简介：Amongthemodernrhetoricaldevices,metonymyandsynecdochearetwoimportantfiguresofspeech,whichareanalogoustoeachotherforbothusethenameofonethingforthatofsomethingelse.Thatistosay,bothoftherhetoricaldevicesinvolvesubstitution.Thusthetwoconceptsareconfusing.Metonymyemphasizesonusingthenameofonethingforthatofsomethingelsewithwhichitisassociated.Synecdocheisafigureofspeechinwhichapartisusedforawhole,anindividualforaclass,amaterialforathing,orthereverseofanyofthese.Bymakingacomparativestudyofthesetwothroughtheconnotationandcategory,theauthorsummarizesthat:theyaretwoindependentfiguresofspeech.

简介：ThesurfacecompositionandelectronicstructureoftungstencarbidespreparedbydirectsynthesisandcarburizationofwhitetungsticacidwerestudiedwithX-rayphotoelectronspectros-copy.TheexperimentalresultsshowthatWO3andfreecarbonarepresentonthesurfaceofthecarbides.Forthehighsurfaceareatungstencarbidepreparedfromwhitetungsticacidalargeextentofoxygeninsertionintothecrystallatticewasobserved.MeasurementsofthebindingenergiesoftheW47/2,C1sandO1scorelevelsindicatethatchargetransferisfromtheWtotheCandOatoms,formingW5d-C2pandW5d-O2pbonding.ThecatalyticbehaviorofthetungstencarbidesinhydrocarbonconversionreactionsismentionedandcomparedwithPtcatalysts.

简介：一、什么是STUDYGROUPSTUDYGROUP是牛津大学的A.B.Tayler博士和当时他的学生J.Ockendon等人在1968年创立的,它的原名是OxfordStudyGroupwithIndustry。这种活动历时一周,是由数学工作者和工业界人士参加的旨在解决实际问题的研讨会。在研讨会的第一天,由工业界代表陈述要解决的问题和目的要求,通常会有5~6个问题。后续2~3天按问题分组讨论,试图建立问题的数学模型和求解方法来解决问题。若问题比较

简介：众所周知，口语是BEC四个单元中挑战性较大的一部分，并且口语考试的难度随着等级的提高而加大。BEC口语考试分为三部分。第一部分是考生与考官的交流，着重于个人情况，比如学习工作，兴趣爱好。这一部分必须充

简介：ＡＤＶＡＮＣＥＳＩＮＳＴＵＤＹＯＦＩＮＴＥＲＡＣＴＩＯＮＳＡＳＳＯＣＩＡＴＥＤＷＩＴＨＲＡＩＮＳＴＯＲＭ￥ＭａＳｎｕｆｅｎ（马淑芬）（ＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＳｙｎｏｐｔｉｃａｎｄＤｙｎａｍｉｃＭｅｔｅｏｒｏｌｏｇｙ）Ｂｅｉｊｉｎｇ１０００８１ａｎｄＤ...

简介：DevelopingawidelyadaptableAIDSvaccineisthegoalofscientistswhofightagainstglobalproliferationofthedeadlydisease.NoW,somearefocusingtheirstudyonChina,believingthatthecountrymaybetheperfectpartnerforacollaborationinvaccineresearch.AninternationalAIDSvac...

简介：［1］BASFUSP4479906［2］BASFBP1443541［3］BASFDE3618265［4］WangL.,WuZ.,ChinaLeather,26(8),11,(1997)［5］YuanL.,DinY.,ChineseChemistryBulletin,(2),19(1988)［6］KurokiH.,ChemistryofDyeingTheory(ChineseTranslation),TextileIndustryPress,Beijing,89(1982)［7］WangS.,LiP.,WuZ.DyestuffIndustry(Chinese),34(4),1,(1997)［8］Tian,Y.,Wu,Z.,Wang,G.,Zhang,S.J.ChineseChem.Eng.,46,156(1995)［9］Tian,Y.,Wang,G.,Wu,Z.,J.ChineseChem.Eng.,47,75(1996)［10］Lycka,A.,DyesandPigment,32,11(1996)［11］Griffith,J.,ColourandConstitutionofOrganicMolecules,AcademicPress,London,191(1976)

