简介:Theworldhasbecomehighlydependentonreliablerefrigerationtechnology.Withoutit,ourfoodsupplywouldbestillseasonalandlimitedtolocallyproducednonperishableitems;comfortablelivingconditionsviaclimatecontrolwouldbeimpossible;andcertainmedicaladvancements,e.g.MRIdiagnostics,organtransplantation,organandtissuecryo-storage,andcryo-surgerywouldbeimpossible.
简介:Ininversemicroemulsion,rareearthferrite/polyacrylamidemagneticmicrospherewerepreparedandtheirmagneticresponsibilitywerestudiedbymagneticbalance.Resultsindicatethatthemagneticresponsibilityofmicrosphererelatestomagneticmomentofrareearthion,anditcanbeimprovedbytheadditionofdysprosiumionofhighmagneticmoment.Dysprosiumcontenthasaneffectonmagneticresponsibilityofdysprosiumferrite/polyacrylamidemagneticmicrosphere.ThemicrospheredisplaysstrongmagneticresponsibilitywhenthemolarratioofDy3+/ironis0.20.
简介:ThepolycrystallinesamplesofLa2/3Ca1/3MnO3werepreparedbyaconventionalsolidstatereactionmethod.Themagnetizations(ZFC,FCandinitialmagnetization)ofthepolycrystallineLa2/3Ca1/3MnO3weremeasuredwithsuperconductingquantuminterferencedevicemagnetometer.Thescalingtheorywasemployedtostudythechangesofcriticalbehaviorarisingfromtheappliedexternalfield.Thecriticalparameterβdecreaseswithincreasingtheexternalmagneticfieldresultsinanincreaseinthemagnitudeofferromagneticordering.
简介:Thisstudyexploresreasonsfortherandomoccurrenceofstampingcracksduringtheproductionofpureironmagneticshieldingcovers.Scanningelectronmicroscopyandenergyspectrumareusedtoobservecrackswithinparts,andresultsshowsignificantbrittlefracturemorphologywithchunksofmanganesesilicateandaluminumsilicateinclusionspresentinthefracturesurface.Thechemicalcomposition,mechanicalproperties,andmicrostructurearealsoanalyzedforacorrespondingbatchofcoldrolledpureironsheet.Theoxygencontentofthematerialisfoundtobehigh,resultingintherandomdistributionofalargeamountoflongchainmanganesesilicateandaluminumsilicateinclusionsalongtherollingdirection,whichcorrespondstoinclusionsfoundonthefracturedsurface.Thestampingcracksarethusassumedtobecausedbytherandomlydistributedchainofinclusionswithinthecoldrolledsheet.Itissuggestedthattheamountofdeoxidizerusedshouldbemorecarefullycontrolledtodecreasetheinclusioncontentsandtothusavoidtherecurrenceofsuchdefects.
简介:ThestructureandintrinsicmagneticpropertiesofRFeM(M=VorTi),type1:12,havebeenstudiedbymagneticmeasurementandX-raydiffraction.Theyarebody-centeredtetragonalThMn12structure.Thechangesofcrystallatticeconstantscoincidewiththatoftheirelementradii.Curietemperatureisdecidedmainlybytheexchangeinteractionsof3d-3dand3d-4fatompairs.Thedataobtainedbymean-fieldapproximationagreewellwithexperimentalvalues.ThemagneticmomentcouplinginthesecompoundsforLREisferromagnetic,andforHREisantiferromagnetic.Atlowtemperature,anisotropyfieldisdecidedbyREsublattice.Inthispaper,theinfluenceofmagneticpropertiesofcobaltandnickelreplacingironhasalsobeenstudied.
