简介：从Guiyang的不同功能的地区收集的62土样被ICPspectrometry为全部的集中和Cr，Cu，Pb，Zn和Cd的顺序的抽取分析。在Guiyang的土壤的Cr，Cu，Pb，Zn和Cd的平均全部的集中分别地是92.9，51.6，44.1，139.3和0.28mg/kg。土壤被Cr，Cu，Pb，Zn和Cd与Guiyang的背景值比较弄脏到某程度。重要差别在不同功能的地区在Cr，Cu，Pb，Zn和Cd的集中被认出。在剩余部分主要至于顺序的抽取，Cr，Cu和Zn是在场的，并且Pb在可氧化的部分主要是在场的。Cd的可约的部分占47.5%，并且剩余部分最低。活动性和重金属的简历可获得性跟随Cd>Pb>Cu>Cr>Zn的顺序。

简介：Weareinvolvedinanembarrassingsituationthatthelimitedcapa-bilityofautomatedfeatureextractionindigitalphotogrammetricsystemscannotsatisfytheincreasingneedsforrapidacquisitionofsemanticinformationforappli-cations.Facingthischallenge,anewtactic,Human-ComputerCollaborative（HCC）tactic,andacorrespondingnewmethod,Operator-ObjectDirected（OOD）method,areproposedforthedesignofasystemforfeatureextractionfromlargescaleaerialimages.Weholdthatinalmostalltechnicalcomplexsys-tems,fullautomationwillbeneithertechnicallyfeasiblenorsociallyacceptable.Thesystemshouldbedesignedtooptimizethroughthecooperativeoperationwithtwoagentsinthesystem:thehumanandthecomputer.

简介：Organicmatterwasexperimentallyextractedbysupercriticalfluids(CO2+1%isopropanol)frompetroleumsourcerocksofdifferentthermo-maturitiesatdifferentburieddepthsinthesamestratigraphicunitintheDongyingBasin.Theresultsshowthatsupercriticalfluidextraction(SFE)ismoreeffectivethanSoxhletextraction(SE),withhigheramountsandgreatervarietiesofhydrocarbonsandsolubleorganicmatterbecomingextractive.ThesupercriticalCO2extractionisthereforeconsideredmorevaluableinevaluationofpetroleumsourcerocksandoilresources,particularlythoseofimmaturetypes.

简介：小浪理论作为为分析单个epochGPS变丑信号的一个足够的工具有效。粗野错误察觉和恢复上的小浪分析技术被推进。小浪功能选择和Mallat分解层次决定的标准被讨论。提取方法的一个有效变丑信号被建议，那是就粗野错误恢复而言的小浪noiser引出技术，它联合小浪多决定粗野错误察觉结果。时间放粗野错误认出，他们的修理表演被认识到。在实验，简洁地与短支持支持了直角的小浪当认出粗野错误时，块比更长的更有效，它能获得短支持小浪的认出的粗野错误的形状是的更多的finelyanalyses.And比更长的的简单。同时，时间规模更容易识别。

简介：小规模的bedforms的词法特征在Dafeng潮汐的公寓上借助于声学的介绍声纳被测量，江苏在2009，并且在Jiulong河口，厦门在2010，分别地。多阀值价值方法被利用揭示bedforms是在场的词法沿着波动。获得的数据集的分析显示出那：(1)沙涟漪能有不规则的形状，并且(2)在bedform形态学的变化在一个单个潮汐的周期以内是小的，但是可能在几个潮汐的周期上重要。分数维图形和海床粗糙的variogram分析揭示了在当前的速度和海床粗糙的分数维的尺寸之间的一种重要关系的存在。作为当前的速度增加，有小规模的底部结构的一个趋势的海床粗糙增加被大规模结构正在代替。而且，大规模底部结构的表面也能由于小规模的特征的缺席变得光滑或由于附加小规模的结构的存在变得更不平。

简介：Euphausiapacificisanimportantsourceofnaturalastaxanthin.StudieswerecarriedouttoassesstheextractabilityofastaxanthinfromE.pacificusingsubcritical1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane(R134a).Toexaminetheeffectsofmultipleprocessvariablesontheextractionyield,astaxanthinwasextractedundervariousconditionsofpressure(30-150bar),temperature(303-343K),time(10-50min),flowrate(2-10gmin-1),moisturecontent(5.5%-63.61%),andparticlesize(0.25-0.109mm).Theresultsshowedthattheextractionyieldincreasedwithtemperature,pressure,timeandflowrate,butdecreasedwithmoisturecontentandparticlesize.Amaximumyieldof87.74%wasobtainedunderconditionsof100bar,333K,and30minwithaflowrateof6gmin-1andamoisturecontentof5.5%.Thesubstantialastaxanthinyieldobtainedunderlow-pressureconditionsdemonstratesthatsubcriticalR134aisagoodalternativetoCO2forextractionofastaxanthinfromE.pacific.

