简介：ThisarticlesummarizestheachievementsandexperienceofwhatLuohuHealthandQuarantineBureau(HQB)haddoneinvaccinating,distributinghealthmedicinekitandprovidingtravelhealthconsultingserviceduringtheperiodfrom1993-1994.

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简介：胆囊疾病在发达国家是很普通的。复杂胆石疾病代表外科定期为被倡导的胆汁的混乱最经常。关于，胆囊炎代表普通腹的外科的干预；它能作为选任的干预或紧急情况外科被执行，在坏疽，穿孔，腹膜炎或败血的情况中。现在，laparoscopic途径被喜欢甚于开的剖腹术。全球性，众多的胆囊炎每天被执行；然而，小证据都不关于对跟随这些干预的生活(QOL)的surgical以后质量的评价存在。为了估计胆囊炎以后的QOL，事实上，高质量的照顾的文档服从于报导病人的结果满足的扩大讨论，和使用因为优秀改进被倡导几年了。然而，几乎没有很少研究，关于跟随胆囊炎的QOL结果出版；另外，许多当前的文学在以病人为中心的结果上缺乏系统的数据。然后，尽管几个工具被用来在胆囊炎以后测量QOL，困难留在选择有意义的参数以便获得可再现的数据反映手术后的QOL。这研究的目的是在QOL上为胆囊疾病考察外科的影响。这评论在QOL后面的胆囊炎上包括当前的文学的Medline搜索。大多数研究证明征兆的病人比收到选任的干预的病人从外科更获利。因此，在没有症状的外科，和病人少些获利或可以甚至在QOL有减小以前，在QOL的获得取决于一般条件。

简介：AbstractBackground:Nearly 300 children and 20 mothers die from preventable causes daily, in Uganda. Communities often identify and introduce pragmatic and lasting solutions to such challenging health problems. However, little is known of these solutions beyond their immediate surroundings. If local and pragmatic innovations were scaled-up, they could contribute to better health outcomes for larger populations. In 2017 an open call was made for local examples of community-based solutions that contribute to improving maternal and child health in Uganda. In this article, we describe three top innovative community-based solutions and their contributions to maternal health.Main text:In this study, all innovations were implemented by non-government entities. Two case studies highlight the importance of bringing reproductive health and maternal delivery services closer to populations, through providing accessible shelters and maternity waiting homes in isolated areas. The third case study focuses on bringing obstetric imaging services to lower level rural health facilities, which usually do not provide this service, through task-shifting certain sonography services to midwives. Various health system and policy relevant lessons are highlighted.Conclusions:The described case studies show how delays in access to health care by pregnant women in rural communities can be systematically removed, to improve pregnancy and delivery outcomes. Emphasis should be put on identification, capacity building and research to support the scale up of these community-based health solutions.

简介：AbstractRecently, death from herpes B virus (Cercopithecine Herpesvirus 1) infection was reported in China, reminding us to be alert to the risk of transmission and infection with herpes B virus. Herpes B virus is a zoonotic pathogen that can cause fatal encephalomyelitis in humans. The virus naturally infects rhesus monkeys, causing diseases like human herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection, which are often asymptomatic or mild in the rhesus macaque. However, herpes B virus infection can be fatal to humans. Without timely treatment, the mortality rate of herpes B virus infection is as high as 70%-80%. To date, approximately 50 cases of human herpes B virus (HBV) infection have been reported worldwide. Most cases are related to direct contact with macaques, such as scratching, biting, or mucosal contact with monkey body fluids or secretions. Although the risk of human-to-human transmission is low, the widespread prevalence of the virus among monkeys, the high mortality of infected persons, and the severe neurological sequelae of survivors render this virus an important zoonotic pathogen that threatens human beings. Biorisk-related training programs for at risk personnel and timely treatment after exposure to the B virus can reduce infection rate and mortality. The early initiation of antiviral therapy prevents severe disease or death after the rapid diagnosis of human B virus disease. Identification of risk factors is essential in controlling the spread of the herpes B virus in the population at risk.

