简介：AccordingtotheWorldHealthOrganization,"physicalinactivityhasbeenidentifiedasthefourthleadingriskfactorforglobalmortalitycausinganestimated3.2million(annual)deathsglobally.”1IntheResearchHighlightofthefirstissueofthisjournal,Ireviewedtheevidencewhichsupportsthenotionthatphysicalinactivitycancostlives,intermsoflongevityandqualityoflife,especiallyinthelastfewyearsofourlives.2Here,Iwouldliketoreviewtheliteraturethatrevealsthefinancialburdenduetophysicalinactivity.

简介：<正>OneofthemandatesItriedtoembracewhenIwaspresidentoftheInternationalSocietyofBiomechanics(2007-2009)wastofoster,encourage,andbringtothelimelight,theresearchactivitiesfromcountriesthatwereunderrepresentedinternationally.Irealizedthatsuchunderrepresentationwasoftentheresultofbarriersbetweenscientificcommunitiesthathadevolvedhistorically,basedonbackground,language,scientificmethod,financialsupportetc.,barriersthatcouldeasilybeovercomebypersonalcontacts,acknowledgementof

简介：Chronicdiseaseshavebecomeafocalpointofpublichealthworldwidewithestimatesoftrillionsofdollarsinannualhealthcarecostandcausingmorethan36milliondeathsayear.Lifestylefactorssuchasphysicalinactivityareheavilycorrelatedwiththedevelopmentofmanychronicdiseases.Newstrategiesforprimaryandsecondarydiseasepreventionaredesperatelyneededtoaidinbluntingthenegativeeconomicandsocialimpactofthesediseases.Physicalactivity(PA)andexercisearenowconsideredprincipalinterventionsforuseinprimaryandsecondarypreventionofchronicdiseases.Currently,moreemphasisinprimarypreventionofdiseaseisnecessarytoreducediseaseriskinyouthandadults;howeverwithchronicdiseaseprevalencesohigh,similaremphasisisalsonecessaryforsecondarypreventioninthosechildrenandadultsalreadyinflictedwithchronicdiseases.Conditionssuchascardiovasculardisease,type2diabetes,obesity,andcanceraredrasticallyimprovedwhenPAandexercisearepartofamedicalmanagementplan.Inaddition,thenationalPAguidelinesinconjunctionwithPApromotiontoolslikeExerciseisMedicine?areneededtopromoteincreasedPAandexerciselevelsworldwide.

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简介：Background：TheGlobalPhysicalActivityQuestionnaire（GPAQ）hasbeenusedtomeasurephysicalactivity（PA）andsedentarytimeinFrance,butnostudyhasassesseditspsychometricproperties.ThisstudyaimedtocomparethereliabilityaswellascriterionandconcurrentvalidityoftheFrenchversionoftheGPAQwiththeFrenchInternationalPhysicalActivityQuestionnairelongform（IPAQ-LF）anduseofanaccelerometerinageneraladultpopulation.Methods：Weincluded92participants（studentsorstaff）fromtheMedicineCampusattheUniversityofLorraine,Nancy（north-easternFrance）.TheFrenchGPAQwascompletedtwice,7daysapart,tostudytest-retestreliability.TheIPAQ-LFwasusedtoassessconcurrentvalidityoftheGPAQ,andparticipantsworeanaccelerometer（ActiGraphGT3X＋）for7daystostudycriterionvalidity.ReliabilityaswellasconcurrentandcriterionvalidityoftheGPAQweretestedbytheintraclasscorrelationcoefficient（ICC）,Spearmancorrelationcoefficientforquantitativevariables,andKappaandPhicoefficientsforqualitativevariables.BothconcurrentandcriterionvalidityofGPAQwereassessedbyBland-Altmanplots.Results：TheGPAQshowedpoortogoodreliability（ICC=0.37-0.94;Kappa=0.50-0.62）andconcurrentvalidity（Spearmanr=0.41-0.86）,butonlypoorcriterionvalidity（Spearmanr=-0.22-0.42）.LimitsofagreementfortheGPAQandaccelerometerwerewide,withdifferencesbetween286.5min/weekand601.3min/week.Conclusion：TheFrenchversionoftheGPAQprovideslimitedbutacceptablereliabilityandvalidityforthemeasurementofPAandsedentarytime.ItmaybeusedforassessingPAandsedentarytimeinaFrenchadultpopulation.

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简介：ThepreviousSpecialIssuewasdevotedtophysicalactivity(PA),physicalfitness,diet,andhealthinyoungpeople.ThecontentofthissecondSpecialIssuewillfocusonPAandchronicdiseaseinchildrenandyoungadults.ThefirstpaperwrittenbyDurstineetal.considerstheproblemofchronicdiseasesbecomingapublichealthconcernworldwidewithestimatesoftrillionsofdollaisinannualhealthcarecostsandcausingmorethan36milliondeathsayear.Their

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简介：Background:Manydisease-specificfactorssuchasmuscularweakness,increasedmusclestiffness,varyingposturalstrategies,andchangesinposturalreflexeshavebeenshowntoleadtoposturalinstabilityandfallriskinpeoplewithParkinson'sdisease(PD).Recently,analyticaltechniques,inspiredbythedynamicalsystemsperspectiveonmovementcontrolandcoordination,havebeenusedtoexaminethemechanismsunderlyingthedynamicsofposturaldeclinesandtheemergenceofposturalinstabilitiesinpeoplewithPD.Methods:Awavelet-basedtechniquewasusedtoidentifylimitcycleoscillations(LCOs)intheanterior–posterior(AP)posturalswayofpeoplewithmildPD(n=10)comparedtoage-matchedcontrols(n=10).Participantsstoodonafoamandonarigidsurfacewhilecompletingadualtask(speaking).Results:Therewasnosignificantdifferenceintherootmeansquareofcenterofpressurebetweengroups.Threeoutof10participantswithPDdemonstratedLCOsonthefoamsurface,whilenoneinthecontrolgroupdemonstratedLCOs.AninvertedpendulummodelofbipedalstancewasusedtodemonstratethatLCOsoccurduetodisease-specificchangesassociatedwithPD:time-delayandneuromuscularfeedbackgain.Conclusion:Overall,theLCOanalysisandmathematicalmodelappeartocapturethesubtleposturalinstabilitiesassociatedwithmildPD.Inaddition,thesefindingsprovideinsightsintothemechanismsthatleadtotheemergenceofunstablepostureinpatientswithPD.

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