简介：Basedonthedataobtainedduringthe15thAntarcticExpeditionofChinabetweenNovember1998andFebruary1999,thepaperdiscussesthewatermassesdistributedonbothsidesoftheContinentalWaterBoundary(CWB)aswellasthespacialvariabilityofthephysicalcharacteristicsofthecentrallocation,thefrontalwidth,thefrontalstrength,theverticaldepth,andtheverticalthicknessforCWB,Theaboveresultsarecomparedwiththeresultsfromthedataobtainedduringthe9thAntarcticExpeditionofChinabetweenDecember1992andFebruary1993,andthetemporalvariabiltiyofthosecharacteristicsisdiscussed.Inaddition,theinhomogeneityofthekinematiccharacteristicsandthepattermsofthedynamicheightsforthosewatermasseslocatedonbothsidesofCWBareillustrated.Asitispointedoutinthepaper,thetroughinthedynamicheightfieldisidentifiedwiththefrontallocationofCWBandtheoceaniccurrentshear.Furthermore,thedynamicreasonfortheupwellingofthecircumpolardeepwatercanbeunderstoodbytheexplanationdescribedinthepaper.

简介：Whentheshockwaveofunderwaterexplosionpropagatestothesurfacesofdifferentboundaries,itgetsreflected.Then,anegativepressureareaisformedbythesuperpositionoftheincidentwaveandreflectedwave.Cavitationoccurswhenthevalueofthenegativepressurefallsbelowthevaporpressureofwater.Animprovednumericalmodelbasedonthespectralelementmethodisappliedtoinvestigatethecavitationeffectofunderwatershockneardifferentboundaries,mainlyincludingthefeatureofcavitationeffectneardifferentboundariesandtheinfluenceofdifferentparametersoncavitationeffect.Intheimplementationoftheimprovednumericalmodel,thebilinearequationofstateisusedtodealwiththefluidfieldsubjectedtocavitation,andthefieldseparationtechniqueisemployedtoavoidthedistortionofincidentwavepropagatingthroughthemeshandthesecond-orderdoublyasymptoticapproximationisappliedtosimulatethenon-reflectingboundary.Themainresultsareasfollows.Asthepeakpressureanddecayconstantofshockwaveincreases,therangeofcavitationdomainincreases,andthedurationofcavitationincreases.Asthedepthofwaterincreases,theinfluenceofcavitationonthedynamicresponseofsphericalshelldecreases.

简介：Asatransportmeansofoilandgasthesubmarinepipelinehasmanymerits,suchascontinuousdelivery,largeconveyingcapacity,convenientmanagement,etc.Atubewaschoseninourstudytosimulatethesubmarinepipelineintheexperiments.AhighaccuracyinstrumentADVandhighprecisionpoint-typepressuresensorswereusedtomeasuretheparametersoftheflowfield,includingthepressuredistribution,velocitiesatsevencrosssectionsnearthesubmarinepipelinewithfivedifferentclearanceratios,andtwelvedynamicpressurevaluesaroundthepipeline.Thepressuredistributionsandvelocitychangesaroundthepipeunderdif-ferentflowvelocitiesandclearanceratioswereanalyzed.Theseresultsmightbeusefulforfurtherstudyofsubmarinepipelineero-sionandprotection.

简介：Themotionofabubblenearthefreesurfaceissolvedbytheboundaryelementmethodbasedonthelinearwaveequation,andtheinfluenceoffluidcompressibilityonbubbledynamicsisanalyzed.Basedonthesolutionofthebubblemotion,thefar-fieldradiationnoiseinducedbythebubbleiscalculatedusingKirchhoffmovingboundaryintegralequation,andtheinfluenceoffreesurfaceonfar-fieldnoiseisresearched.Astheresults,theoscillationamplitudeofthebubbleisweakenedincompressiblefluidcomparedwiththatinincompressiblefluid,andthefreesurfaceamplifiestheeffectoffluidcompressibility.Whenthedistancebetweenthebubbleandanobserverismuchlargerthanthatbetweenthebubbleandfreesurface,thesharpwavetroughofthesoundpressureattheobserveroccurs.Withtheincrementofthedistancebetweenthebubbleandfreesurface,thetimeofthewavetroughappearingisdelayedandthevalueofthewavetroughincrease.Whenthedistancebetweentheobserverandthebubbleisreduced,thesharpwavetroughattheobserverdisappears.