简介:Intheproductionofpipesbyhotextrusionmethod,billetsshouldbeheatedtoacertaintemperaturebeforehotextrusionbyinductionheating.ThesegmentedlinersintheinductionfurnacecanpossiblyaffectthecircumferentialJouleheatgeneration,thusleadingtoanuneventemperaturefield.Thecommonlyusedmagneticfluxconcentrators(MFC)canincreasethetemperatureonbothendsofthebillet.Inthispaper,thepossibleeffectoflinersandthefactorsaffectingtheutilizationoftheMFC,includingthepermeability,dimensionandposition,areallnumericallystudiedanddetermined.
简介:Aseriesofnanocompositethinfilms,composedofNd2Fe14Bandα-Fe,hasbeenpreparedbyDC-magnetronsputteringcombinedionbeamsputteringontoSi(100)substrates.Theeffectsofpostannealingonthemicrostructureandmagneticpropertiesof[NdFeB/α-Fe/NdFeB]-typethinfilmshavebeeninvestigated.TheX-raydiffraction(XRD)studyshowedthatannealingofthefilmsfor30minattemperatures550,600,650,700℃resultedintheappearanceofdiffractionpeaks,characteristicforNd2Fe14Btetragonalstructure,α-FeandNd2O3phases.TheinvestigationusingtheVibratingSampleMagnetometer(VSM)withamaximumappliedfieldof2Tindicatedthatwiththeincreaseoftheannealingtemperature,themagneticpropertiesofthemultilayerfilmswereimprovedandreachedpeakvalueat650℃(Hci=41.72kA·m-1,Mr/Ms=0.4,(BH)max=30.35kJ·m-3),afterwhichthemagneticpropertiesweredecreasedgreatly.Alongwiththeincreaseofthethicknessofα-FelayerfromTα-Fe>16nm,thecoercivityHci,saturationmagnetizationMs,andremanenceratioMr/Msalldeclined.AstheAtomicForceMicroscope(AFM)indicated,afterbeingannealedat650℃for30min,thesamplewasshowedfinesurfacemorphologywithgrainsize60nm≤dα-Fe≤80nmand100nm≤dNdFeB≤150nm.
简介:ThemeasurementsoftemperaturedependenceofthemagneticsusceptibilityofLa1-xSrxCoO3perovskiteoxidesatdifferentSrdoping(0≤x≤0.5)andannealingtemperaturewerepresented.Forthesamplewithx=0.1,ashoulderwasobservedaround150K,andapeakwhichisonefeatureofspinglassappearedaround50Kinthecurveofsusceptibilityversustemperature.Thehigh-temperature(250~420K)susceptibilityfitswellwithCurie-Weisslawforallsamples.WeissconstantandeffectivemagneticmomentweredeterminedandtheirvariationswithSrdopingandoxygenannealingconditionwereobtained.TheWeissconstantincreasesmonotonouslywithSrcontentforx>0.2.Thevaluesofeffectivemomentswereinterpretedwiththespinstateofcobaltions.Studiesonthesusceptibilitiesofthesampleswithx=0.2underdifferentpreparationtemperaturesandannealingtemperaturesshowthattherisingofsinteringtemperatureandannealingtemperaturewillincreasethepara-ferromagnetictransitiontemperature,andreducetheeffectivemomenttonormalvalue.OurresultshowsthatbothCo3+andCo4+ionsshouldbeinISstateafterannealingandtheoxygenannealingcausesthetransitionofCo3+spinstatefromHStoIS.
