简介：Thelasttenyearshaveseenremarkableprogressincancerresearch.However,despitesignificantbreakthroughsintheunderstanding,prevention,andtreatmentofcancer,thediseasecontinuestoaffectmillionsofpeopleworldwide.Cancer’scomplexitycompoundedwithfinancial,policyandregulatoryroadblockshasslowedtherateofprogressbeingmadeagainstcancer.Inthispaper,wereviewafewofthemostrecentbreakthroughsthatarefuelingmedicaladvancesandbringingnewhopeforpatientsaffectedbythisdevastatingdisease.Wealsoaddressthechallengesfacingusandtheopportunitiestoacceleratefutureprogressagainstcancer.TheeffortsoftheAmericanAssociationforCancerResearch(AACR)toaddressthecancerburdenalreadyextendbeyondthebordersoftheUnitedStatesofAmerica.TheAACRiscommittedtoincreasingitseffortstostemthetideofcancerworldwidebypromotinginnovativeprograms,strategies,andinitiativesforcancerresearchersandallthoseengagedincancer-relatedbiomedicalsciencesaroundtheworld.

简介：Irradiationfromdiversesourcesisubiquitousandcloselyassociatedwithhumanactivities.Radiationtherapy(RT),animportantcomponentofmultipleradiationorigins,isacommontherapeuticmodalityforcancer.Moreimportantly,RTprovidessignificantcontributiontooncotherapybykillingtumorcells.However,duringthecourseoftherapy,irradiationofnormaltissuescanresultinawiderangeofsideeffects,includingself-limitedacutetoxicities,mildchronicsymptoms,orsevereorgandysfunction.Althoughnumerouspromisingradioprotectiveagentshaveemerged,onlyafewhavesuccessfullyenteredthemarketbecauseofvariouslimitations.Atpresent,thewidelyacceptedhypothesisforprotectionagainstradiation-causedinjuryinvolvestheWntcanonicalpathway.ActivatingtheWnt/β-cateninsignalingpathwaymayprotectthesalivarygland,oralmucosa,andgastrointestinalepitheliumfromradiationdamage.Theunderlyingmechanismsincludeinhibitingapoptosisandpreservingnormaltissuefunctions.However,aberrantWntsignalingunderliesawiderangeofpathologiesinhumans,anditsvariouscomponentscontributetocancer.Moreover,studieshavesuggestedthatWnt/β-cateninsignalingmayleadtoradioresistanceofcancerstemcell.ThesefactsmarkedlycomplicateanydefinitionoftheexactfunctionoftheWntpathway.

简介：Cancerisaleadingcauseofdeathworldwide.Cancertreatmentsbychemotherapeuticagents,surgery,andradiationhavenotbeenhighlyeffectiveinreducingtheincidenceofcancersandincreasingthesurvivalrateofcancerpatients.Inrecentyears,plant-derivedcompoundshaveattractedconsiderableattentionasalternativecancerremediesforenhancingcancerpreventionandtreatmentbecauseoftheirlowtoxicities,lowcosts,andlowsideeffects.Ellagicacid(EA)isanaturalphenolicconstituent.RecentinvitroandinvivoexperimentshaverevealedthatEAelicitsanticarcinogeniceffectsbyinhibitingtumorcellproliferation,inducingapoptosis,breakingDNAbindingtocarcinogens,blockingvirusinfection,anddisturbinginflammation,angiogenesis,anddrug-resistanceprocessesrequiredfortumorgrowthandmetastasis.ThisreviewenumeratestheanticarcinogenicactionsandmechanismsofEA.ItalsodiscussesfuturedirectionsontheapplicationsofEA.

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简介：Thedevelopmentofcancernanotherapeuticshasattractedgreatinterestintherecentdecade.Cancernanotherapeuticshaveovercomeseverallimitationsofconventionaltherapies,suchasnonspecificbiodistribution,poorwatersolubility,andlimitedbioavailability.Nanoparticleswithtunedsizeandsurfacecharacteristicsarethekeycomponentsofnanotherapeutics,andaredesignedtopassivelyoractivelydeliveranti-cancerdrugstotumorcells.Weprovideanoverviewofnanoparticle-baseddrugdeliverymethodsandcancertherapiesbasedontumor-targetingdeliverystrategiesthathavebeendevelopedinrecentyears.

简介：Objective:Ourgrouphaspreviouslyobservedthatinpatientswithsmall-celllungcancers(SCLCs),theexpressionofatumorantigen,gliomabigpotassium(gBK)ionchannel,ishigheratthetimeofdeaththanwhenthecancerisfirsttreatedbysurgicalresection.Thisstudyaimedtodeterminewhetherthisdichotomywascommoninotherpotentiallungtumorantigensbyexaminingthesamepatientsamplesusingourmoreextensiveprofileanalysisoftumor-antigenprecursorprotein(TAPP).WethentestedthehypothesisthattherapeuticinterventionmayinadvertentlycausethisincreasedgBKproduction.Methods:SCLCsamples(eightsurgicalresectionsandthreeautopsysamples)andthreecontrollungswereexaminedbyquantitativereal-timepolymerasechainreactionfor42potentialTAPPsthatrepresentpotentialT-cell-mediatedimmunologicaltargets.Results:Twenty-twoTAPPmRNAsdisplayedthesameprofileasgBK,i.e.,moremRNAswereexpressedatautopsythanintheirsurgicalcounterparts.B-cyclinandmousedoubleminute2,humanhomologofP53-bindingproteinwereelevatedinbothautopsyandsurgicalspecimensabovethenormal-lungcontrols.WhenHTB119cellswereincubatedwithdoxorubicin,gBKwasstronglyinduced,asconfirmedbyintracellularflowcytometrywithagBK-specificantibody.Conclusion:Ourfindingssuggestedthatmoreimmunologicaltargetsbecameavailableasthetumorrespondedtochemotherapyandproceededtowarditsterminalstages.

简介：Prostatecancergene3(PCA3,alsoknownasDD3)isanewbiomarkerthatcouldimprovetheaccuracyofprostatecancerdiagnosis.Itisagreatbiomarkerwithfairlyhighspecificityandsensitivity.Theincidenceofprostatecancerisrisingsteadilyinmostcountries.Thecommonlyusedprostate-specificantigen(PSA)testoncegavepeoplehopeforearlydiagnosisofprostatecancer.However,thelowspecificityofthePSAtesthasresultedinalargenumberofunnecessarybiopsiesandovertreatment.Duringthepastdecade,manynewprostatecancerbiomarkershavebeenfound.Amongthese,PCA3isthemostpromising.Duetoitsgreatperformanceindistinguishingprostatecancerfromotherprostateconditions,PCA3couldlikelybeappliedforearlydiagnosisofprostatecancer,patientfollow-up,prognosisprediction,andtargetedtherapy.Afteryearsofresearch,wehaveobtainedsomeknowledgeaboutthesequenceofPCA3gene.WehavealsodeterminedtherelationshipbetweenPCA3andtheproliferationofprostatecancercellsandlearnedsomeinformationabouthowPCA3affectstumor-relatedgenesandproteins.APCA3scorehasbeencreated,andithasbeenusedinavarietyofstudies.SomeresearchershaveevenappliedPCA3totargetedtherapyandobtainedagoodeffectinvitro.Thisreviewdescribesthecurrentstateofresearch,andexploresthefutureprospectsforPCA3.更多还原