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简介：ThepowderXRDanalysisofringwoodite(γ-Fe2SiO4),whichwassynthesizedinaII-stageanvilhigh-pressurecapsule,wasmade,Itsunit-cellparameterwascalculated:a=8.219A,Aftertherefinements,forseveralcycles,oftheoxygenparameterxandtheoccupancyrateofSiinoctahedronsite,i.e.,theiversiondegreeu,thefinalresultisR=0.077,whenx=0.379Aandu=27.5%,withthestructuralformula(Fe1.725Si0.275)VI(Si0.725Fe0.275)IVO4andatomicdistances(Fe,Si)VI-O=2.022Aand(Si,Fe)IV-O=1.836A,Meanwhile,theMoessbauerspectroscopicanalysisofthesamplewasconductedandtheresultsobtainedareingoodagreementwiththoseofX-raystructuralanalysis,Thispaperfocusesonthephasetransformationandthepropertiesofbondsofα－Fe2SiO4→γ-Fe2SiO4.

简介：DiamondfromLiaoning,Chinawasstudiedbysynchrotronradiationandinfraredspectrum.Thedistributionofdislocationsinthespecimenthasbeenrevealed.Anewmethodtodeterminetheorientationofcrystaldefectshasbeenproposedandtheorientationindexesofthedislocationsinthespecimenwerecalculatedbythismethod.Ithasbeenfoundthatthedislocationsinthespecimentarenearbutnotpreciselyparallelto{111}planes,Themaximumanglebetweendislocationand{111}planeisabout16°.AlmostallthedislocationsinthespecimenthavethesameBurgersvector1/2[101]andimplythesamenessoftheirorigination.

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简介：Choosingoptimumsofteningprocessandexploringthefactorsaffectingdimensionalstabilityandtheirchanginglawscanbeabletoprovidetechnologicalsupportfordevelopmentofcurvingfurniture.Thetotalrubberwoodsampleswere112[220mm(longitudinal)×17mm(radial)×8mm(tangential)],andtheyweresoftenedbyboilingwaterandbentthroughusingcurvedmoldsinthetest.TheoptimumsofteningprocesswasselectedaccordingtoMORvalueofthesamples.Someaffectingfactorswhichinfluenced...

简介：Chlamydia,ahumanpathogenthatmediateschronic,persistentandrepeatedinfectionprogress,iscapableofinflictingpermanentscarformation.Atypicalreticularbodyisfoundinpersistentinfections.ChlamydialHsp60,interferon(IFN)-gammaandothercytokinesfunctioninthecourseofrepeatedinfection.Immunopathologicalfactorsmediatechronicinfection.

