简介：VariationsinGuangzhou’saerosolopticalcharacteristicsandtheirpossiblecausesarestudiedagainstthelarge-scalebackgroundofSouthChinaSeasummermonsoons(SCSSM)usingaerosoldataderivedfromPanyuAtmosphericCompositionWatchStationinGuangzhouandtheNationalCentersforEnvironmentalPrediction/NationalCenterforAtmosphericResearch(USA).Thedataisreanalyzedtodevelopacompositeanalysisandperformphysicaldiagnoses.AnalysisoftheresultsshowsthataerosolextinctioninGuangzhoufirstincreasesthendecreasesduringtheactiveperiodofaSCSSM,withvariationsinthestratificationoftheplanetaryboundarylayer(PBL)andenvironmentalwindsplayingimportantrolesinaffectingGuangzhou’saerosolopticalcharacteristics.RegionaldiabaticheatingandanomalouscycloniccirculationsexcitedbymonsoonconvectioninduceenvironmentalwindanomaliesthatsignificantlymodifythestratificationofthePBL.

简介：Synopticsystemsandmicrophysicalpropertiesassociatedwithaseafogeventareanalyzedbasedonthemeasurementsofvisibility,meteorologicalelementsandfogdropletspectrumfromacomprehensivefieldcampaigninXiamen,Fujianprovinceduringspring2013.Theinfluencesofmeteorologicalelementsonthemicrostructuresoftheseafogarealsodiscussed.Theresultsshowedthatthewindspeedanddirectionchangedsuddenlyduringtheintermittentanddispersephasesoftheseafog.Liquidwatercontent,numberconcentrationandaveragediametervariedobviouslyinthedevelopment,matureanddispersephasesoftheseafog.Theburstre-enforcementofseafogwasaccompaniedbyexplosivebroadeningoffogdropletspectrum;averagediameter,numberconcentrationandliquidwatercontentincreasedsharply;andbackgroundmeteorologicalconditionsalsochangedsignificantly.Themicrostructuresfluctuatedintenselyduetochangesinturbulence,radiationandmeteorologicalconditionsatdifferentstages,includingnucleation,condensation,coagulation,andevaporation,aswellasthediscontinuityofspatialdistributionofdroplets.

简介：Basedonthedailyprecipitationandtemperaturedataof97stationsinSouthwestChina(SWChina)from1960to2009,adry-wetindexiscalculated.Thespatiotemporalvariationcharacteristicsofdry-wetconditions,precipitationandtemperaturearestudied.Thentheabnormalatmosphericcirculationcharacteristicsarediscussedusingreanalysisdata.TheresultsshowthatSWChinahasexhibitedanoveralltrendofautumnaldroughtsincethelate1980s,andthisdroughttrendbecamemoresignificantearlyinthe2000s,especiallyintheeasternSWChina.Autumnaldry-wetvariationinsouthwesternChinashowedtwomajormodes:consistentchangeacrosstheentireregionandopposingchangesintheeasternandwesternregions.Thespatialdistributionofdry-wetanomalieswasmoresignificantlyaffectedbyprecipitation,whiletemporalvariationindry-wetconditionswasmorestronglyinfluencedbytemperature.TheformermodeisaffectedbytheanomaliesoftheprecedentSSTneartheWesternPacificWarmPool,theWesternPacificSubtropicalHigh,theEastAsianTroughandtheSouthTrough.ThelattermodeisrelatedtothewindanomaliesintheeasternSWChinaandtheverticalmovementinthewesternandeasternSWChina.Thesearethemaininfluencingfactorsfortheautumndry-wetvariationinSWChina,whichareofgreatsignificancetothepredictionofdrought.

