简介:Amongthemodernrhetoricaldevices,metonymyandsynecdochearetwoimportantfiguresofspeech,whichareanalogoustoeachotherforbothusethenameofonethingforthatofsomethingelse.Thatistosay,bothoftherhetoricaldevicesinvolvesubstitution.Thusthetwoconceptsareconfusing.Metonymyemphasizesonusingthenameofonethingforthatofsomethingelsewithwhichitisassociated.Synecdocheisafigureofspeechinwhichapartisusedforawhole,anindividualforaclass,amaterialforathing,orthereverseofanyofthese.Bymakingacomparativestudyofthesetwothroughtheconnotationandcategory,theauthorsummarizesthat:theyaretwoindependentfiguresofspeech.
简介:ThesurfacecompositionandelectronicstructureoftungstencarbidespreparedbydirectsynthesisandcarburizationofwhitetungsticacidwerestudiedwithX-rayphotoelectronspectros-copy.TheexperimentalresultsshowthatWO3andfreecarbonarepresentonthesurfaceofthecarbides.Forthehighsurfaceareatungstencarbidepreparedfromwhitetungsticacidalargeextentofoxygeninsertionintothecrystallatticewasobserved.MeasurementsofthebindingenergiesoftheW47/2,C1sandO1scorelevelsindicatethatchargetransferisfromtheWtotheCandOatoms,formingW5d-C2pandW5d-O2pbonding.ThecatalyticbehaviorofthetungstencarbidesinhydrocarbonconversionreactionsismentionedandcomparedwithPtcatalysts.
简介:一、什么是STUDYGROUPSTUDYGROUP是牛津大学的A.B.Tayler博士和当时他的学生J.Ockendon等人在1968年创立的,它的原名是OxfordStudyGroupwithIndustry。这种活动历时一周,是由数学工作者和工业界人士参加的旨在解决实际问题的研讨会。在研讨会的第一天,由工业界代表陈述要解决的问题和目的要求,通常会有5~6个问题。后续2~3天按问题分组讨论,试图建立问题的数学模型和求解方法来解决问题。若问题比较
简介:ADVANCESINSTUDYOFINTERACTIONSASSOCIATEDWITHRAINSTORM¥MaSnufen(马淑芬)(InstituteofSynopticandDynamicMeteorology)Beijing100081andD...
简介:DevelopingawidelyadaptableAIDSvaccineisthegoalofscientistswhofightagainstglobalproliferationofthedeadlydisease.NoW,somearefocusingtheirstudyonChina,believingthatthecountrymaybetheperfectpartnerforacollaborationinvaccineresearch.AninternationalAIDSvac...
简介:[1]BASFUSP4479906[2]BASFBP1443541[3]BASFDE3618265[4]WangL.,WuZ.,ChinaLeather,26(8),11,(1997)[5]YuanL.,DinY.,ChineseChemistryBulletin,(2),19(1988)[6]KurokiH.,ChemistryofDyeingTheory(ChineseTranslation),TextileIndustryPress,Beijing,89(1982)[7]WangS.,LiP.,WuZ.DyestuffIndustry(Chinese),34(4),1,(1997)[8]Tian,Y.,Wu,Z.,Wang,G.,Zhang,S.J.ChineseChem.Eng.,46,156(1995)[9]Tian,Y.,Wang,G.,Wu,Z.,J.ChineseChem.Eng.,47,75(1996)[10]Lycka,A.,DyesandPigment,32,11(1996)[11]Griffith,J.,ColourandConstitutionofOrganicMolecules,AcademicPress,London,191(1976)
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简介:ThepowderXRDanalysisofringwoodite(γ-Fe2SiO4),whichwassynthesizedinaII-stageanvilhigh-pressurecapsule,wasmade,Itsunit-cellparameterwascalculated:a=8.219A,Aftertherefinements,forseveralcycles,oftheoxygenparameterxandtheoccupancyrateofSiinoctahedronsite,i.e.,theiversiondegreeu,thefinalresultisR=0.077,whenx=0.379Aandu=27.5%,withthestructuralformula(Fe1.725Si0.275)VI(Si0.725Fe0.275)IVO4andatomicdistances(Fe,Si)VI-O=2.022Aand(Si,Fe)IV-O=1.836A,Meanwhile,theMoessbauerspectroscopicanalysisofthesamplewasconductedandtheresultsobtainedareingoodagreementwiththoseofX-raystructuralanalysis,Thispaperfocusesonthephasetransformationandthepropertiesofbondsofα-Fe2SiO4→γ-Fe2SiO4.
简介:DiamondfromLiaoning,Chinawasstudiedbysynchrotronradiationandinfraredspectrum.Thedistributionofdislocationsinthespecimenthasbeenrevealed.Anewmethodtodeterminetheorientationofcrystaldefectshasbeenproposedandtheorientationindexesofthedislocationsinthespecimenwerecalculatedbythismethod.Ithasbeenfoundthatthedislocationsinthespecimentarenearbutnotpreciselyparallelto{111}planes,Themaximumanglebetweendislocationand{111}planeisabout16°.AlmostallthedislocationsinthespecimenthavethesameBurgersvector1/2[101]andimplythesamenessoftheirorigination.