简介：AbstractBackground:Tuberculosis (TB) is a major global health threat and the leading infectious disease cause of death worldwide. Access to and retention in TB care remains a challenge for patients, particularly those living in rural and remote settings. This qualitative study explored barriers and facilitators to accessing and maintaining contact with TB care services in communities in Xigaze (Shigatse) prefecture, Xizang Autonomous Region (Tibet Autonomous Region), China from the perspective of persons impacted by TB.Methods:We conduced in-depth interviews with 23 participants impacted by TB in four rural districts in Xigaze prefecture, Xizang Autonomous Region, China between April 2019 and November 2020. Interviews were conducted in Tibetan and Mandarin, transcribed in Mandarin and translated into English. Transcripts were checked against recordings by native Tibetan and Mandarin speakers. QSR NVivo12 software was used for framework analysis guided by an access to care conceptual framework by Levesque et al.Results:Overall patients reported low awareness of and an indifferent attitude towards TB, although all reported understanding the need to adhere to treatment. Participants reported complex pathways to care, often requiring visits to multiple healthcare facilities. Some participants reported visiting traditional Tibetan medicine (TTM) providers. Participants reported various barriers to accessing care including challenges physically reaching care, out-of-pocket payments for tests, diagnostics and transport. Barriers to maintaining care included medication side effects and worry about treatment effectiveness. Enablers to accessing care identified included knowledge or past experience with TB, integrated models of TTM and western care, supportive village doctors who conducted home visits, free TB treatment and other subsidies, as well as having family support with care and social support as barriers and facilitators to maintaining treatment.Conclusions:We identified barriers and facilitators to accessing services in rural communities in Xigaze from the perspective of persons impacted by TB. Challenges include complex pathways to care, travel distances, wait times and low awareness. Tuberculosis care in the region could be strengthened by ongoing culturally tailored educational campaigns to increase awareness, partnerships with TTM providers, providing comprehensive treatment subsidies and strengthening the role of family members in comprehensive TB care.

简介：Thearticlegivestheanalysistothemassathleticdancesanditsinfluenceonthehealthofthemiddleandold-agedpeople.Theresearchshows,throughcontrasting,observingandphysiologicallyanalyzing,thatthereisanimprovementinloweringpeople'sbloodviscosityandincreasingfatscatabolism,raisingtheserumlevelaswellasloweringtheserumdensity,ifthesepeopletakepartinthemassathleticdancesregularlyforalongtime.

简介：Basedonthesymptomchecklist90,EPQscaleandthesimplifiedcopingstylequestionaire,theauthormadearelativestudyonpsychologicalhealth,personalitycharacterandcopingstyleof267prisonguardofpolicebureauinXi'ancity.Thestudyshowsthis:①Thementalhealth,personalitycharacterandcopingstylecouldbeeffectedbymanyfactors,suchasgender,age,educationalbackground,income,origin,satisfactorydegreeofworkingenviromentandsomeothers.Thementalhealth,personalitycharacterandcopingstylecouldeffecteachother.②Thepsychologicalhealthstateof267prisonguardismuchworsethanthatofdomesticcommonpeople.③Thepersonalitycharacterof267prisonguardshowsmuchhigherhostilityandlowernervousthanthatofdomesticcommonpeople.④Thecopingstyleof267prisonguardoftentakepositivecopingstyles.⑤Psycholggicalhealth,personalitycharacterandcopingstyleofprisonguardarecloselyrelated.

简介：Researchthataddressesmalere-productivehealthshouldassistinthedevelopmentofreproductivehealthprogrammaesandpolicy;identifyandtestnewleadsinnudecontraceptivetechnology;establisheffectivemaleinvolvementinitiativeswhicharelikelytohaveapositiveimpactonthereproductivehealthofmenandwomen;guidetheallocationofhealthcarereourcestoensurecost-effectivenessofinterventions;generatenewknowledge,developdiagnustictechnologyinreproductivehealthandofferoptimaltreatment/careregimens.InconsideringtheneedsanddemandsofnudereproductivehealthresearchinAsiaandthePacific,thefollowingsixresearchtopicsarerecommendedasthepriorityresearchareas:malecontraceptivetechnology;nudereproductivehealthbehaviourandmaleadolescentreproductivehealth;malereproductiveagingincludingmalemenopauseandotherdiseases;maleRTIs,STDs,HIV/AIDS;prevalence,managementandpreventionofnudeinfertility;environmentandsemenqualityandothermalereproductiveproblems.Oneofthemajorchallengesnowfacingusistheelaburationofacomprehensive,yetrealisticmalereproductivehealthresearchagendathatreflecttheneedsanddemandsofAsiandevelopingcountries.Tothisend,tomakeuseofaninterdisciplinaryapproachisofstrategicimportance.Themostcreativeinsightsandproductiveleadsarelikelytoemergefromaresearchteamthatisinteldisciplinaryespeciallyinthefieldofreproductivehealth.(AsianJAndrol1999Jun;1:13-20)