简介：Impactsofregionalseasurfacetemperature(SST)anomaliesontheinterdecadalvariationofthecross-equatorialflows(CEFs)inEasternHemispherearestudiedusingnumericalsimulationswithaglobalatmosphericcirculationmodel(NCARCAM3)drivenwith1950-2000monthlySSTsindifferentmarineareas(theglobe,extratropics,tropics,tropicalIndianOcean-Pacific,andtropicalPacific)andERA-40reanalysisdata.Resultsshowthatallsimulations,excepttheonedrivenwithextratropicalSSTs,cansimulatetheinterdecadalstrengtheningofCEFsaroundSomali,120oE,and150oEthatoccurredinthemidandlate-1970s.AmongthosesimulatedCEFs,theinterdecadalvariabilityinSomalianditsinterdecadalrelationshipwiththeEastAsiansummermonsoonareinbetteragreementwiththeobservations,suggestingthatchangesintheSSTsoftropicaloceans,especiallythetropicalPacific,playacrucialroleintheinterdecadalvariabilityofCEFsinSomali.TheinterdecadalchangeofCEFsinSomaliishighlyassociatedwiththeinterdecadalvariationoftropicalPacificSST.Astheinterdecadalwarmer(colder)SSThappensinthetropicalPacific,a'sandwich'patternofSSTanomalies,i.e.'+,-,+'('-,+,-'),willoccurintheeasterntropicalPacificfromnorthtosouthwithapairofanomalousanticyclone(cyclone)atthelowertroposphere;thepairlinkstoanotherpairofanomalouscyclone(anticyclone)inthetropicalIndianOceanthroughanatmosphericbridge,andthusstrengthens(weakens)theCEFsinSomali.

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简介：Usingreal-timedataandtheWRFmesoscalemodel,aheavyraineventintheprocessofMesoscaleConvectiveComplex(MCC)turningintobandedMesoscaleConvectiveSystems(MCSs)during18-19June2010issimulatedandanalyzedinthispaper.Theresultsindicatedthattheformationandmaintenanceofasouthwestvortexandshearlineat850hPawasthemesoscalesystemthataffectedtheproductionofthisheavyrain.Thelow-vortexheavyrainmainlyhappenedinthedevelopmentstageofMCC,andthecircularMCCturnedintobandedMCSsinthelatestagewithmainlyshearlineprecipitation.Inthevicinityofrainfallarea,theintensehorizontalvorticityduetotheverticalshearofuandvcausedtherotation,andincorrespondence,theascendingbranchoftheverticalcirculationtriggeredtheformationofheavyrain.Thedifferentdistributionsofuandvintheverticaldirectionproducedvaryingverticalcirculations.Thehorizontalvorticitynearthelow-vortexandshearlinehadobviousdifferenceswhichledtovaryingreasonsforheavyrainformation.Thelow-vortexheavyrainwasmainlycausedbytheverticalshearofv,andtheshearlinerainfallformedowingtotheverticalshearofbothuandv.Inthisprocess,theverticalshearofvconstitutedtheEW-trendingrainbandalongtheshearline,andthelatitudinalnon-uniformityoftheverticalshearinucausedtheverticalmotion,whichwascloselyrelatedtothegenerationanddevelopmentofMCSsattheshearlineandtheformationofmultiplerainclusters.Therewasalsoasimilardifferenceinthepositively-tiltingterm(conversionfromhorizontalvorticitytoverticalpositivevorticity)neartherainfallcenterbetweenthelow-vortexandtheshearline.Theconversioninthelowvortexwasmainlydeterminedbyбv/бp<0,whilethatoftheshearlinebyбu/бp<0.Thescaleoftheconversionfromthehorizontalvorticitytoverticalvorticitywasrelativelysmall,anditwaseasilyignoredintheaveragedstate.Thetwistingtermwasmainlyconducivetothereinfor

