简介：LarixolgensisA.Henry(Changbailarch)isaproductivecommercialspeciesandgoodcandidateforafforestationinnortheastChina.Itiswidelyplantedinlead-stressedsoilswhichcaninduceoxidativedamageinthisplant.Increasingtolerancetolead(Pb)stressisthereforeofkeeninterest.Agreenhouseexperimentwasconductedtoidentifythebiomass,physiologicalresponsesandPbaccumulationofL.olgensisseedlingstoPbstressundersuccinicacid(SA)applicationandtoexploretheinteractionofexogenousSAapplicationsandstressresistance.L.olgensisseedlingswereplantedinPb-stressedorunstressedhapliccambisolsinpots.InPb-contaminatedsoilstheseedlingsweretreateddailywithconcentrationsofSAsolutionsatarateapproximatelyequivalentto0,0.04,0.2,1.0,or2.0mmolkg-1ofsoilfor10,20,and30days,respectively.Pbtreatmentinduceddamageintheseedlingsandledtotheinhibitionofbiomassaccumulationinroots,stemsandleaves,andariseinPbaccumulationinfinerootsandleaves.Malondialdehyde(MDA)contentandelectrolyteleakageinleavessignificantlyincreasedwhileperoxidase(POD)activities,solubleproteinandphotosyntheticpigmentcontentsinleaveswereallreduced.PhysiologicaltoxicitywaspromotedwithincreasingPbtreatmenttimes.WhenPb-stressedseedlingswereexposedtoSA(especially10.0mmolL-1over20days),thephysiologicalresponsesforPb-onlywerereversedandthebiomassofroots,stems,andleavesdramaticallyincreased.SAfacilitatedPbuptakeinfinerootsandleavesbutmorePbaccumulatedinfineroots.TheresultsdemonstratethatexogenousSAalleviatesPb-inducedoxidativeinjuriesandimprovesthetoleranceofL.olgensisseedlingstoPbstress.

简介：APoissonregressionmodelandanegativebinomialregressionmodel(NBmodel)areoftenusedinareassuchasmedicineandeconomy,butrarelyinthedomesticforestrysector,especiallyintheforestfireforecasting.BasedonthedataofforestfireoccurrencesinDaxing’anlingregionin1980-2005,thispaperprofoundlyanalyzestheapplicationconditionsandtestmethodsofthetwomodels.TheAICmethodwasusedtocheckthefittinglevelofthemodelsandthecapabilityofthemodelsforforecastingforestfireswasdiscussed.ThisstudyprovidednecessarytheoreticalbasisanddatasupportfortheapplicationofthetwomodelsinthefieldofforestryinChina.

简介：Glyphosateistheherbicidemostextensivelyusedforsitepreparationandconiferrelease.Itisabroadspectrumherbicideandthereforecropsafetyisacriticalissue.Thisstudyassessedtheearlyeffectsof14differenttreatments,includingnoweedcontrol,manualweedcontrol,and12foliar-appliedherbicidetreatmentsatlow,intermediate,high,andhighestapplicationratesandapplicationtimingonglyphosatephytotoxicityofcontainerizedseedlingsofAustrianpine(PinusnigraJ.F.Arnold.),Scotspine(P.sylvestrisL.)andmaritimepine(P.pinasterAiton),coniferspecieswidelyusedforafforestationandsupplementaryplantingsinTurkishforestry.Ingeneral,Scotspineseedlingsweretoleranttoglyphosatecomparedtotheotherspecies.Glyphosatephytotoxicityvariedsignificantlyaccordingtothetimeandrateofapplication.SeedlingswererelativelytoleranttoglyphosateinAprilwhereastheywereintolerantinMay.Thehighestherbiciderate(1.2%v:v)wasconsistentlyphytotoxictoallspecies.Moreover,theeffectofherbiciderateonseedlingsurvivalandgrowthvariedsignificantlyaccordingtoapplicationdate(i.e.,applicationrate9dateinteraction).Seedlingsappearedtoleranttoglyphosateatlowandintermediaterates(0.2,0.4%v:v)betweenmidspringandmid-summer,whereastheydemonstratedsignificantsensitivitytothehighestrateacrossalltimeperiods.Glyphosateatthehighrate(0.8%v:v)wasparticularlymorephytotoxicwhenappliedinMay.Applicationofglyphosateatratesupto0.8%couldberecommendedforweedcontrolwithoutsignificantpinedamageinmidspringwhentheneedlespresumablyhaveadenseleafepicuticularwaxlayerlimitingherbicidepenetration.Applicationsof0.8and1.2%v:varenotrecommendedduringMay–June.

简介：对土地资源及其综合生产潜力的评价，在于阐明特定时空土地资源的性质、特点、生产潜力和利用价值的水平，为合理利用土地、充分挖掘生产潜力提供科学依据；对于地形起伏大、生态环境脆弱、土地类型丰富，但总体质量偏低的北京石质山区的进一步治理、规划和建设来说，显得尤为重要，亦有着鲜明的实际意义．该文在分析土地评价概念的基础上，界定了土地综合生产潜力的内涵，利用模糊数学、统计学、系统分析等手段，采用定性和定量分析相结合的方法，结合北京石质山区特定时空上土地单元的自然及社会属性，对土地综合生产潜力评价指标选取的基本条件、构建指标体系的基本原则和方法等加以探讨，提出了土地综合生产潜力评价模型，并应用于密云水库上游黄峪口小流域，得到理想效果．

简介：Timedomainreflectometry(TDR)isahighlyaccurateandautomaticmethodfordeterminationofporousmediawatercontentandelectricalconductivity.ThispaperfocusesonthebasicprincipleofTDRtechnologyanditsapplicationinCaijiachuanwatershed,theLoessPlateau,China,thecompositionandstructureofasetofTDR-TRIME.Theinstallation,measurementandcalibrationofTRIME-TDRintheLoessPlateauhasbeenintroduced.ThefactorsthatcaninfluencetheveracityofthemeasurementbyTDRhavealsobeenanalyzedinthearticle.