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简介：AbstractBackground:The One Health (OH) concept has been promoted widely around the globe. OH framework is expected to be applied as an integrated approach to support addressing zoonotic diseases as a significant global health issue and to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of zoonosis prevention and control. This review is intended to overview the social impact of the implementation of OH on zoonosis prevention and control.Methods:A scoping review of studies in the past 10 years was performed to overview the integration feature of OH in zoonosis prevention and control and the social impacts of OH. PubMed and Web of Science were searched for studies published in English between January 2011 and June 2021. The included studies were selected based on predefined criteria.Results:Thirty-two studies were included in this review, and most of them adopted qualitative and semi-qualitative methods. More than 50% of the studies focused on zoonosis prevention and control. Most studies were conducted in low- and middle-income countries in Africa and Asia. Applying OH approach in diseases control integrates policymakers, stakeholders, and academics from various backgrounds. The impact of OH on economic is estimated that it may alleviate the burden of diseases and poverty in the long term, even though more financial support might be needed at the initial stage of OH implementation. OH implementation considers social and ecological factors related to zoonosis transmission and provides comprehensive strategies to assess and address related risks in different communities according to regions and customs.Conclusions:Based on reviewed literature, although there seems to be a lack of guidelines for assessing and visualizing the outcomes of OH implementation, which may limit the large-scale adoption of it, evidence on the contributions of implementing OH concepts on zoonosis prevention and control indicates long-term benefits to society, including a better integration of politics, stakeholders and academics to improve their cooperation, a potential to address economic issues caused by zoonosis, and a comprehensive consideration on social determinants of health during zoonosis prevention and control.

简介：AbstractViral infections during pregnancy are associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes, including maternal and fetal mortality, pregnancy loss, premature labor, and congenital anomalies. Mammalian gestation encounters an immunological paradox wherein the placenta balances the tolerance of an allogeneic fetus with protection against pathogens. Viruses cannot easily transmit from mother to fetus due to physical and immunological barriers at the maternal-fetal interface posing a restricted threat to the fetus and newborns. Despite this, the unknown strategies utilized by certain viruses could weaken the placental barrier to trigger severe maternal and fetal health issues especially through vertical transmission, which was not fully understood until now. In this review, we summarize diverse aspects of the major viral infections relevant to pregnancy, including the characteristics of pathogenesis, related maternal-fetal complications, and the underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms of vertical transmission. We highlight the fundamental signatures of complex placental defense mechanisms, which will prepare us to fight the next emerging and re-emerging infectious disease in the pregnancy population.

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简介：AIM:ToreviewvisionhealthsituationofIraniancommunity,analyzeitsdeterminants,anddiscusstheadoptedimprovementstrategiesbytheIranMinistryofHealthandMedicalEducation(MOHME).METHODS:Thiswasarapidsituationanalysiswithaqualitativeapproachinthreepartsofrecognition,orientationandimplementation.Thedataweregatheredviareviewofupstreamdocuments,nationalandinternationalexperiences,andexpertsandstakeholders’opinions.RESULTS:Eradicatingtrachoma,increasinghumanresources,increasingeducationalandresearchcentersandpromotionofophthalmictechnologieswereimportantachievementsinthefieldofvisionhealthinIran.Throughtheseachievements,itseemedthatthepatternofcausesofblindnessandlowvisionwassimilartothatofthedevelopedcountries.However,thereviewofIranians’visionhealthindicatorsshowedthataconsiderablepercentoftheblindnessandlowvisionwasavoidablethroughanationalprogramdemanding3typesofinterventionsinsocialdeterminantsofhealth(SDH),communityeducation,andincreasingtheaccesstohealthcareservicesbyintegratingthenecessaryservicesinprimaryhealthcaresystem.CONCLUSION:Managingtheissuerequiresattentionsfromanationalcommitteeforpreventingblindnesswithparticipationofallstakeholders,implementinganationalsurveyonvisionhealth,preparationoftheprimarylevelhealthcentersincludingemploymentandeducationofcommunityhealthworkers(Behvarzes),optometristsandgeneralpractitioners,fairdistributionofspecializedhumanresourcesandestablishingatleastonespecializedcenterineachprovinceforreferringpatientsfromtheprimarylevels.