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简介：Withdailyprecipitationrecordsat586stationsinChinafor1960-2004,thisstudyinvestigatesthespatio-temporalvariationofthenumberofextremewetdays(NEWD)foreachseasoninChinaanditsrelationshipwithSSTanomaliesandassociatedatmosphericcirculationanomalypatterns,inwhichathresholdofextremeprecipitationforaseasonandastationisdefinedasthevalueofthe90thpercentilewhentheprecipitationrecordsforwetdaysduringtheseasonarerankedinanincreasingorder.ResultsshowthattherearesignificantincreasesoftheNEWDalongtheYangtzeRivervalleyduringwinterandsummer,inNorthChinaduringwinter,inSouthChinaduringspring,inNortheastChinaduringwinterandspring,andinNorthwestChinathroughouttheseasons,whilethereisaremarkabledecreaseinNorthChinaduringsummer.Besidesthelineartrend,theNEWDalsoexhibitsconsiderableinterannualandinterdecadalvariabilities.Aftereliminatingthelineartrend,theNEWDanomaliesshowdistinctseasonalpatterns.TheNEWDanomaliesarecharacterizedbya"dipole"modewithoppositephasesbetweennorthernandsouthernChinainspringandautumn,a"tri-pole"modewithoppositephasesbetweenYangtzeRivervalleyandsouthernandnorthernChinainsummer,anda"monopole"modewiththesamephaseovermostofChinainwinter.TherelationshipoftheNEWDanomaliesinChinawiththeSSTanomaliesinIndianandPacificOceansisfoundtobemainlydependentontheENSO,andassociatedatmosphericcirculationanomalypatternsfortheENSO’simpactontheNEWDinChinaareidentified.

简介：TheinterannualvariationsofrainfalloversouthwestChina(SWC)duringspringanditsrelationshipwithseasurfacetemperatureanomalies(SSTAs)inthePacificareanalyzed,basedonmonthlymeanprecipitationdatafrom26stationsinSWCbetween1961and2010,NCEP/NCARre-analysisdata,andHadleyglobalSSTdata.SensitivitytestsareconductedtoassesstheresponseofprecipitationinSWCtoSSTAsovertwokeyoceanicdomains,usingtheglobalatmosphericcirculationmodelECHAM5.TheinterannualvariationofrainfalloverSWCinspringisverysignificant.Therearestrongnegative(positive)correlationcoefficientsbetweentheanomalousprecipitationoverSWCandSSTAsovertheequatorialcentralPacific(themid-latitudePacific)duringspring.NumericalsimulationsshowthatlocalrainfallinthenorthwestoftheequatorialcentralPacificissuppressed,andasubtropicalanticyclonecirculationanomalyisproduced,whileacycloniccirculationanomalyinthemid-latitudewesternPacificoccurs,whentheequatorialPacificSSTAsareinacoldphaseinspring.AnomalousnortherlywindsappearinthenortheasternpartofSWCinthelowertroposphere.PrecipitationincreasesovertheMaritimeContinentofthewesternequatorialPacific,whileacycloniccirculationanomalyappearsinthenorthwestofthewesternequatorialPacific.AtroughovertheBayofBengalenhancesthesoutherlyflowinthesouthofSWC.ThetroughalsoenhancesthetransportofmoisturetoSWC.ThewarmmoistureintersectswithanomalouscoldairoverthenortheastofSWC,andsoprecipitationincreasesduringspring.Ontheinterannualtimescale,theimpactsofthemid-latitudePacificSSTAsonrainfallinSWCduringspringarenotsignificant,becausethemid-latitudePacificSSTAsareaffectedbytheequatorialcentralPacificSSTAs;thatis,themid-latitudePacificSSTAsareafeedbacktothecirculationanomalycausedbytheequatorialcentralPacificSSTAs.

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简介：Spatio-temporalvariationofactualevapotranspiration(ETa)inthePearlRiverbasinfrom1961to2010areanalyzedbasedondailydatafrom60nationalobservedstations.ETaiscalculatedbytheAdvection-Ariditymodel(AAmodel)inthecurrentstudy,andMann-Kendalltest(MK)andInverseDistanceWeightedinterpolationmethod(IDW)wereappliedtodetectthetrendsandspatialvariationpattern.TherelationsofETawithclimateparametersandradiation/dynamictermsareanalyzedbyPersoncorrelationmethod.Ourfindingsareshownasfollows:1)MeanannualETainthePearlRiverbasinisabout665.6mm/a.Ithassignificantlydecreasedin1961-2010atarateof-24.3mm/10a.Seasonally,negativetrendsofsummerandautumnETaarehigherthanthatofspringandwinter.2)ThevalueofETaishigherinthesoutheastcoastalareathaninthenorthwestregionofthePearlRiverbasin,whilethelatterhasshownthestrongestnegativetrend.3)NegativetrendsofETainthePearlRiverbasinaremostprobablyduetodecreasingradiationtermandincreasingdynamicterm.Thedecreaseoftheradiationtermisrelatedwithdecliningdiurnaltemperaturerangeandsunshineduration,andrisingatmosphericpressureaswell.Thecontributionofdynamictermcomesfromincreasingaveragetemperature,maximumandminimumtemperaturesinthebasin.Meanwhile,thedecreasingaveragewindspeedweakensdynamictermandfinally,toacertainextent,itslowsdownthenegativetrendoftheETa.

