简介：EngineeringexcavationGIS(E2GIS)isareal-3DGISservingforgeosciencesrelatedtogeo-engineering,civilengineeringandminingengineeringbasedongeneralizedtri-prism(GTP)model.AstwoinstancesofGTPmodel,G-GTPisusedforthereal-3Dmodelingofsubsurfacegeologicalbodies,andE-GTPisusedforthereal-3Dmodelingofsubsurfaceengineeringexcavations.InthelightofthediscussionsonthefeaturesandfunctionsofE2GIS,themodelingprinciplesofG-GTPandE-GTPareintroduced.Thetwomodelscoupletogetherseamlesslytoformanintegralmodelforsubsurfacespatialobjectsincludingbothgeologicalbodiesandexcavations.Anobject-orientedintegralreal-3Ddatamodelandintegralspatialtopologicalrelationsarediscussed.

简介：Apracticalmethodforvisualizingfloodareaandevaluatingdamageispresented,whichconsistsoftwotechnicalapproaches:self-programmingandadaptingcommercialGISplatforms.Thelow-costandeasy-to-useGIS-Basedmodeldevelopedbyself-programmingcanmeetcurrentrequirementsofmostlocalauthorities,especiallyindevelopingcountries.Inthismodel,twocases,non-sourcefloodandsourceflood,aredistinguishedandtheSeed-spreadalgorithmsuitableforsource-floodisdiscussed;Theflooddamageisassessedbyoverlayingthefloodarearangewiththematicmapsandotherrelatedsocialandeconomicdata.andallthematicmapsareconvertedtorasterformatbeforeoverlayanalysis.Twomeasuresaretakentoimprovetheoperationefficiencyofspeedseed-spreadalgorithm.TheaccuracyofthemodelmainlydependsontheresolutionandprecisionoftheDEMdata,andtheaccuracyofregisteringallrasterlayersandthequalityofattributedata.

简介：Thelinecartographicsymbollocatedontheboundaryandthepointcartographicsymbollocatedbysinglepointarethemainbodyandstressofthemap.Thecartographicsymbolsaredividedintopoint,lineandareasymbolincartographyandtraditionaleducationalbooks,butuptonowthereisonlyqualitativedescriptionaboutthethreekindsofsymbols,therearenotthemathematicaldefinitionsofpoint,lineandareasymbols.Thispapertriestosolvetheproblem.Theauthorsproposethemathematicaldefinitionaboutpoint,lineandareacartographicsymbolaccordingtothetheoryoftopologyandexpoundtheirdependencerelation.

简介：排水量操作员是一重要、静止在地图归纳的一个热话题。在归纳产品，符号一定不含糊、容易察觉、容易地听说，它在特征之中做空格竞争在地图的进程的一个重要障碍反对排水量。通过繁殖过程，在目标之间的空间冲突可以被散布，更多的目标可以漂流进它。为了维持符号，在符号的对象，一些不重要的符号或部分之间的平衡和空间关系应该根据视觉图形的分辨率阀值在限制下面被弄歪在地图特征之中弄明白空格竞争。包括位置，易读性和特征的三限制为符号平衡和空间关系的维护是重要的，它在这篇论文被讨论。骨骼被介绍表示区域目标考虑特征，一个区域目标能在被分开到在构造根据他们的重要性分开教主的联盟者。然后，有限元素方法被用于地图目标的排水量和失真，为有限元素方法的参数的策略在被讨论。

简介：ABSTRACT　AGISisproposedasatoolforthemanagingplanfortheAntarcticspeciallymanagedarea(ASMA)inAdmiraltyBay.TheASMAcomprisestheareaconsideredtobewithintheglacialdrainagebasinofthebay.Furthermore,itincludespartofSSSINo.8adjacenttotheareabutoutsideoftheglacialdrainagebasin.Threestationsandsixrefugesarelocatedinthearea.UsingaSPOTsatelliteimagemap,thelimitsoftheASMAaremarkedanditsareaisre_calculated.Itconsistsof362km2,including186km2islandicefieldandsmallcirqueglaciersand32km2ice_freefield.Therestcompriseswaterofthebayandasmalladjacentarea(8km2)oftheBransfieldStrait.TheASMA_GISwillconsistsof12datalayersrangingfromthephysiographicsettingstothebiologicalandadministrativefeatures.AlldatawillbeimplementedintoArc/InfoGISaccordingtothecartographicguidelinesoftheSCARWG_GGI.First,fiveplansofinformationwillberealisedusingatopographicdatabasecompiledfromvarioussourcesanddatafromtherevisedbathymetricchartpublishedbytheBrazilianNavyHydrographicSurveyandalsoincluding:1)LimitsoftheASMAandprotectedareas;2)Glaciologicalfeatures(e.g.drainagebasinlimits)and3)Humanpresence(e.g.stationsandhistoricalsites).ThesebasicGISlayerswillbeoperationalinearly2001.Then,additionaldataontheremaininglayers(e.g.hydrology,geologyandgeomorphology)willbeincludedfrompublishedsources.TheASMA_GISwillformanimportantdatabaseforenvironmentalmonitoringandstudiessurveyingtemporalchangesoffeaturessuchasglacierfrontpositionsorbirdbreadingsites.

简介：ThispaperdiscussestheplacementofChineseannotationfrompointofviewofgraphics.AreaFeatureisclassifiedassimplepolygon,complexpolygonandspecialpolygon.Forsimpleones,annotationsareplacedalongthelongestedge.Forcomplexones,firstlythepolygonaresimplifiedaccordingtoclosepoints,thenthelongestdiagonalisgottenbycomparinglength,lastly,annotationsareplacedalonglong-diagonal.Forspecialones,thepolygonarepartitionedintoseveralpartsbyacertainruleforgettingtheirsub-diagonals,thentheirannotationareplacedbymeansofthesecond.

简介：CombiningthedenseGPSandgravityobservationdatainSichuan-Yunnanarea,wheretherearetherelativelycompleteactivetectoniczonesandseismicdata,thispaperappliesthegeodesyandgeophysicalinversiontechniqueandtheadvancednumericalsimulationtothesynthesisstudyofgeodesyinversiontofindthedynamicprocessoftectonicmovementanddeformationintheareaandfinallytoinvestigatethekinematicscharacteristicofthegeologicalstructureofdifferentlayeranddifferentscale.Thispaperdiscussesthekinematics,dynamicsmodelaboutthecrustalmovementofactiveblocksinSichuan-Yunnanareaanditsadjacentareas.

简介：高分辨率的超图象(HHR)提供详细说明的两个为城市的学习的结构、光谱的信息。然而，由于固有的关联在之间光谱在数据的乐队和在内班可变性，HHR处理的数据是一个挑战性的工作。在这糊，基于光谱混合分析理论，部分描述特征的新栈与形态学的栈被提取，然后合并基于的空间特征。部分监督的抑制精力最小化(CEM)和无指导的nonnegative矩阵因式分解(NMF)被用来提取部分特征。联合特征当时由SVM分类器是综合的。这个方法的优点是由部分特征和由形态学侧面的多尺度的结构信息的表演的城市的区域的物理作文的表示。有在华盛顿特区广场上的在空中的超数据flightline的实验被执行，并且建议算法的性能与著名nonparametric比较被评估加权的特征抽取(NWFE)和特征选择方法。显示出的结果建议特征关节计划一致地超过传统的方法，并且能那么为在城市的区域处理HHR数据提供一种有效选择。