简介：Inthispaper,thetotalsugarconcentration,proteinconcentration,lipidyieldandmorphologycharacteristicsofthealgaeresidueweredeterminedtoexplainthemechanismoflipidsextractionfromwetmicroalgaeScenedesmussp.byionicliquidassistedsubcriticalwater.Theresultsshowedsimilarvariationforthesugar,proteinandlipid.However,thetotalsugarwasmoresimilartolipidsyield,sotheresultsshowedthatthereactionbetweenionicliquidandcelluloseandhemicelluloseincellwallwasthemostimportantstepwhichdeterminedthelipidsextrationdirectly.Andthetotalsugarvariationmayberepresentingthelipidsyield.Forlaterlipidsextraction,wecandeterminethetotalsugarconcentrationtopredicttheextractionendproduct.

简介：这份报纸论述一个全面区域扩大预言索引方法为地震的短逼近的预言使用GNSS。从云南省基于连续GNSS观察数据，排水量域用处理软件和地球物理的域效果的精确数据在数据周期滑倒修理以后被检测模型修正。云南区域被划分成56个格子房间让排水量地插值获得一块更一致的排水量地和一紧张地变化时间系列。每个格子房间扩大时间系列的地震前反应被评估并且综合了提取一个短逼近的地震异例鉴定索引。结果证明这个索引为大小M5的地震显示了出现时间和hypocenter。十四地震精确地被预言，并且有五份假报告。这个索引能因此被用于地震的短逼近的预言。

简介：Codfishisakindofabyssalfishspecieswithagreatvalueinfoodindustry.However,theflavorofcodfish,especiallytheunpleasantodor,hascausedseriousproblemsinitsprocessing.Toaccuratelyidentifythevolatilecompoundsincodfish,acombinationofsolidphasemicro-extraction(SPME)methodandsimultaneousdistillationextraction(SDE)methodwasusedtoextractthevolatiles.Gaschromatography-massspectrometry(GC-MS)alongwithKovatsindices(KI)andauthenticstandardcompoundswereusedtoidentifythevolatiles.Theresultsshowedthatatotalof86volatilecompoundswereidentifiedincodfish,ofthem24wereextractedbySDE,69compoundsbySPME,and10compoundsbybothSDEandSPME.Seventyvolatilecompoundswerefoundtohavespecificodors,ofthem7typicalcompoundscontributedsignificantlytotheflavorofcodfish.Alcohols(i.e.,(E)-2-penten-1-oland2-octanol),esters(i.e.,ethylbutyrateandmethylgeranate),aldehydes(i.e.,2-dodecenalandpentadecanal)contributedthemosttofreshflavorwhilenitrogencompounds,sulphurcompounds,furans,aswellassomeketones(i.e.,2-hydroxy-3-pentanone)broughtunpleasantodor,suchasfishyandearthyodor.ItwasindicatedthatthecombinationofmultipleextractionmethodsandGC-MSanalysiscanenhancetheaccuracyofidentification,andprovideareferenceforthefurtherstudyonflavorofaquaticproducts.

简介：Sincethefirstdiscoveryoftheexcellentperformanceofnickel-bearingironalloysin1889,scientistshavedeveloped3000morekindsofnickelalloys,whichstillhaveanenormousmarketdemandatpresent.However,thescarcityofglobalnickeloreresourceshasrestrictedeconomicdevelopment.Inrecentyears,expertsfromtheInstituteofMultipurposeUtilizationofMineralResourceshavestudiedthecomprehensiveutilizationtechniqueoflow-gradenickeloresfrom

简介：Theresponsesurfacemethodology（RSM）combinedwithbioassayswasemployedtooptimizetheextractionprocessofcrudefucose-containingsulphatedpolysaccharides（cFCSP）fromSargassumfusiforme.Thecentralcompositedesign（CCD）wasusedwithfourvariables,fivelevels,andfourresponses.ThefourvariableswerepHvalueofhydrochloricacidsolution,extractiontemperature（℃）,ratioofliquidtorawmaterial(mLg-1),andextractiontime（h）,respectively.Chemicalandbioassayindiceswereusedincombinationastheresponseparameters,whichincludedtheyieldofcFCSP,fucosecontent,proliferationrateofspleencells,andlipopolysaccharide-inducedproliferationofsplenocytes.Theexperimentaldatawerefittedtoasecond-orderpolynomialequationusingmultipleregressionanalysis,andexaminedusingtheappropriatestatisticalmethods.Thebestextractionconditionswereasfollows:thepHvalueofhydrochloricacidsolutionwas3.50;theextractiontemperaturewas100℃;theratioofliquidtorawmaterialwas15.00mLg-1andtheextractiontimewas2.50h.Theexperimentalyieldwasclosetothepredictedfromthemodel.Theextractcouldpromotespleenlymphocyteproliferation,especiallythelipopolysaccharide-inducedlymphocyteproliferationinvitro,whichsuggestedthatitsimmunomodulatoryeffectonBlymphocytes.Therefore,cFCSPextractedfromS.fusiformecouldbeutilizedasanimmunostimulantinfunctionalfoodsandpharmaceuticalindustryinfuture.