简介：Asthestrongestsubseasonalatmosphericvariabilityduringborealwinter,threeremarkablesuddenstratosphericmajorwarming(SSW)eventsinthe2000sareinvestigatedintermsoftheBrewer–Dobsoncirculation(BDC)response.Ourstudyshowsthatthechangesofcross-isentropicvelocityduringtheSSWsarenotonlyconfinedtothepolarregion,butalsoextendtothewholeNorthernHemisphere:enhanceddescentinthepolarregion,aswellasenhancedascentinthetropics.WhentheaccelerationofthedeepbranchoftheBDCdescendstothemiddlestratosphere,itsstrengthrapidlydecreasesoveraperiodofonetotwoweeks.TheaccelerationofthedeepbranchoftheBDCisdrivenbytheenhancedplanetarywaveactivityinthemid-to-high-latitudestratosphere.DifferentfromtherapidresponseofthedeepbranchoftheBDC,tropicalupwellinginthelowerstratosphereacceleratesupto20%–40%comparedwiththeclimatology,20–30daysaftertheonsetoftheSSWs,andtheaccelerationlastsforonetothreemonths.Theenhancementoftropicalupwellingisassociatedwiththelarge-scalewave-breakinginthesubtropicsinteractingwiththemidlatitudeandtropicalQuasi-BiennialOscillation–relatedmeanflow.

简介：Usingthe1980-2010winterGODASoceanicassimilations,studyisconductedofthewinterheatcontent(HC)establishedinthesubsurfacelayer(5to366mindepth)overthewesternPacificwarmpool(WP),followedbyinvestigatingtheHCspatiotemporalcharacteristics,persistenceandtheimpactsontheclimateanomaliesofneighboringregions.Resultsareasfollows:1)thepatternofintegralconsistencyisuncoveredbytheleadingEOF1(PC1)modeofHCinterannualvariability,theyear-to-yearfluctuationofthetimecoefficientsbeingwellindicativeoftheinterannualanomalyoftheWPwintersubsurface-layerthermalregime.TheHCvariationisboundupwithElNi觡o-SouthernOscillation,keepingpronouncedautocorrelationduringthefollowingtwoseasonsandmore,withthepersistencebeingmorestableincomparisontoseasurfacetemperatureanomalyintheequatorialmiddleeasternPacific;2)thewinterHCanomaliesproducelastingeffectontheWPthermalstateinthefollowingspringandsummerandcorrespondingchangesinthewarmwatervolumeleadtothemeridionaltransportandverticalexchangeofwarmwater,whichexertsgreaterimpactsupontheseasurfacetemperature/heatfluxoverthewarmpoolperseandneighboringregions,especiallyinthePhilippineSeaduringtheposteriorspringandsummer;3)theincreaseinthewinterHCcorrespondstothespringoutgoinglongwaveradiation(OLR)decreaseandricherprecipitationoverthewaterseasttothePhilippineSeaandtheresultantconvectiveheatinganomaliesareresponsiblefortheriseofgeopotentialisobaricsurfacesovertropicalandsubtropicalwesternNorthPacific,therebyproducingeffectonthewesternPacificsubtropicalhigh(anomaly).Subsequently,thesea-surfaceheatfluxexchangeisintensifiedinthewarmpool,arobustanomalouscycloneshowsupatlowerlevels,air-seainteractionsareenhancedandabnormalconvectiveheatingoccurs,togethermakingthewinterHCanomaliesevenmorecloselyassociatedwiththevariationinthesu