简介:在这份报纸,有石墨(C)或碳nanotubes(CNT)的增加的SmCo6.9Hf0.1当演员组合金和带子被融化的弧和融化旋转分别地准备。补充说结构和磁性SmCo6.9Hf0.1上的碳借助于X光检查衍射(XRD)被调查的效果,扫描电子显微镜学(SEM),传播电子显微镜学(TEM),磁性的力量显微镜学(MFM)和颤动的样品磁强计(VSM)。尽管他们的水晶结构作为一样的Sm被描绘,微观结构和SmCo6.9Hf0.1带子的磁性的结构由于C或CNT的介绍显然被改变,这被发现尽管他们的水晶结构作为一样的Sm被描绘(公司,Hf)7单个阶段,不管碳被增加。作为结果,包含碳的带子的磁性在某个度被提高。这被认为与精制equiaxed谷物,小领域尺寸和C或CNTs富有的区域的卡住的效果有关。SmCo6.9Hf0.1(CNT)的磁性0.05条带子到达了Hc=12.5kOe,Mr=57.0emu/g和Mr/M2T=0.788。
简介:InordertoimproveandstabilizethemagneticpropertiesofnanocompositeNd2Fe14B/α-Femagneticalloysbyacompositionaladjustment,smallamountofDyand/orCowasaddedtoNd9Fe84B7alloys.DTAanalysisontheamorphousofthealloystookplaceasthesoftmagneticphaseswerecrystallized,andthenthehardmagneticNd2Fe14Bwasprecipitatedfromthem.Whileα-Feandametastable1:7(TbCu7-type)phasewereformedsimultaneouslyinDyandCo-freealloys,theywerecrystallizedseparatelyatdifferenttemperaturesafterDyorCowasadded.ThisphaseseparationoccurredmoreclearlyintheDy-treatedalloysandtheothersoftmagneticphaseFe3BwasalsostabilizedbyDyand/orCo.The1:7phasethatwasstabilizedbyDyand/orCowasnoteliminatedat700℃,decreasingmagneticpropertiesofthealloys.Itwaseventuallydisappearedabove725℃,butFe3Bwasnoteliminatedevenat750℃whenDywasaddedmorethan0.5at%orCowasaddedmorethan2.0at%.AmountofNd2Fe14BinthealloystendedtoincreaseasDyadditionincreased,whereasCoadditiondidnotleadtoanyappreciablechangeintheratioofα-FeandNd2Fe14B.Moreover,DyadditionapparentlyincreasedcoercivityofanalloywhileCoadditionhadabeneficialeffectonremanence.ThegrainsintheDytreatedalloyswereusuallyfinerthanthoseintheCo-treatedalloys.Thegrainsizeofbothα-FeandNd2Fe14Binthealloysexhibitingmr≥0.72wasintherangeof20~40nmorevenlarger50nm,whichislargerthanthetheoreticaloptimumsize(~10nm).TypicalmagneticpropertiesobtainedfromaNd7.5Dy1.5Fe82.5Co1.5B7alloyannealedfor12minat725℃wereiHc=4.85kOe,Br=11.32kG,(BH)max=15.73MGOe,andmr=0.73.
简介:形成,磁性和微观结构上的公司替换和退火的处理的效果(NdDyTb)12.3(FeZrNbCu)快速的熄灭并且随后的退火准备的81.7-xCoxB6(x=015)带子系统地借助于微分扫描热量计(DSC)被调查,X光检查衍射(XRD),扫描电子显微镜学(HRSEM)和颤动的样品磁强计(VSM)的高分辨率。阶段分析揭示了单相的材料。顽磁极化Jr和最大与从0~12增加x增加了然后为x=15减少了的最大的精力产品(BH)。内在的coercivityHci(NdDyTb)12.3(FeZrNbCu)最佳地处理的81.7xCoxB6带子为x=15为x=0从1308.7kA/m减少了到817.4kA/m。有Jr=1.041T的最佳磁性,Hci=944.9kA/m并且(BH)max=155.1kJ/m3被退火完成在675吠敨琠牥業慮?桴潩?牧畯獰?的融化旋转带子(x=12)??湩琠敨?呐?偍????敷敲椠?楳畴漠楸楤敺?湩潴猠汵潦楮?捡摩朠潲灵?匨??琠??