简介：Background:Overthelastdecadesinteresthasgrownonhowclimatechangeimpactsforestresources.However,oneofthemainconstraintsisthatmeteorologicalstationsarefiddledwithmissingclimaticdata.Thisstudycomparedfiveapproachesforestimatingmonthlyprecipitationrecords:inversedistanceweighting(IDW),amodificationofIDWthatincludeselevationdifferencesbetweentargetandneighboringstations(IDWm),correlationcoefficientweighting(CCW),multiplelinearregression(MLR)andartificialneuralnetworks(ANN).Methods:Acompleteseriesofmonthlyprecipitationrecords(199.5-2012)fromtwentymeteorologicalstationslocatedincentralChilewereused.Twotargetstationswereselectedandtheirneighboringstations,locatedwithinaradiusof25km(3stations)and50km(9stations),wereidentified.Cross-validationwasusedforevaluatingtheaccuracyoftheestimationapproaches.Theperformanceandpredictivecapabilityoftheapproacheswereevaluatedusingtheratiooftherootmeansquareerrortothestandarddeviationofmeasureddata(RSR),thepercentbias(PBIAS),andtheNash-Sutcliffeefficiency(NSE).Fortestingthemainandinteractiveeffectsoftheradiusofinfluenceandestimationapproaches,atwo-levelfactorialdesignconsideringthetargetstationastheblockingfactorwasused.Results:ANNandMLRshowedthebeststatisticsforallthestationsandradiusofinfluence.However,theseapproacheswerenotsignificantlydifferentwithIDWm.InclusionofelevationdifferencesintoIDWsignificantlyimprovedIDWmestimates.Intermsofprecision,similarestimateswereobtainedwhenapplyingANN,MLRorIDWm,andtheradiusofinfluencehadasignificantinfluenceontheirestimates,weconcludethatestimatesbasedonnineneighboringstationslocatedwithinaradiusof50kmareneededforcompletingmissingmonthlyprecipitationdatainregionswithcomplextopography.Conclusions:ItisconcludedthatapproachesbasedonANN,MLRandIDWmhadthebestperformanceintwosectorslocatedinso

简介：Background:Replacementoffossilfuelbasedenergywithbiochar-basedbioenergyproductioncanhelpreducegreenhousegasemissionswhilemitigatingtheadverseimpactsofclimatechangeandglobalwarming.However,theproductionofbiochar-basedbioenergydependsonasustainablesupplyofbiomass.Although,NorthwesternOntariohasarichandsustainablesupplyofwoodybiomass,acomprehensivelifecyclecostandeconomicassessmentofbiochar-basedbioenergyproductiontechnologyhasnotbeendonesofarintheregion.Methods:Inthispaper,weconductedathoroughlifecyclecostassessment(LCCA)ofbiochar-basedbioenergyproductionanditslandapplicationunderfourdifferentscenarios:1)biocharproductionwithlowfeedstockavailability;2)biocharproductionwithhighfeedstockavailability;3)biocharproductionwithlowfeedstockavailabilityanditslandapplication;and4)biocharproductionwithhighfeedstockavailabilityanditslandapplication-usingSimaPro~,EIOLCA~softwareandspreadsheetmodeling.BasedontheLCCAresults,wefurtherconductedaneconomicassessmentforthebreak-evenandviabilityofthistechnologyovertheprojectperiod.Results:Itwasfoundthattheeconomicviabilityofbiochar-basedbioenergyproductionsystemwithinthelifecycleanalysissystemboundarybasedonstudyassumptionsisdirectlydependentoncostsofpyrolysis,feedstockprocessing(drying,grindingandpelletization)andcollectiononsiteandthevalueoftotalcarbonoffsetprovidedbythesystem.SensitivityanalysisoftransportationdistanceanddifferentvaluesofCoffsetshowedthatthesystemisprofitableincaseofhighbiomassavailabilitywithin200kmandwhenthecostofcarbonsequestrationexceedsCAD$60pertonneofequivalentcarbon(CO_2e).Conclusions:Biochar-basedbioenergysystemiseconomicallyviablewhenlifecyclecostsandenvironmentalassumptionsareaccountedfor.Thisstudyprovidesamediumscaleslow-pyrolysisplantscenarioandwerecommendsimilarexperimentswithlarge-scale

简介：Allometric方程为喇嘛森林发展了，在南部的Benin定位了，韦斯特非洲，被使用估计三种植被类型的碳股票：没受到干扰的森林，降级的森林，和休闲。没受到干扰的森林的碳存货在休闲比那高在降级的森林和3.4次里比那高2.7倍。森林的结构建议单个种类通常在更低的直径班上被集中。碳存货断然与树密度有关被相关到基础区域并且否定地，建议在更高的直径班上的树显著地作出贡献到全部的碳股票。学习证明大树组成一个重要部件在采样途径包括在林地完成精确的碳quantification。从把超过30%喇嘛森林变换成在1946和1987每年等于260,563.17大量碳的年之间的农田的采伐森林的历史的排出物(为生物资源水池的t公司2/year)仅仅。学习解释了生物资源模型和地面真相数据的应用程序估计森林的引用碳存货。