简介：基于国家中心因为环境预言(NCEP)和气候预言中心(CPC)合并了降水(CMAP)数据和CloudSat产品的分析，云性质的季节的变化，垂直出现频率，并且冰水内容阴郁东南的中国在这研究被调查。在CloudSat数据，在高或低的云模式的重要引申在东南的中国上从冬季被观察到夏天。东方亚洲夏天季风(EASM)发行量和它潮湿的运输导致有条件的不稳定性，这被发现，它在夏天有益于本地向上的运动，并且从而导致高云的增加的数量。深对流的云中心被发现与一致很好与向北方EASM前进，当触毛在传送对流中心后面稍微落后并且与流出和EASM的南方的风分叉与一致很好时。放射的加热率的分析表明丰富的夏天潮湿和更高的云在使动摇是有效的空气。而且，云热中间对流层并且云放射的加热被通过向上的运动的断热的冷却平衡，它由Sverdrup平衡引起南方的风。云强迫热的循环被观察与EASM发行量与一致很好，在EASM循环上用作积极效果。

简介：副热带的高度的山脉位置上的跨equatorial流动和它的影响的变化特征在这份报纸被分析了。它如下被显示出。(1)Somalicross赤道的流动的紧张与南部的半球的越来越强烈地在过去的44年和Northem半球交换的气流里在冬季和夏天正在增加。(2)在5月的Somalicross赤道的流动在台风季节在副热带的高度的山脉位置上有大多数影响，介绍积极关联。(3)诊断与在2005的真实状况一致。

简介：UsingtheCAM3.0model,weinvestigatedtherespectiveeffectsofaerosolconcentrationincreasinganddecadalvariationofglobalseasurfacetemperature(SST)aroundyear1976/77ontheEastAsianprecipitationinborealsummer.BydoublingtheconcentrationofthesulfateaerosolandblackcarbonaerosolseparatelyandsynchronouslyinEastAsia(100-150°E,20-50°N),theclimateeffectsoftheseaerosolsarespecificallyinvestigated.TheresultsshowthatboththedecadalSSTchangingandaerosolconcentrationincreasingcouldleadtorainfalldecreasinginthecenterofEastAsia,butincreasingintheregionsalongsoutheastcoastareasofChina.However,thedifferentpatternsofrainfalloveroceanandlowerwindfieldoverAsiancontinentbetweenaerosolexperimentsandSSTexperimentsinCAM3.0indicatethepresenceofdifferentmechanisms.Intheincreasedaerosolconcentrationexperiments,scatteringeffectisthemainclimateeffectforbothsulfateandblackcarbonaerosolsintheEasternAsiansummer.Especiallyintheincreasedsulfateaerosolconcentrationexperiment,theclimatescatteringeffectofaerosolleadstothemostsignificanttemperaturedecreasing,sinkingconvectionanomaliesanddecreasedrainfallinthetroposphereoverthecentralpartofEastAsia.However,inanincreasedblackcarbonaerosolconcentrationexperiment,weakenedsinkingconvectionanomaliesexistatthesoutherlyposition.ThisweakenedsinkinganditscompensatingrisingconvectionanomaliesinthesouthleadtotheheavyrainfalloversoutheastcoastareasofChina.Whenconcentrationsofbothsulfateandblackcarbonaerosolsincreasesynchronously,theanomalousrainfalldistributionissomewhatlikethatintheincreasedblackcarbonconcentrationaerosolexperimentbutwithlessintensity.