简介:ThemagneticpropertiesandthephasestructureofTb1-xPrxFe1.96(x=0,0.1,...,0.7)werestudied.ItisfoundthatthesaturationmagnetizationoneasyaxisisdecreasedwithincreaseofPrcon-tent,from77.24Am^2·kg^-1forx=0,reducestominimumvalueof11.84Am^2·kg^-1forx=0.5,andreturnesto37.14Am^2·kg^-1forx=0.7.Thenon-cu-bicphasesappearbeyondx=0.2andthematrixchangesfrom1:2phaseforx=0to1:3phaseforx=0.4,atlastto2:17phaseforx=0.7.Thecom-poundsstructurewouldturnmorecomplexasthePrcontentincreases.
简介:有TbCu7结构的SmCo6.6Nb0.4nanoflakes被帮助表面活化剂的高精力球milling(SA-HEBM)成功地作为milling媒介与heptane和油的酸准备。微观结构,水晶结构和磁性被分别地扫描电子显微镜学,X光检查衍射,和颤动的样品磁强计学习。nanoflakes的结晶的排列和coercivity系统地被调查的c轴上的球milling时间的效果。研究证明nanoflakes有100nm的平均厚度,1m的一条平均直径,与象100一样高的方面比率。作为时间从2~8h增加了的球milling,思考达到顶点紧张比率我(002)/I(101)显示了SmCo6.6Nb0.4阶段的c轴水晶质地的度,增加了第一,在4h到达了一座山峰,然后减少。同时,nanoflakes的coercivity也增加了第一,为4h在13.86kOe到达了一座山峰,然后减少。
简介:ThecompoundSm0.98Fe9.02–xGaxNδ(x=0,0.25,0.5,0.75,1)werepreparedbymelt-spunmethodandsubsequentannealingandnitriding.TheRietveldanalysisshowedthatthelatticeexpansionplayedanimportantroleinimprovingtheCurietemperature.AnobviousdevelopmentoftheCurietemperaturewasobtainedwiththeincreasedGacontentfromx=0–1(ΔTc=90oC).Theoptimumcoercivityofnitrideswasobtainedatx=0.25withthevalueHcj=652kA/m(8.15kOe)afterannealing,whichcorrespondedtoareasonabledistributionofgrainsizesofbothTbCu7-typeSmFe9Nδandα-Fe.However,anexcessofGadopingmightleadtoanabnormalgrowthofα-Fe,whichinturndeterioratedthemagneticproperties.ItwasconcludedthatamoderateGacontentwasveryeffectiveinraisingthecoercivityandCurietemperamentintheTbCu7-typeSm-Fe-N.
简介:La公司代替了M类型钡铁酸盐(欺骗)由传统的稳固的状态被准备在低温度(1173K)的方法和sintered。X光检查衍射(XRD),扫描电子显微镜学(SEM)和颤动的样品磁强计(VSM)被采用在样品的结构和磁性上调查La公司的影响。由在为在空中的6h的1173K的sintering,有Ba(LaCo)xFe122xO19(x=0.00.5)的化学作文的单个阶段M类型钡铁酸盐被形成。M-H曲线证明钡铁酸盐的磁性被La公司替换显然完成。浸透磁化(女士)和coercivity(Hc)分别地到达了65.15Am2/kg和4165Oe的最大的价值。这行为被归因于La公司替换和粒子尺寸的地点。SEM表明铁酸盐粒子的形状被La公司替换影响。
简介:TheNd60Fe20Al8Co10B2alloywaspreparedbysuctioncastingofthemoltenalloyintoacoppermoldunderargonatmosphere.Themicro-structuralandmagneticpropertychangesintheNd60Fe20Al8Co10B2alloyduringcrystallizationwereinvestigatedbyX-raydiffraction(XRD),differentialscanningcalorimetry(DSC),scanningelectronmicroscope(SEM)andthevibratingsamplemagnetometer(VSM).TheprecipitationandNd-richandFe-richphaseshavenosignificanteffectontheintrinsiccoercitityforNd60Fe20Al8Co10B2alloyannealedbelow723K.However,thegrowthofFe-richphasedecreasesthesaturatemagnetizationandremanenceofthealloy.Thehardmagneticbehaviorisdisappearedwhenthealloyisfullycrystallized.