简介：BackgroundInmanysports,athleteswithlowbodyweightand/orlowbodyfatcontenthaveadistinctadvantageovertheiropponents.Suchanadvantagecaneasilyturnintoanoticeabledisadvantagebecauselowbodyweightand'leanness'mayalsobeassociatedwithhealthproblems.AnorexiaAthletica(AA)isassociatedwithleannessandthinnessinfemaleandmalesportsathletesdespitethefactthattheseathletesareoftenverysuccessful.High-competitiveathletesoftenrestricttheircaloricintakeand/orincreasetheirenergyexpendituretomaintainalowbodymassand/oralowamountofbodyfat.Severalmetabolicandendocrinedisturbancesareoftentheresultofprolongedenergyrestriction.Thesedisturbancescanbedetectedbyalterationsinthehormonalprofile(lowlevelsofleptin,increasedlevelsofghrelin)andinchangesinbodycomposition.

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简介：用红色标志家庭中的female，用蓝色标志家庭中的male。

简介：到hamstring的BackgroundInjuries在职业cricketers是相对普通的(因为他们在许多队运动)并且自从2006.MethodsThis学习分析了发生，在板球的T20时代(20-over比赛的介绍)在发生增加了喻摧毁在各种各样的精英男性比赛的损害在一个20年的时期上打字(到2014-2015季节的1995-1996)。风险因素为喻摧毁紧张用逻辑回归分析technique.ResultsThere是的multivariate被估计276比赛时间损失喻摧毁在州或国家的运动员水平，170发生在40,145运动员火柴之一设置的澳大利亚人在一个20年的时期上记录的损害。比赛发作率的全面的率是22.5喻摧毁损害每1000队天。快保龄发作损害每1000队天是以10.9损害的率的最高的子范畴，尽管打的发作损害在50-over(一天)是特别地普通的国际比赛。在逻辑回归分析的重要风险因素，除了喻摧毁损害历史，正在是快bowler亲戚风险(RR)2.5(95%信心间隔(CI)：1.3-4.5)并且在澳大利亚RR2.3玩一场比赛(95%CI：1.3-3.9).ConclusionFastbowlers承受更多喻摧毁损害比在板球的另外的玩的角色，特别地在头等(多天)上板球。Batsmen是更可能的变得在50-over(一天)受伤了板球。在澳大利亚玩(与海外地点相比)导致增加的风险喻摧毁损害。

简介：Purpose:Thepurposeofthepresentstudywastoinvestigatetheage-relatedchangesintheenduranceperformanceamongmaleamateurmarathonrunners.Methods:Subjectsweretakenfromthe36StockholmMarathonsheldfrom1979through2014,andageandfinishingtimewereanalyzedforatotalof312,342malerunners.Results:Therelationwasfoundtobeasecond-orderpolynomial,t=a+bx+cx~2,whichmodels99.7%ofthevariationintheaveragerunningtimetasafunctionofagex.Themodelshowsthatthemarathonperformanceoftheaveragerunnerimprovesuptoage34.3±2.6years,thereafter,theperformancestartstodecline.Aquantificationoftheage’sinfluenceonrunningtimeshowsthatitaccountsfor4.5%ofthetotalvarianceseenintheperformancedata.Conclusion:Theseoutcomesindicatethattheeffectofageonperformanceinendurancerunningeventsisclearlymeasurable,quantifiable,andpossibletodescribe.Atthesametimethefindingsindicatethatotherfactors,suchastraining,affecttheperformancemore.Acomparisonwiththeeliteshowedpeakperformanceatthesameage,buttheratesofchangeinperformancewithage,improvementaswellasdegradation,wasfoundtobehigheramongtheelite.

简介：本文基于语料库研究的方法,运用在线语料库检索工具SketchEngine,根据英语国家语料库（BNC）中大量的事实语料,对MALE和FEMALE两个名词的词汇语法搭配行为和模式进行比较研究,从而为性别语言差异的研究提供更加有力的数据支持,使研究结果更加具有可信度和说服力。

简介：Purpose:Thisstudywastoinvestigatetheassociationbetweenulnarvariance(UV)andbiologicalandtrainingcharacteristics,handgrip,andwristpaininagroupof23Portugueseskeletallyimmaturemalegymnasts(aged11.22.5years).Methods:LeftandrightUVwasobtainedusingHafner'sprocedureandskeletalagewasdeterminedbytheTannereWhitehouse3-method.AnegativemeanvalueforUVmeasureswasobserved(2.4to3.6mm)withoutsignificantdifferenceswithincreasingage-category(p=0.09top=0.48).SignificantlowcorrelationswereobservedbetweensomeUVparametersandstature,fatpercentage,yearsoftraining,andlefthandgripstrength.Results:TengymnastsreportedwristpainwithgradualonsetandUVvalueswereverysimilarbetweenpainlessandpainfulwrists.Conclusion:ThefindingsofthisstudydonotdirectlysupportthethesisthatgymnasticstrainingandbiologicalvariablesorwristpainareassociatedwithUV.

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