简介：Molecularlyimprintedpolymers(MIPs)werepreparedbythebulkpolymerizationusingcrystalvioletasthetemplatemolecule,andthemethacrylicacidandethyleneglycoldimetheacrylateasfunctionalmonomerandcross-linker,respectively.Systematicinvestigationsofsyntheticconditionswereconducted.Thesurfacemorphologyandrecognitionmechanismoftheobtainedpolymerswerestudiedusingscanningelectronmicroscopeandspectrophotometricanalysis.MIPsshowedhighaffinitytotemplatemoleculeandweresuccessfullyappliedasspecialsolid-phaseextractionsorbentforselectiveextractionofcrystalvioletfromnaturalseawater.Anoff-linemolecularlyimprintedsolid-phaseextraction(MISPE)methodfollowedbyhigh-performanceliquidchromatographywithdiodearraydetectionfortheanalysisofcrystalvioletwasalsoestablished.MISPEcolumnshavegoodrecoveriesforcrystalvioletstandardsolutionsandgoodlinearitywasobtainedovertheconcentrationrangeof0-200μgL-1(R2>0.99).Finally,twonaturalseawatersampleswereinvestigated.TherecoveriesofspikedseawaterontheMISPEcolumnswerefrom44.47%to62.34%,therelativestandarddeviation(n=3)beingintherangeof2.89%-5.96%.

简介：LigninservesasoneofthemostimportantmolecularfossilsfortracingTerrestrialOrganicMatters(TOMs)inmarineenvironment.Extractionandderivatizationofligninoxidationproducts(LOPs)arecrucialforaccuratequantificationoflignininmarinesediment.Herewereportamodificationoftheconventionalalkalinecupricoxide(CuO)oxidationmethod,themodificationconsistinginasolidphaseextraction(SPE)andanovelon-columnderivatizationbeingemployedforbetterefficiencyandreproducibility.Inspikingblanks,recoverieswithSPEfortheLOPsarebetween77.84%and99.57%withrelativestandarddeviations(RSDs)rangingfrom0.57%to8.04%(n=3),whilethosewithtraditionalliquid-liquidextraction(LLE)arefrom44.52%to86.16%withRSDsbeingfrom0.53%to13.14%(n=3).Moreover,thereproducibilityisgreatlyimprovedwithSPE,withlesssolventconsumptionandshorterprocessingtime.Theaverageefficiencyofon-columnderivatizationforLOPsis100.8%±0.68%,whichissignificantlyhigherthanthoseofin-vialorin-syringederivatization,thusresultinginstilllessconsumptionofderivatizingreagents.LignininthesurfacesedimentssampledfromthesouthofYangtzeRiverestuary,China,wasdeterminedwiththeestablishedmethod.Recoveriesof72.66%to85.99%withstandarddeviationlessthan0.01mg/10gdryweightareobtainedexceptforp-hydroxyben-zaldehyde.ThelignincontentΣ8(producedfrom10gdrysediment)intheresearchareaisbetween0.231and0.587mg.S/VandC/Vratios(1.028±0.433and0.192±0.066,respectively)indicatethattheTOMsinthisregionareoriginatedfromamixtureofwoodyandnonwoodyangiospermplants;thehighvaluesof(Ad/Al)vsuggestthattheTOMshasbeenhighlydegraded.

简介：Theproceduresofultrasonicextractionandclean-upwereoptimizedforthedeterminationofpolycyclicaromatichydrocarbons(PAHs)inmarinesediments.Sampleswereultrasonicallyextracted,andtheextractswerepurifiedwithaminiaturizedsilicagelchromatographiccolumnandanalyzedwithhighperformanceliquidchromatography(HPLC)withafluorescencedetector.Ultrasonicationwithmethanol-dichloromethane(2:1,v/v)mixturegavehigherextractionefficiencythanthatwithdichloromethane.Amongthethreeelutionsolventsusedinclean-upstep,dichloromethane-hexane(2:3,v/v)mixturewasthemostsatisfactory.Undertheoptimizedconditions,therecoveriesintherangeof54.82%to94.70%withRSDsof3.02%to23.22%foraspikedblank,andintherangeof61.20%to127.08%withRSDsof7.61%to26.93%foraspikedmatrix,wereobtainedforthe15PAHsstudied,whiletherecoveriesforaNISTstandardreferenceSRM1941bwereintherangeof50.79%to83.78%withRSDsof5.24%to21.38%.Thedetectionlimitswerebetween0.75ngL-1and10.99ngL-1fordifferentPAHs.AsamplefromtheJiaozhouBayareawasexaminedtotesttheestablishedmethods.