简介：Size-basedpartitioningofphytoplanktonisausefultoolformonitoringkeyphytoplanktontraits,anditprovidesabetterunderstandingofphytoplanktondynamics.Ouraimistodeterminethevariationinthedifferentsizeclassesofphytoplanktontothetotalphytoplanktonbiomassduringthespringandautumnof2010andexaminetherelationshipbetweenphytoplanktonsizestructureandenvironmentalvariablesandzooplanktoncommunitystructureneartheChangjiangEstuary.Inthespring,phytoplanktonpopulationswerepredominantlyconsistedofnanophytoplanktonthroughoutthestudyregion.Intheautumn,picophytoplanktonandnanophytoplanktoncollectivelydominatedthephytoplanktoncommunity.APearsoncorrelationanalysishighlightedtheroleoftemperatureandtrophicconditionsonthecontributionsofnanophytoplanktonandpicophytoplankton.Thegrazingpressureexertedbymesozooplanktoncouldhaveplayedanimportantroleindeterminingthemicrophytoplanktoncommunitystructure.

简介：TheliftforcesonhorizontalcylindernearbottomisexperimentallyinvestigatdeatReynolds(Re)intherangelf2500~10000andKeulegan~CARPENTERNUMBERS(kc)intheintervalof5~20,andgapratio(e/D)isfrom(a0)areanalyzdebyusingtheFourieranalysesmethod.ItisfoundthatfoundthatbothCl&a0arethefunctionslftheKcnumber.

简介：NaturalweakacidicgroundwateroccursintheunconfinedandconfinedaquifersconsistingofQuaternaryandNeogeneunconsolidatedsedimentsnearBeihaiinsouthernGuangxi,China.UndernaturalconditionsthegroundwaterhaslowTDS(lessthan200mgL-1)andlowconcentrationsoftraceelements(lessthan100μgL-1)withadeceasingtendincontentsoftheLanthanides(rareearthelements,lessthan1μgL-1)towardshigheratomicnumber.ThegroundwaterrangesinpHfrom3.33to7.0withanaveragevalueof5.12(evenlowerthanthatoflocalrainwater,5.88).pHvaluesinthegroundwaterareabithigherinrainyseasonsthanthoseindryseasonsanddonotshowsignificantincreasingordecreasingtrendwithtime.TheaveragepHvalueingroundwaterintheconfinedaquifersisevenabitlowerthanthatintheunconfinedaquifer.ComprehensiveanalysesofthegroundwaterenvironmentsuggestthatH+inthegroundwatermaybederivedfromdissociationofH2CO3,releaseoftheabsorbedH3O+inclaylayersandtheacidityofrainwater.TheH2CO3inthegroundwatermaybeformedbydissolutionofCO2(g).Mineralsintheunconsolidatedsedimentarepredominatedbyquartzwithsmallamountofclayminerals.Thesedimentsundergoingalong-termweatheringcontainlowlevelsofsolubleconstitutes.Lackofalkalinesubstancesinthegroundwatersystemisalsohelpfulintheaccumulationofacidityofthegroundwater.

简介：ThefivechemicalassociationsofheavymetalshavebeenextractedcontinuouslyusingtheTessierextractingmethod.ResultsshowthatCu,Pb,Fe,ZnandCrinthesedimentsaremainlydistributedinresidualfraction,whilethemajorchemicalassociationofMniscarbonates.CarbonateheavymetalsareconvertedintoFe-Mnoxidesinautumn.Andinthelowtidalflat,aftercarbonateshavechangedintoionicheavymetals,someoftheelementsaretransportedtotheoverlyingwater.Cu,Pb,FeandMnhavegoodcorrelationswitheachother,andZn,Cralsoshowtheirsimilarityofchemicalbehaviorinthesediments.

