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简介：AbstractThe main treatments for Parkinson’s disease (PD) currently include surgery, rehabilitation, and most commonly, drug therapy. However, the drugs that are currently used to treat PD provide only symptomatic relief and delayed disease progression but have no curative effect and cause many adverse reactions. When considering pathogenic factors and metabolic regulation, PD and type 2 diabetes have a high rate of comorbidity; this provides a theoretical basis for the treatment of PD with first-line antidiabetic drugs. Among these agents, metformin reduces neuronal damage in the brains of PD patients via neuroprotection and the inhibition of oxidative stress and inflammatory responses, thus providing a novel strategy for the clinical treatment of PD. Here, we present the current state of knowledge about the use of metformin to treat PD and discuss its clinical prospects.

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简介：Majoradvanceshavebeenmadeoverthelastdecadeinourunderstandingofthemolecularbasisofseveralcardiacconditions.Hypertrophiccardiomyopathy(HCM)wasthefirstcardiacdisorderinwhichageneticbasiswasidentifiedandassuch,hasactedasaparadigmforthestudyofaninheritedcardiacdisorder.HCMcanresultinclinicalsymptomsrangingfromnosymptomstosevereheartfailureandprematuresuddendeath.HCMisthecommonestcauseofsuddendeathinthoseagedlessthan35years,includingcompetitiveathletes.Atleasttengeneshavenowbeenidentified,defectsinwhichcauseHCM.Allofthesegenesencodeproteinswhichcomprisethebasiccontractileunitoftheheart,i.e.thesarcomere.Whilemuchisnowknownaboutwhichgenescausediseaseandthevariousclinicalpresentations,verylittleisknownabouthowthesegenedefectscausedisease,andwhatfactorsmodifytheexpressionofthemutantgenes.StudiesinbothcellcultureandanimalmodelsofHCMarenowbeginningtoshedlightonthesignallingpathwaysinvolvedinHCM,andtheroleofbothenvironmentalandgeneticmodifyingfactors.Understandingthesemechanismswillultimatelyimproveourknowledgeofthebasicbiologyofheartmusclefunction,andwillthereforeprovidenewavenuesfortreatingcardiovasculardiseaseinman.

简介：ThehistogensisofextramammaryPaget’sdiseasehasnotbeensolvedandremainedcontroversial.EightcasesofextramammaryPaget’sdiseaseofgeni-tocruralregionwereinvestigatedbyalcianblueandPASstainandimmunoreactionofanti-CEAandanti-keratin.Itwasfoundthatthepatternandintensityofalcianblue,PASstainingwereidenticalforPagetcellsandsecretorycellsofapocrinesweatgland;andCEAimmunoreactivitywasuniformlyobservedinbothPagetcellsandeccrinesweatgland.Thekeratinimmunoreactionwaspositiveinkeratinocytes,apocrineandeccrinesweatgland,whereasPagetcellswerenegative.TheseresultssuggestedthatPagetcellsofextramammaryPaget’sdiseasecouldbederivedfrommultipotentialepidermalgermcells.

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简介：AbstractBackground:Moyamoya disease (MMD) is a relatively important and common disease, especially in East Asian children. There are few reports about EEG in children with MMD in China till now. This study is aimed to analyze the electroencephalographic features of MMD in pediatric patients in China preliminarily.Methods:Pediatric patients with MMD who were hospitalized in Peking University International Hospital and Beijing Tiantan Hospital from January 2016 to December 2018 were collected. Clinical and electroencephalography (EEG) findings were analyzed retrospectively.Results:A total of 110 pediatric patients with MMD were involved, and 17 (15.5%) cases had a history of seizure or epilepsy. Ischemic stroke was associated with a 1.62-fold relative risk of seizure. A subset of 15 patients with complete EEG data was identified. Indications for EEG in patients with MMD included limb shaking, unilateral weakness, or generalized convulsion. Abnormal EEG was seen in 14 (93.3%) cases, with the most common findings being focal slowing 12 (80.0%), followed by epileptiform discharge 10 (66.7%), and diffuse slowing 9 (60.0%). "Rebuild up" phenomenon on EEG was observed in one patient.Conclusions:Seizure and abnormal background activity or epileptiform discharge on EEG were common in pediatric patients with MMD. EEG may play a role in differential diagnosis among the transient neurological events in MMD such as transient ischemic attack and seizure.