简介：Depression/anxietyiscommonlypresentinpacedpatientsandisassociatedwithincreasedcardiovascularmorbidityandmortality.Thehighprevalenceofdepression/anxietyinpacedpatientssupportsastrategyofincreasedawarenessandtreatmentfordepression/anxietyinpacedpatients.Health-relatedqualityoflife(HRQoL)isbeingincreasinglyconsideredasanexpectedout-comeoftherapeuticinterventionsandrehabilitationprogramsinclinicalcardiologyincludingpatientsbeforeandafterpacemaker(PM)implantation.Thismultispecialtyconsensusdocumentreviewstheevidencelinkingdepression/anxietywitharrhythmiaandcardiacpacing;HRQoLandcardiacpacing,atthesametime,providesrecommendationsforhealthcareprovidersforthetreatmentofdepression/anxiety.

简介：AbstractElectronic health (medical) records, which are also considered as patients’ information that are routinely collected, provide a great chance for researchers to develop an epidemiological understanding of disease. Electronic health records systems cannot develop without the advance of computer industries. While conducting clinical trials that are always costly, feasible and reasonable analysis of routine patients’ information is more cost-effective and reflective of clinical practice, which is also called real world study. Real world studies can be well supported by big data in healthcare industry. Real world studies become more and more focused and important with the development of evidence-based medicine. These big data will definitely help in making decisions, making policies and guidelines, monitoring of effectiveness and safety on new drugs or technologies. Extracting, cleaning, and analyzing such big data will be a great challenge for clinical researchers. Successful applications and developments of electronic health record in western countries (eg, disease registries, health insurance claims, etc) have provided a clear direction for Chinese researchers. However, it is still at primary stages in China. This review tries to provide a full perspective on how to translate the electronic health records into scientific achievements, for example, among patients with diabetes. As a summary in the end, resource sharing and collaborations are highly recommended among hospitals and healthcare groups.

简介：AbstractBackground:Tuberculosis (TB) prevention through the use of preventive treatment is a critical activity in the elimination of TB. In multiple settings, limited staffing has been identified as a barrier to managing preventive treatment for TB contacts. This study aims to determine how health center staffing, service type, and TB caseload affects implementation of isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) for TB contacts in southern Lima.Methods:We conducted an ecological study in 2019 in southern Lima, Peru. Through the review of medical records, we identified contacts of TB patients who initiated IPT during 2016-2018, and who were 0-19 years old, the age group eligible for IPT according to Peruvian guidelines. We assessed bivariate associations between health center characteristics (numbers of physicians and nurses, types of services available, annual TB caseload) and IPT initiation and completion using binomial logistic regression.Results:Among 977 contacts, 69% took more than a week to start IPT and 41% did not complete IPT. For those who successfully completed IPT, 58% did not complete full medical follow-up. There was no significant difference in IPT completion or adherence based on whether health centers had more physicians and nurses, more comprehensive services, or higher TB caseloads. Among contacts, female sex was associated with delay in initiating IPT (P = 0.005), age 5-19 years old was associated with completion of IPT (P = 0.025) and age < 5 years old was associated with completion of clinical evaluations (P = 0.041).Conclusions:There are significant gaps in IPT implementation in health centers of southern Lima, Peru, but insufficient staffing of health centers may not be responsible. Further research is needed to identify how IPT implementation can be improved, potentially through improving staff training or monitoring and supervision.