简介：自从模仿波浪的风波浪模型，Nearshore(天鹅)不能有效地包括波浪高度在侧面的边界，变化特征和计算波浪因素的失真范围附近模仿波浪地，时期，方向，并且计算领域的侧面的边界附近的长度小心地分别地在不同的水深度和风速度的情况中被学习。水深度和风的变化的效果在侧面的边界附近在建模的不同波浪因素上加速的计算结果表演是不同的。在某个风速度的情况中，水深度越大，失真范围是越多greater。在某个水深度的情况中，波浪高度，时期，和长度的相对错误定义的失真范围与相应波浪因素的绝对错误定义的那些不同。而且，相对错误减少随风的增加定义的失真范围加速；而绝对错误定义的失真范围随着风速度的变化有点变化。有风速度的增加的波浪方向减少的失真范围。与SWAN一起的侧面的边界附近的计算波浪因素在实际物理区域当模特儿，例如在这研究考虑的泰胡湖和达恩尚湖，如果计算领域没根据实际物理区域被扩大，确实被弄歪。因此，当天鹅被采用计算风波浪时，地接近海或内陆湖的海岸线，适当途径必须被采用减少计算错误。

简介：Investigatingthewavefieldnearstructuresincoastalandoffshoreengineeringisofincreasingsignificance.Inthepresentstudy,simulationisdoneofthewaveprofileandflowfieldforwavespropagatingoversubmergedbars,usingPLIC-VOF(PiecewiseLinearInterfaceConstruction)totracethefreesurfaceofwaveandfinitedifferencemethodtosolvevertical2DNavier-Stokes(N-S)equations.AcomparisonofthenumericalresultsfortwokindsofsubmergedbarswiththeexperimentalonesshowsthatthePLIC-VOFmodelusedinthisstudyiseffectiveandcancomputethewavefieldprecisely.

简介：Basedonthemonthlymeansealeveldataobtainedfrom3years′(1999-2001)tide-gaugemeasurements,theannualvariabilityofthesealevelnearQingdaoandJiaozhouBayisstudiedanddiscussedinthispaper.Resultsshowthattheseasurfaceheightatallthetidegaugesbecomeshigherinsummerthanthatinwinter,withanobviousseasonalvariability.Furthermoretheseasurfaceheightmeasuredatashortdistanceoutsidethebayislowerthanthatinthebay,showingaseasurfaceslopedownwardfromnorthtosouth.Thereasonsfortheformationoftheslopeareexplainedaswell,Thedynamicactionofthesummermonsoonandtheseasurfaceslope,andtheireffectsonthemonthlymeancurrentarestudiedbymeansofdynamicsprinciples.Theimportanceofthesummermonsoonandthepressuregradientgeneratedbytheseasurfaceslope,withtheireffectsonthealongshorecurrent,ispointedoutandemphasizedinthispaper.

简介：SeasurfacewindstressvariabilitiesnearandofftheeastcoastofKorea,areexaminedusing7kindsofwinddatasetsfrommeasurementsat2coastal(land)stationsand2oceanbuoys,satellitescatterometer(QuikSCAT),andglobalreanalyzedproducts(ECMWF,NOGAPS,andNCEP/NCAR).Temporalvariabilitiesareanalyzedat3frequencybands;synoptic(2～20d),intra-seasonal(20～90d),andseasonal(>90d).Synopticandintra-seasonalvariationsarepredominantnearandofftheDonghaeCityduetothepassageofthemesoscaleweathersystem.SeasonalvariationiscausedbysoutheastwardwindstressduringAsianwintermonsoon.Theseasurfacewindstressfromreanalyzeddatasets,QuikSCATandKMA-Bmeasurementsoffthecoastshowgoodagreementinthemagnitudeanddirection,whicharestronglyalignedwiththealongshoredirection.Attheland-basedsites,windstressesaremuchweakerbyfactorsof3～10duetothemountainouslandmassontheeastpartsofKoreaPeninsula.ThefirstEOFmodes(67%～70%)ofwindstressesfromreanalyzedandQuikSCATdatahavesimilarstructuresofthestrongsoutheastwardwindstressinwinteralongthecoastbutshowdifferentcurlstructuresatscaleslessthan200knduetotheorographiceffects.ThesecondEOFmodes(23%～25%)showsouthwestwardwindstressineverySeptemberalongtheeastcoastoftheNorthKorea