简介:Choosingoptimumsofteningprocessandexploringthefactorsaffectingdimensionalstabilityandtheirchanginglawscanbeabletoprovidetechnologicalsupportfordevelopmentofcurvingfurniture.Thetotalrubberwoodsampleswere112[220mm(longitudinal)×17mm(radial)×8mm(tangential)],andtheyweresoftenedbyboilingwaterandbentthroughusingcurvedmoldsinthetest.TheoptimumsofteningprocesswasselectedaccordingtoMORvalueofthesamples.Someaffectingfactorswhichinfluenced...
简介:Chlamydia,ahumanpathogenthatmediateschronic,persistentandrepeatedinfectionprogress,iscapableofinflictingpermanentscarformation.Atypicalreticularbodyisfoundinpersistentinfections.ChlamydialHsp60,interferon(IFN)-gammaandothercytokinesfunctioninthecourseofrepeatedinfection.Immunopathologicalfactorsmediatechronicinfection.
简介:Inthisdissertation,sereralkeyproblemsinthefieldofsteganographicimagesecurityaremainlystudiedanddiscussed:(1)Anovelkindofimagecryptosystemisstudied.Theencryptedinformationofsecretimageisembeddedintoanordinaryimage,whichcanbetransmittedpublicly,anditwillnotcauseattentionofillegaleavesdropper.Thefollowingresultsareachieved:(a)Theimagehidingalgorithmanditsimprovedalgorithmbasedonwavelettransformandvectorquantizationareproposed,andbothalgorithmsembedthesecretimageaftertakingfulladvantageofwavelettransform(WT)tocompressit.(b)IntroducingtheCDMAconceptincommunicationtheory,anovelkindofimagecryptosystem—imagehidingcryptosystemofimagedivisionmultipleaccessisproposed.Weencryptkeyinformationofseveralsecretimagesandthenhidethemintoanimage,whichisanordinaryimage.Afterreceiversgettheimage,eachreceivercanrestorecorrespondingsecretimageindependently.Comparedwithotherimageencryptionalgorithms,ournewimagehidingcryptosystemcancompresssecretimagedataefficiently.Moreover,thesecurityandpracticabilityofoursystemisbetter.(2)Digitalwatermarkingisthemostimportantbranchofinformationhiding,whichhasbeenthehotspotofinternationalacademia.Digitalwatermarkinghasbeenproposedasasolutiontotheproblemofcopyrightprotectionofmultimediadocumentsinnetworkedenvironments.Inthisfield,thefollowingresultsareachieved:(a)AnewfrequencyinformationhidingandwatermarkingalgorithmbasedonWTandDiscreteCosineTransform(DCT)ispresented.AftercompressedbyWT,theinformationofsecretimageisembeddedintoDCTdomain.ThealgorithmhasgoodimperceptibilityandsecurityandisrobustagainstJPEGcompressingandcropping.Thealgorithmcanbeusedtoembedwatermarkintoimages,andthewatermarkmaybeone256-colorpictureormoreandmorethanonesecretimagecanbehiddenintoasinglecarrierimage.(b)Anovelwatermarkingalg
简介:Thepaperfirstintroducestheconcepts,methodandrecentdevelopmentofWebGIStechnology,thendiscussesthefunctionalityandapplicationprospectofWebGISinthefieldofseismologicalstudy,finallythepapergivesapresentationonapplicationofWebGIStoseismologicalstudyandconstructsaWebGISinformationsystemforseismologicalstudybyusingGIScomponentMO/MOIMS.ThesystembasedonBrowser/ServerarchitecturecanimplementsthesharingofspatialdataandGISapplicationsandpartlycollaboratingwork.ThisWebGISsolutionhasimportantsignificanceforseismologicalstudyanddeservestofurtherresearch.
简介:Toestablishthemechanismofsurfacechangeinacontinuouspolishingsystem,anidealmathematicalmodelisbuiltbasedonWinkler’shypothesisandthePrestonequation.Thebasicfeaturesofthemodelarethechangeratesinthesurfacepeak–valley(PV)valuesoftheworkpiece,conditioningdiskandpitchlap,ratherthanthespecificsurfaceshapes.Inaddition,anequilibriumstateexistsinthesystem,indicatingthatthesurfacechangeratesareallzero.Underequilibrium,thesurfaceofthelapcouldremainflat,anditisinsensitivetothesurfaceerroroftheworkpiece.Thesecharacteristicslaythetheoreticalfoundationsforhigh-efficiencyandhigh-precisionpolishing.Themethodstoobtainanequilibriumstatewithflatsurfacesarethenproposedandconfirmedexperimentally.High-precisionsurfacesbetterthanλ/10(λ=632.8nm)areconsistentlyproducedexperimentally.
简介:Thispaperreviewsbrieflytheprogressesmadeduringthelastfouryears(1999~2002)instudyofseismotectonicsinChina,especiallyappraisestheachievementsinthefieldsofthecrustalanduppermantle'sstructure,theactivefaultsandtectonicsettingoflargeearthquakes,thecrustaldeformation,andthenumericalsimulation.MostearthquakesoccurredinChinabelongtocontinentalearthquakes.Therefore,Chineseseismologistspaymoreattentiontothecontinentalearthquakes.BasedonimprovementsoftheobservationsystemsinChinaduringtheninthFive-YearPlan,thestudiesonseismotectonicshaveachievedgreatprogresses.