简介：Inthisdissertation,sereralkeyproblemsinthefieldofsteganographicimagesecurityaremainlystudiedanddiscussed:(1)Anovelkindofimagecryptosystemisstudied.Theencryptedinformationofsecretimageisembeddedintoanordinaryimage,whichcanbetransmittedpublicly,anditwillnotcauseattentionofillegaleavesdropper.Thefollowingresultsareachieved:(a)Theimagehidingalgorithmanditsimprovedalgorithmbasedonwavelettransformandvectorquantizationareproposed,andbothalgorithmsembedthesecretimageaftertakingfulladvantageofwavelettransform(WT)tocompressit.(b)IntroducingtheCDMAconceptincommunicationtheory,anovelkindofimagecryptosystem—imagehidingcryptosystemofimagedivisionmultipleaccessisproposed.Weencryptkeyinformationofseveralsecretimagesandthenhidethemintoanimage,whichisanordinaryimage.Afterreceiversgettheimage,eachreceivercanrestorecorrespondingsecretimageindependently.Comparedwithotherimageencryptionalgorithms,ournewimagehidingcryptosystemcancompresssecretimagedataefficiently.Moreover,thesecurityandpracticabilityofoursystemisbetter.(2)Digitalwatermarkingisthemostimportantbranchofinformationhiding,whichhasbeenthehotspotofinternationalacademia.Digitalwatermarkinghasbeenproposedasasolutiontotheproblemofcopyrightprotectionofmultimediadocumentsinnetworkedenvironments.Inthisfield,thefollowingresultsareachieved:(a)AnewfrequencyinformationhidingandwatermarkingalgorithmbasedonWTandDiscreteCosineTransform(DCT)ispresented.AftercompressedbyWT,theinformationofsecretimageisembeddedintoDCTdomain.ThealgorithmhasgoodimperceptibilityandsecurityandisrobustagainstJPEGcompressingandcropping.Thealgorithmcanbeusedtoembedwatermarkintoimages,andthewatermarkmaybeone256-colorpictureormoreandmorethanonesecretimagecanbehiddenintoasinglecarrierimage.(b)Anovelwatermarkingalg

简介：Thepaperfirstintroducestheconcepts,methodandrecentdevelopmentofWebGIStechnology,thendiscussesthefunctionalityandapplicationprospectofWebGISinthefieldofseismologicalstudy,finallythepapergivesapresentationonapplicationofWebGIStoseismologicalstudyandconstructsaWebGISinformationsystemforseismologicalstudybyusingGIScomponentMO/MOIMS.ThesystembasedonBrowser/ServerarchitecturecanimplementsthesharingofspatialdataandGISapplicationsandpartlycollaboratingwork.ThisWebGISsolutionhasimportantsignificanceforseismologicalstudyanddeservestofurtherresearch.

简介：Toestablishthemechanismofsurfacechangeinacontinuouspolishingsystem,anidealmathematicalmodelisbuiltbasedonWinkler’shypothesisandthePrestonequation.Thebasicfeaturesofthemodelarethechangeratesinthesurfacepeak–valley(PV)valuesoftheworkpiece,conditioningdiskandpitchlap,ratherthanthespecificsurfaceshapes.Inaddition,anequilibriumstateexistsinthesystem,indicatingthatthesurfacechangeratesareallzero.Underequilibrium,thesurfaceofthelapcouldremainflat,anditisinsensitivetothesurfaceerroroftheworkpiece.Thesecharacteristicslaythetheoreticalfoundationsforhigh-efficiencyandhigh-precisionpolishing.Themethodstoobtainanequilibriumstatewithflatsurfacesarethenproposedandconfirmedexperimentally.High-precisionsurfacesbetterthanλ/10(λ=632.8nm)areconsistentlyproducedexperimentally.

简介：Thispaperreviewsbrieflytheprogressesmadeduringthelastfouryears(1999～2002)instudyofseismotectonicsinChina,especiallyappraisestheachievementsinthefieldsofthecrustalanduppermantle'sstructure,theactivefaultsandtectonicsettingoflargeearthquakes,thecrustaldeformation,andthenumericalsimulation.MostearthquakesoccurredinChinabelongtocontinentalearthquakes.Therefore,Chineseseismologistspaymoreattentiontothecontinentalearthquakes.BasedonimprovementsoftheobservationsystemsinChinaduringtheninthFive-YearPlan,thestudiesonseismotectonicshaveachievedgreatprogresses.

简介：Let(X1,X2,…,Xn)and(Y1,Y2,…Yn)berealrandomvectorswiththesamemarginaldistributions,if(X1,X2,…,Xn)≤c(Y1,Y2,…Yn),itisshowedinthispaperthat∑i=1^nXi≤cx∑i=1^nYiandmax1≤k≤n∑i=1^kXi≤icxmax1≤k≤n∑i=1^kYihold.Basedonthisfact,amoregeneralcomparisontheoremisobtained.

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