简介：ＧＩＮＧＫＯＴＥＣＨＮＩＣＡＬＡＳＳＯＣＩＡＴＩＯＮＴｈｅＦｉｒｓｔＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＮｏｎ－ＴｉｍｂｅｒＦｏｒｅｓｔＰｒｏｄｕｃｔｓＴｅｃｈｎｉｃａｌＡｓｓｏｃｉａｔｉｏｎＢｙＭｅｎｇＹｏｎｇｑｉｎｇ；ＧａｏＦａｑｕａｎＴｈｅＦｉｒｓｔＣｈｉｎｅｓｅｎ...

简介：Background:Theglobaldecreaseinwildlifepopulations,especiallybirds,ismainlyduetolandusechangeandincreasingintensityoflanduse(ParmesanandYohe2003).However,impactsofmanagementtoolstomitigatebiodiversitylossatregionalandglobalscalesarelessapparentinforestregionsthathaveaconstantforestarea,andwhichdidnotsufferfromhabitatdegradation,andwhereforestsaresustainablymanaged,suchasinCentralEuropeorthenortheasternUSA.AbiodiversityassessmentforGermanysuggested,forexample,thatbirdpopulationswereconstant(BundesamtfürNaturschutz2015).Results:Thisstudyshowsthatchangesintheenvironmentandinforestmanagementoverthepast45yearshavehadasignificant,positiveeffectontheabundanceofnon-migratoryforestbirdspeciesinCentralEurope.Economy(timberpricesandGDP),forestmanagement(timberharvestandmixedforestarea),andenvironmentalfactors(atmosphericCO2concentrationandnitrogendeposition)wereinvestigatedtogetherwithchangesinabundancesofmigratoryandnon-migratoryforestbirdsusingpartialleastsquarespathmodeling.Climatechange,resultinginlongerseasonsandmilderwinters,andforestmanagement,promotingtreediversity,weresignificantlypositivelyrelatedtotheabundanceofnon-migratoryforestbirdsandexplained92%ofthevariationintheirabundanceinEurope.Regionally-migratingforestbirdshadstablepopulationswithlargevariation,whilebirdsmigratingacrosscontinentsdeclinedinrecentdecades,suggestingsignificant,contrastingchangesinbirdpopulationsinEurope.InnortheasternNorthAmericawealsofoundevidencethatnon-migratoryforestshaveexperiencedlong-termincreasesinabundance,andthisincreasewasrelatedtomanagement.TheincreaseofpopulationsofnonmigratoryforestbirdsinEuropeandNorthAmericaisassociatedwithanincreaseinstructuraldiversityanddisturbancesatthelandscapelevel.Conclusions:Ourresultssuggestthatreportsaboutbirddecline