简介：SurfacesedimentsamplestakenfromtheEastChinaSeaofftheChangjiangestuaryareusedasrawmaterialsforphosphorusreleasingexperiment.Itisfoundthatafterbeingthoroughlymixedwithseawaterforabout10minutes,phosphorusreleasedfromthesedimentsreachesitsmaximumvalue.AdsorptionkineticscanbefittedwithbothElovichequationandtwo-constantrateequation.Thereleasingamountiscloselyrelatedtothecompositionofthesediments.Phosphorusreleasefromsiltyandmuddysedimentishigherthanfromthatdominatedbysandycomposition.Forthedesorptionreaction,iron-phosphorus(Fe-P)isthemostactiveone,withareleasingratiohigherthanotherphosphorusforms,followedbyabsorbed-phosphorus(Ad-P)andorganicboundphosphorus(OP).Allofthemcanbereferredtoasbio-availablephosphorus.Theresultsdemonstratethatphosphorusinsedimentscanbereleasedintoseawaterundersuitablehydrodynamicconditions,andhaveagreatimpactonthenutritionstateandprimaryproductivityofmarinebiosphere.

简介：AnanalysisofseismicdataobtainedthroughacableroutesurveystartingfromtheQingdaocoasttooffshorehasdeterminednineseismicunitssinceLatePleistocene.CorrelationoftheseismicdatawithBoreholeHi2confirmsthreeeustaticeventsthatoccurredduringtheLateQuaternaryandformedterrestrialunits2,5and7.Atthelowsealevelstage,paleo-rivershighlydeveloped,erodedpreviousstrata,formedpaleo-valley,andleftmaterials.

简介：尽管尼内蒂埃斯特·理兹附近的Indo澳大利亚的板为理解新板边界的形成是重要的，它的构造问题是复杂的，他们中的大多数糟糕被知道。这份报纸基于深测术，严肃和magnetics的数据做了详细构造分析。深测术和严肃地图显示出许多褶层的词法特征，它由于在印第安人和亚洲盘子之间的碰撞与Indo澳大利亚的板的intraplate变丑有关。严肃异例显示出破裂地区的结构，它被传播的seafloor和指责的变换引起。褶层和破裂地区的特征与弥漫的板边界和重新定义的板部件将发生在Indo澳大利亚的板以内的假设一致。另外，编了磁性的数据表明磁性的线条，放弃的传播中心，向南方的山脉跳，板打手势。这些特征为重建学习区域的构造进化历史提供有用信息。磁性的异例建议变换差错的一条另外的板边界打字发展中。

简介：在2015年9月16日，有Mw的大小的地震8.3发生了从Illapel近海的46km，智利，产生在Coquimbo测量的4.4-m本地人海啸。在这研究，海啸的特征被观察和数字模拟的分析的联合基于USGS和NOAA的来源介绍。深水里的16个飞镖浮标的记录，沿着海岸的十个潮汐的计量器近地，并且十个沿海的计量器在远地被使用Fourier分析学习。数字模拟基于非线性的浅水方程和嵌套的格子被执行提供全面海啸繁殖情形，并且结果在深水里与观察匹配很好并且然而并非在关上到震中的海岸好。由于到震中和南部的秘鲁和智利的架回声的短距离，最大的振幅从0.1m到2m，除了Coquimbo。在深水里，浮标的最大的振幅从9.8厘米腐烂了到0.8厘米，建议厘米规模和平宽的海啸，当管理时期是13-17min和32min时。而在远地的沿海的区域，海啸波浪放大了在到0.8m的0.2m附近，主要由于从海岸的助跑效果和回声思考。尽管海啸在深水里是相对中等的，它仍然在本地区域和farfield的海岸生产了非可以忽略的海啸危险。

简介：