简介：UsingtheInternationalComprehensiveOcean-AtmosphereDataSet(ICOADS)andERA-Interimdata,spatialdistributionsofair-seatemperaturedifference(ASTD)intheSouthChinaSea(SCS)forthepast35yearsarecompared,andvariationsofspatialandtemporaldistributionsofASTDinthisregionareaddressedusingempiricalorthogonalfunctiondecompositionandwaveletanalysismethods.TheresultsindicatethatbothICOADSandERA-InterimdatacanreflectactualdistributioncharacteristicsofASTDintheSCS,butvaluesofASTDfromtheERA-InterimdataaresmallerthanthoseoftheICOADSdatainthesameregion.Inaddition,theASTDcharacteristicsfromtheERA-Interimdataarenotobviousinshore.Aseesaw-type,north-southdistributionofASTDisdominantintheSCS;i.e.,apositivepeakinthesouthisassociatedwithanegativepeakinthenorthinNovember,andanegativepeakinthesouthisaccompaniedbyapositivepeakinthenorthduringAprilandMay.InterannualASTDvariationsinsummerorautumnaredecreasing.Thereisaseesaw-typedistributionofASTDbetweenBeibuBayandmostoftheSCSinsummer,andthecenteroflargevaluesisintheNanshaIslandsareainautumn.TheASTDintheSCShasastrongquasi-3aoscillationperiodinallseasons,andaquasi-11aperiodinwinterandspring.TheASTDispositivelycorrelatedwiththeNio3.4indexinsummerandautumnbutnegativelycorrelatedinspringandwinter.

简介：在由有单个time/dual隧道裂口窗户算法的GMS-5/VISSR热红外线的数据的这份报纸的检索结果揭示特征日报、季节几代表性的陆地表面的清楚天空的陆地表面温度(LST)的变化录入中国包括Tarim盆，Qinghai西藏的高原，Hunshandake沙，诺思中国平原，并且华南。在上面的区域的清楚天空的LST的季节的变化由太阳的放射为影响的不同表面反照率，土壤水内容，和程度清楚地变化。每月的一般水准日报LST的范围在一年里有二座山峰和二条山谷。在东亚和在台湾海峡和黄海的南方的海表面温度(SST)的大多数土地的LST的特征也作为比较被分析。Tarim盆和Hunshandake沙有可观的LST不仅日报周期而且显著季节的变化。在2000，最大的每月的一般水准日报在两个区域的LST的范围在Hunshadake沙活动范围是超过30K，和年度范围58.50K。在Qinghai西藏的高原的LST的季节的变化是在东亚，Tarim盆，和Hunshandake沙的不到那些。然而，最大值日报范围在这个区域存在。每年的一般水准日报范围是在在2000的Qinghai西藏的高原的28.05K。特征日报、季节、年度从1998～2000的变化也在这研究被显示出。所有结果将对为陆地表面类型的变化的气候变化，放射平衡，和评价的研究珍贵。[出版摘要]

简介：ByusingNCEP/NCARdailyreanalysisdataanddailyprecipitationdataof740stationsinChina,relationshipsbetweenthepositionvariationoftheWestPacificsubtropicalhigh(WPSH)andthediabaticheatingduringpersistentandintenserainsintheYangtze-HuaiheRiversbasinarestudied.TheresultsshowthatthepositionvariationofWPSHiscloselyassociatedwiththediabaticheating.Therearestrongapparentheatingsourcesandmoisturesinksinboththebasin(tothenorthofWPSH)andthenorthofBayofBengal(tothewestofWPSH)duringpersistentandintenserainevents.Inthebasin,Q1zbeginstoincrease3daysaheadofintenserainfall,maximizes2dayslaterandthenreducesgradually,butitchangeslittleafterprecipitationends,thuspreventingtheWPSHfrommovingnorthward.InthenorthofBayofBengal,2daysaheadofstrongrainfalloverthebasin,Q1zstartstoincreaseandpeaks1dayaftertherainoccurs,leadingtothewestwardextensionofWPSH.Afterwards,Q1zbeginsdecliningandtheWPSHmakesitseastwardretreataccordingly.Basedonthecompleteverticalvorticityequation,inmid-troposphere,theverticalvariationofheatinginthebasinisfavorabletotheincreaseofcyclonicvorticitynorthofWPSH,whichcounteractsthenorthwardmovementofWPSHandfavorsthepersistenceofrainbandsoverthebasin.TheverticalvariationofheatinginthenorthofBayofBengalisinfavoroftheincreaseofanti-cyclonicvorticitytothewestofWPSH,whichinducesthewestwardextensionofWPSH.