个有希望的方法的世界范围、使流体化的最大的未经触动的煤田。这研究的目的是调查物理化学的性质和极其细小的半字符的气化反应，从凳子规模导出使流体化的床gasifier，用是的Zhundong煤燃料。获得的结果如下。与未加工的煤相比，碳和半字符的灰内容在部分气化以后增加，但是他们的灰熔化温度不显示出重要差别。特别地，在煤释放了到气体的feed的76.53%钠在使流体化的床气化以后分阶段执行。半字符的化学作文是仔细与它的粒子有关缩放，对多样的元素的显然不同的性质可归因。半字符展出更高的graphitization度，更高的赌注表面区域，和更富有的中央--并且macropores，哪个在优异气化反应的结果比煤字符。半字符的化学反应被增加的气化温度显著地改进，它在更高的温度建议半字符的气化的必要性。因而，在从使流体化的床gasifiers的半字符的这些碳为气化过程被回收并且再使用，将被认为可行。

简介：Wediscusstheincompletesemi-iterativemethod(ISIM)foranapproximatesolutionofalinearfixedpointequationsx＝Tx+cwithaboundedlinearoperatorTactingonacomplexBanachspaceXsuchthatitsresolventhasapoleoforderkatthepoint1.SufficientconditionsfortheconvergenceofISIMtoasolutionofx=Tx+c,wherecbelongstotherangespaceof(I-T)k,areestablished.WeshowthattheISIMhasanattractivefeaturethatitisusuallyconvergentevenwhenthespectralradiusoftheoperatorTisgreaterthan1andInd1T≥1.ApplicationsinfiniteMarkovchainisconsideredandillustrativeexamplesarereported,showingtheconvergencerateoftheISIMisveryhigh.

简介：ItiswellknownthatLandsatTMimagesarethemostwidelyusedremotesensingdatainvariousfields.Usually,ithas7differentelectromagneticspectrumbands,amongwhichthesixthonehasmuchlowergroundresolutioncomparedwiththeothersixbands.Nevertheless,itisusefulinthestudyofrockspectrumreflection,geo-thermalresourcesexploration,etc.ToimprovethegroundresolutionofTM6tothelevelasthatoftheothersixbandsisaproblem.Thispaperpresentsanalgorithmbasedonthecombinationofmulti-variateregressionmodelwithsemi-variogramfunctionwhichcanimprovethegroundresolutionofTM6by"fusing"thedataofothersixbands.Itincludesthefollowingmainsteps:(1)testingthecorrelationbetweenTM6andoneofTM1-5,7.IfthecorrelationcoefficientbetweenTM6andanotheroneisgreaterthanagiventhresholdvalue,thenselectthebandtotheregressionanalysisasanargument.(2)calculatingthesizeofthetemplatewindowwithinwhichsomeparametersneededbytheregressionmodelwillbecalculated;(3)replacingtheoriginalpixelvaluesofTM6bythoseobtainedbyregressionanalysis;(4)usingimageentropyasameasurementtoevaluatethequalityofthefusedimageofTM6.ThebasicmechanismofthealgorithmisdiscussedandtheVC++programforimplementingthisalgorithmisalsopresented.Asimpleapplicationexampleisgiveninthelastpartofthispaper,showingtheeffectivenessofthealgorithm.

简介：Afullycoupled6-degree-of-freedomnonlineardynamicmodelispresentedtoanalyzethedynamicresponseofasemi-submersibleplatformwhichisequippedwiththedynamicpositioning(DP)system.Inthecontrolforcedesign,adynamicmodelofreferencelineardriftfrequencyinthehorizontalplaneisintroduced.Thedynamicsurfacecontrol(DSC)isusedtodesignacontrolstrategyfortheDP.Comparedwiththetraditionalback-steppingmethods,thedynamicsurfacecontrolcombinedwithradialbasisfunction(RBF)neuralnetworks(NNs)canavoiddifferentiatingintermediatevariablesrepeatedlyineverydesignstepduetotheintroductionofafirstorderfilter.LowfrequencymotionsobtainedfromtotalmotionsbyalowpassfilterarechosentobetheinputsfortheRBFNNswhichareusedtoapproximatethelowfrequencywaveforce.Consideringthepropellers’wearandtear,theeffectoffilteringfrequenciesforthecontrolforceisdiscussed.Basedonpowerconsumptionsandpositioningrequirements,theNNcentersaredetermined.Moreover,theRBFNNsusedtoapproximatethetotalwaveforcearebuilttomonitorthedisturbances.WiththeDPassistance,theresultsoffullycoupleddynamicresponsesimulationsaregiventoillustratetheeffectivenessoftheproposedcontrolstrategy.

简介：水库的存储能力逐渐地由于在能力(ASC)弄弯的区域存储引起变化的沉积累积被减少。建立这些曲线并且预言他们的未来变化是为水坝的规划者，设计者和操作员的一个重要问题。许多实验、半实验的途径为为这些曲线建立并且预言未来变化被建议了。在这研究，四个实验、半实验的方法被评估，他们中的三个被修改由于沉积在ASC曲线被用于变化的预言，基于为在USA的11座水库的存在沉积调查数据。为评估，这些途径被考察并且过去常决定沉积深度并且建立ASC为Mosul水坝水库(MDR)弯，它是在北伊拉克的河底格里斯河上的最大的水力的结构。MDR开始与11.11的一个存储能力在1986操作?km3和水出现区域380?在正常操作舞台的km2(330?ma.s.l)。从这些方法获得的结果用在25年水坝的操作以后在2011被收集了的观察深测术的调查数据被评估。评估结果证明三个方法为关于1.06-3.30%与百分比错误在水坝地点估计水深度或沉积深度介绍了更精确的结果。虽然为建立ASC弯，一个方法与调查数据介绍了好协议结果。而且，在为时期的MDR的水坝地点的ASC和沉积深度50，75，100和125年用修改途径和区域减小方法被估计。当与区域减小相比方法由开垦的美国局求婚了，协议及时随增加变得更好时，修改方法的结果提供了合理同意时期。

简介：地下水是在在中央古称的Yeniceoba平原的水供应的最重要的来源，土耳其。地下水的geochemical进化的理解为在这个区域的水资源的持续发展是重要的。hydrogeochemical调查用稳定的同位素在Plio第四级的含水土层系统被进行(δ18O和δD)，三重氢(3H)，主要、次要的元素(Ca，Na，K，Mg，Cl，那么4,没有3,HCO3和Br)以便识别在这个系统影响地下水矿化作用的地下水化学模式和这些进程。化学数据表明在这个含水土层系统的地下水的化学作文被摇/浇相互作用主要包括evaporitic矿物质的溶解控制，硅酸盐，碳酸盐的降水/溶解，离子交换，和蒸发捱过。基于Cl/Br比率的价值(>300mg/l)在Plio第四级的地下水，在含水土层的evaporitic矿物质的溶解显著地作出贡献到高矿化作用。稳定的同位素分析显示在系统的地下水被降雨的蒸发在渗入期间影响。低三重氢价值(通常<1个三重氢单位)地下水反映次要的贡献最近再装并且超过三或四十年的地下水住处时间。