简介：外科与ulcerative(UC)与Crohn的疾病(CD)并且在约三分之一个个病人在绝大多数病人被要求。类似于为IBD的麦克匪特斯氏疗法，重要进展发生在外科。在CD的进展在由更有限的切除术，苛评发育，和laparoscopic切除术例示的保守主义之上包括一个重音。在选择病人的职业人员生命学的使用为UC与pouchitis追随者补药proctocolectomy在病人改进了结果。在IBD的分子的基础的进行中的发现将接着识别将最好对外科作出回应的那些病人，这被期望。

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简介：Inthispaper,wepresentatiredefectdetectionalgorithmbasedonsparserepresentation.Thedictionarylearnedfromreferenceimagescanefficientlyrepresentthetestimage.Astherepresentationcoefficientsofnormalimageshaveaspecificdistribution,thelocalfeaturecanbeestimatebycomparingrepresentationcoefficientdistribution.Meanwhile,acodinglengthisusedtomeasuretheglobalfeaturesofrepresentationcoefficients.Thetiredefectislocatedbyboththeselocalandglobalfeatures.Experimentalresultsdemonstratethattheproposedmethodcanaccuratelydetectandlocatethetiredefects.

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简介：AstheChinesesmartphonemarketisslowingdown,thehome-mademobilephonemanufacturersareincreasinginvestmentabroadandtryingtoimprovequalitytogetridofthe"cheapie"label.RecentnewsrevealedthatXiaomihasrealizedsmartphoneproduction

简介：ＣＨＩＮＡＧＬＯＢＡＬＡＴＭＯＳＰＨＥＲＥＷＡＴＣＨＢＡＳＥＬＩＮＥＯＢＳＥＲＶＡＴＯＲＹＡＮＤＩＴＳＭＥＡＳＵＲＥＭＥＮＴＰＲＯＧＲＡＭＴａｎｇＪｉｅ（汤洁），ＷｅｎＹｕｐｕ（温玉璞），ＸｕＸｉａｏｂｉｎ（徐晓斌），ＺｈｅｎｇＸｉａｎｇｄｏｎｇ（郑...

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简介：FormulatingtheGSDRFormulatingtheGSDR(globalsustainabledevelopmentreport)isoneoftheimportantachievementsinitiatedbythe"Rio+20"summit,andithasreceivedworldwideattention.Nowadays,theinternationalcommunityhasmadeapreliminaryconsensusontheorientation,keyfocuses,frameworks,andtimescheduleofGSDR.But,therearestillgreatdivergencesintherelationshipbetweenGSDRandSDGs/post-MDGs(sustainabledevelopmentgoals/post-2015developmentagenda),theGSDRorganizationalmodel,andwhethercountrieswritingtheirownnationalsustainabledevelopmentreportornot.AfterreviewingthewholeprocessofformulatingGSDR,somerecommendationsforwritingGSDRfromtheChineseperspectiveareproposed.TheGSDRreportshouldbeascience-basedandpolicy-making-orientedassessmentreport.TheGSDRshouldfocusonthepriorityareasthatSDGs/post-MDGshavealreadyidentifiedascorefields."Limitedinnumber,easytoquantify,anduniversallyapplicable"comprehensiveassessmentindicesofsustainabledevelopmentshouldbeproposed.AGSDRinternationalworkinggroupofexpertsshouldbeestablished.Countriesshouldbeencouragedtoformulatethe"NationalSustainableDevelopmentReport"accordingtotheirowndomesticpractices.GSDRshouldbeintegratedwiththehigh-levelpoliticalforum(HLPF).Meanwhile,somesuggestionsonChina’sparticipationintheGSDRprocessarealsoproposed.China’s2030mid-termandlong-termnationalsustainabledevelopmentgoals(CSDGs)basedonboththeSDGs/post-MDGsanddomesticpracticeareproposed.Accordingtotheimplementationofnationalsustainabledevelopmentgoals,Chinashouldstarttheappropriateassessmentoftheprogressandregularlyreportonthenationalsustainabledevelopment.ChinesescientistsshouldbeencouragedtoactivelyparticipateintheprocessofGSDR.