简介:Inthispaper,thesimultaneouseffectsofboundarylayerandtopographyontheinstabilityofEadywaveareinvestigatedbyusinganewparameterizationoftheverticalvelocityatthetopofPBLandtheinfluencesofthestratificationofthePBL,roughnessandtheslopeofterrainareshown.Furthermore,theeffectsoftheboundarylayerfrictionandtopographyongeneralizedEadywavearealsoinvestigated.
简介:Theseparating/reattachingflowoveranaxisymmetricbackward-facingstepisanalyzedexperimentallybymeansofparticleimagevelocimetry(PIV).ThemainpurposeofthemeasurementsistheinvestigationofthemeanflowfieldaswellasoftheReynoldsstressdistributionsataMachnumberof0.7andataReynoldsnumberof3.3x10~5basedonthestepheight.Duetothestrongprogressofopticalflowmeasurementsinthelastyearsitwaspossibletoresolveallflowscalesdownto180μm(≈1%ofthestepheight)withhighprecision.ThankstothehighspatialresolutionitwasfoundforthefirsttimethattheReynoldsstressdistributionfeaturesalocalminimumbetweenthefirstpartoftheshearlayerandaregioninsidetherecirculationregion.Thisimpliesamorecomplexwakedynamicsthanassumedbefore.
简介:Glowdischargeisintroducedasanartificialdisturbancetoinvestigatetheevolutionoffirst-andsecond-modeinstabilitiesinahypersonicflatplateboundarylayer.ExperimentsareconductedinaMach6.5quietwindtunnelusingRayleighscatteringvisualizationandparticleimagevelocimetry(PIV).Detailedanalysisoftheexperimentalobservationsisprovided.Itisfoundthattheartificiallyintroduced17kHzdisturbance,whichbelongstothefirst-modefrequencyband,caneffectivelyenhancefirst-modewaves.Moreover,itcanenhancesecond-modewavesevenmoreintensely.Possiblemechanismstoexplainthisphenomenonarediscussed.
简介:Tocleanoutthesmearlayeronteethsurface,andprotecttheteethmedulla,theexperimentappliedthestudyobservingthecleanupofsixgroupsofsurfacesmearlayerofdentalcariesandthetubuleplugsreservingeffectafterusingofdifferentcavitycleanserswiththehelpofSEM.Theresultimpliedthatboththeacidicpreparationsandchelatorcouldcleanoutthesmearlayeron.teethsurfaceinsomeway,butthelateronecouldalsoreservepartialtubuleplugs,whichreducethestimulationtotheteethmedulla.Sothechelatorisbettercleansersinclinicaluse.
简介:Theworldeconomywassuffereddramaticallyin2008,becauseofthefinan-cialturnaoil.Itispredictedthatinthenextyears,Chinaeconomicgrowthwillslowdown,and2009wouldnotbethebottom,buttheeconomyfunda-mentalisstillhealthy.Asoft'U'turncanbeexpectedinthefuture.Macro-economyTwoofChinaeconomicgrowthpillarengines,exportsectorandreal-estateindustryhavebeensignificantlyinfluencedbytheglobalfinancialcrisis,trendsofthistwosectorsshowthatChinacouldnotbeanexceptioninthiseconomictur-moil.Theglobaleconomicturmoilhasasignificantnegativeimpactontheexportgrowth,anddomesticimportsalsoslowdownsincedomesticdemandhasbeenweaken,(SeeChart1)Asoneofthepillarindustry,realestateindustrysufferedalotundernationaldeclinelastyear,withanationalaveragedropof4.7percentonhousingprice.(SeeChart2)Domesticfixed-assetinvestmentgrowthhasalsosloweddown.Chinabusinesscyclesignalindexshowsthatthemacro-economicshasbeenslowingdown,andaccordingtothehistoryofChina'seconomy,thisdownturnwouldlastatleast3years,2009wouldnotbethecyclebottom.(SeeChart3)Thebusinesscyclesignalindexisdecliningfrom117.3inMayto94.7inOcto-ber,thefirsttimetodropunder100from1992,meaningthemacroeconomichasbeenslowingdown,butisstillinthestablezonesofar.LookingbackatthehistoryoverChina'spast30years,economicgrowthcycli-caldownturnwouldlastatleast3years.StandardCharteredBank'slatestreportreducedChinaGDPforecastfor2008to9.6percent,apoor7.9percentin2009,andevenlowerat7.1percentfor2010.(SeeChart4)ChinaisbelievedtobeshieldedfromchaoslikeUS,andfinancialwoeshavelimitedimpactonChina.Thecountryhadrichresourcereserves,greatmarketpo-tential,vigorousenterprisesandthegovernmenthadstrongmacro-controlabilities.Themajorindicatorsareinhealthycondition,whichcanhelpChinagovernmenttofighttheeconomyturmoilin2009.
简介:TheRepublicPartywoncomprehensivevictoryinthe2004U.S.generalelection.Notonlydiditkeeppresidency,expandseatsintheSenateandtheHouseofRepresentatives,italsoachievedcertainprogressingovernors'elections.ThevictoryinelectionbytheRepublicPartyreflectsthefactthatAmericasocietypaysutmostconcerntosecurityandthemainstreamofthetrendofthoughtisconservative.
简介:ThemaincauseofBush'ssuccessintheelectionandbeingre-electedPresidentisthattheRepublicansanditsconservatistideologyprevailsinAmerica.U.S.presidentialelectioniscontentionbetweenthecandidatesinpersonalcapacity,morality,experience,wealthandfamilyaswellascontentionbetweenthetwoparties.In2004election,BushisnotadvantageoustoKerryinpersonalfactors,butinthepartyitself.TheRepublicanshaveobviousadvantagestotheDemocraticParty.Themajorsourceoftheadvantagescomefromconservatistideology.