简介:Thispaperdiscusseshowtoimplementcommunicativelisteningortheintegrationoflisteningandspeakinginthelisteningclass.Itsuggeststhatthecurrentthree-stagepracticeinthelisteningclassshouldbemodifiedbyaligningtheobjective,theinputandthetaskforeffectivelistening/speakingintegration.Itpointsoutthat"communicativelistening"shouldmeetthelearners"communicativeneeds"anddemonstratestherelevanceofinputauthenticity,cooperativelistening,andthediscourseperspective/genreapproachforthispurpose.PracticalsuggestionsaremadewithreferencetotheGradedTestsforEnglishMajorsBand4andBand8.
简介:Thispaperpositsthedesirabilityofashifttowardsaholisticapproachoverreductionistapproachesintheunderstandingofcomplexphenomenaencounteredinscienceandengineering.Anargumentbasedonsettheoryisusedtoanalyzethreeexamplesthatillustratetheshortcomingsofthereductionistapproach.Usingthesecasesasmotivationalpoints,aholisticapproachtounderstandcomplexphenomenaisproposed,wherebythehumanbrainactsasatemplatetodoso.Recognizingtheneedtomaintainthetransparencyoftheanalysisprovidedbyreductionism,apromisingcomputationalapproachisofferedbywhichthebrainisusedasatemplateforunderstandingcomplexphenomena.Someofthedetailsofimplementingthisapproacharealsoaddressed.
简介:WhilepronunciationinstructionisgoingthroughsomerevolutionarychangeintheinternationalTESLfield,mostteachersinChinastillkeeptothetraditionalapproach,whichisbelievedtogiveprioritytothewrongaspectsofpronunciation.Thispaperaimstohelpteachersupdatetheoreticalknowledgeandbeliefsaboutpronunciationteachingand,throughareasonableintegrationofvariousfindings,searchforwaystoimprovetheeffectivenessofpronunciationteachingatthetertiarylevelinChina.
简介:Spread-sale,spreadingsalesnationwidethroughvariouschannels,asamarketingmethod,hasbeenintroducedtoChinasincetheearly1990s,andismovingtowardsstandardization.Tobringspread-saleundergovernmentsupervision,theMinistryofInternalTradedraftedtheManagementProvisionsonMultipleSpread-sale(forsolicitingopinions)in1994,aimingtostrengthenthelegalmanagementandinternalcontrolofthespread-salemarket.InAugust1994,the
简介:Steelplaysavitalroleineveryfacetofourlife.LikeDNAinourbody,steelplaysacrucialroleinthedevelopmentofanysociety.Frominfrastructure,defence,transportation,research&developmentandevenindaytodaylife,everywheresteelisused.Percapitaconsumptionofsteelistreatedasanimportantindexforthesocioeconomicdevelopmentofanycountry.Therapidandcontinuinggrowthofsteelindustryduringlastfewdecadesbearstestimonytotheindispensabilityofsteelasavitalresourceforeconomicdevelopment.Thoughsteelasaproductisecofriendly,theprocessofmakingsteelisassociatedwithlotofenergyandenvironmentalramifications.AccordingtoInternationalEnergyOutlook2009,ironandsteelindustryaccountforabout20%ofthetotalindustrialenergyconsumption.Hencethisindustrialsectorcanplayapivotalroletoinfluencetheenergyandenvironmentalscenarioofanycountry.Asaresponsiblecorporatecitizen,SteelAuthorityofIndiaLimited,thelargeststeelproducerinIndia,hastakenvariousinitiativesovertheyearstowardstheprotectionofenvironmentandreductioninenergyconsumption.Thishasresultedinthereductionofenergyconsumptionbyalmost15.45%overaperiodoflast10years.Theinitiativeisalsoevidentinthecompany’sgrowthplanwhichaimsatalmostdoublingtheproductioncapacityinthenearfuturefromtheexistinglevelof13.5Mt/a.ImplementationoftateofitleanechnologieslikeCDQ,TRT,andwasteheatrecoveryfromsinterplants,maximizingCDI&CTIinblastfurnaces,augmentationofpollutioncontroldeviceswithmoreefficientequipmentareontheanvil.Thesereaffirmourcommitmentsforcleanandsustainableenvironment.ThispapergivesanoverviewoftheeffortstakenbySAILovertheyearsforenergyconservationandenvironmentalprotectionwithspecialemphasisonafewprojectslikebyproductfuelforpowergeneration,useofenergyefficientburners,maximizingtheuseofthyristorsinplaceofmotorgenerators,cokedryquenchin
简介:TheimplementationofJapanesepost-warpoliciestowardsChinahasbeenthroughagraduallyshiftingprocess,chronologicallygoingfrompoliciesofanti-Chinasentiment,friendlycooperationandacombinationofcautionandcooperation.UnderthecontextoftheseadjustingpoliciestowardsChina,thenationalpoliticalenvironmentandtheAmericanpowerofdiscoursehavebothsignificantlyaffectedJapaneseauthorities.Atthesametime,commoneconomicinterestandcautionconcerningChina’scompetitivenesshavealwaysbeenastableconsideration.
简介:ThispaperintroducestherecentappearanceofacirculareconomyinsuchindustrializedcountriesasGermanyandJapanandoutlinesitsconceptandprinciples.Theauthoremphasizesthatacirculareconomyshouldbecomethebreakthroughpointforsustainabledevelopmentandwillenableashifttoasustainablesocietyof'doinglesswithless'awayfromthecurrenthigh-consumptionsocietyof'doingmorewithmore'
简介:<正>IwassenttwicebyCAFIUtoworkatBeijingOfficeoftheFriedrich-Ebert-Stiftung(FES)ofGermanywhenIhadthehonortogetfamiliarwithmyGermancolleagues.ThishelpedmeknowmoreaboutthenationalcharacteroftheGermanpeople.MovedbytheirfriendlysentimentstowardstheChinesepeopleandtheirdeepinterestinChin
简介:Progressesinphotovoltaictechnologiesoverthepastyearsareevidentfromthelowercosts,therisingefficiency,tothegreatimprovementsinsystemreliabilityandyield.Cumulativeinstalledpoweryearlygrowthswereonanaveragemorethan40%intheperiodfrom2007to2016andin2016,theglobalcumulativephotovoltaicpowerinstalledhasreached320GWp.Thelevel0.5TWpcouldbereachedbefore2020.Theproductionprocessesinthesolarindustrystillhavegreatpotentialforoptimizationbothwaferbasedandthinfilmtechnologies.Trendsfollowingfromthepresenttechnologylevelsarediscussed,alsotakingintoaccountotherpartsofphotovoltaicsystemsthatinfluencethecostofelectricalenergyproduced.Presentdevelopmentsinthethreegenerationsofphotovoltaicmodulesarediscussedalongwiththecriteriafortheselectionofappropriatephotovoltaicmodulemanufacturingtechnologies.Thewaferbasedcrystallinesilicon(csilicon)technologieshavetheroleofworkhorseofpresentphotovoltaicpowergeneration,representingmorethan90%oftotalmoduleproduction.Furthertechnologyimprovementshavetobeimplementedwithoutsignificantlyincreasingcostsperunit,despitethenecessarilymorecomplexmanufacturingprocessesinvolved.Thetandemofc-siliconandthinfilmcellsisverypromising.Durabilitymaybealimitingfactorofthistechnologyduetothedependenceoftheproducedelectricitycostonthemoduleservicetime.
简介:POSSIBLYnootherschoolreunionhasarousedmoreattentionorhadsuchapalpableethosofcom-mercethanthatoftheBeijingFilmInstituteclassof1978.