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简介：AbstractBackground:The relationship of uric acid (UA) with the thyroid function among healthy individuals remains unclear. We aimed to examine the relationship between UA contents and thyroid hormone levels in healthy Chinese individuals.Methods:This was a cross-sectional study of 1186 Chinese adults (736 men and 450 women) who underwent a health check-up at the Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University (Shanghai, China) between January 1, 2010 and July 31, 2018. Clinical and thyroid hormone levels were compared in different UA groups (in male and menopause women groups, MG1: UA < 5 mg/dL; MG2: 5 mg/dL ≤ UA< 7 mg/dL; and MG3: UA ≥ 7 mg/dL; in female groups, FG1 to FG3 represent the UA levels of <4 mg/dL, 4 mg/dL ≤ UA< 6 mg/dL, and ≥6 mg/dL, respectively). In addition, natural cubic spline regression, together with Pearson correlation analysis, was performed in investigating the correlation of UA with thyroid hormones.Results:After adjusting for confounding factors, low levels of UA (for males, UA < 5.30 mg/dL; for females, UA < 4.05 mg/dL) were negatively correlated with free triiodothyronine (FT3) both in men and women. UA levels between 4.83 and 6.06 mg/dL may act to protect FT3 in women, while UA levels between 6.39 and 7.09 mg/dL may protect FT3 in men. FT3 levels of low-range UA group reduced compared with mid-range UA and the high-range UA groups in both men and women.Conclusions:Our results provide epidemiologic evidence to support the negative correlation between low UA contents and FT3 in the Chinese Han population, suggesting that the reduced UA contents may serve as the risk factor to predict poor thyroid function in Chinese individuals.

简介：AbstractBackgroud:Aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD) is a difficult-to-treat syndrome where timely diagnosis and initiation of disease-specific therapies are pertinent to improved patient outcomes.Objective:To characterize the most common timeline for development of the clinical triad [asthma, nasal polyposis, and reactions to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)], identify barriers to prompt diagnosis of AERD, and describe indications for an aspirin challenge to facilitate accurate diagnosis.Methods:Six hundred ninety-seven patients with diagnosed AERD and history of at least one sinus surgery to remove nasal polyps were identified in the Brigham and Women’s Hospital AERD registry. Patient reported age at disease onset of asthma, nasal polyposis, and age of first NSAID reaction were obtained from 2013 to 2019 at enrollment.Results:Of the 697 patients identified, diagnosis of asthma preceded diagnosis of nasal polyposis and first NSAID reaction, although there was considerable variability between patients.Conclusions:Prompt diagnosis of AERD is important for patient and provider education and improved care of this difficult-to-treat population of patients. Consider diagnostic aspirin challenge in patients without historical reactions to NSAIDs who have an otherwise compatible clinical history, specifically in patients who take daily low-dose aspirin, leukotriene modifiers, avoid NSAIDs, or who are severely symptomatic at baseline where it would be difficult to identify an acute worsening of symptoms.

简介：Background:ConcernshavebeenexpressedaboutpotentialtoxicityofthesmokeproducedbytheburningofmoxaintraditionalChinesemedicine.Withtheadventofstrictanti-smokinglegislationintheUK,itwasdecidedtotestthevolatilesproducedbymoxibustionandcomparethemwithcurrentagreedsafeexposurelevels.

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简介：AbstractRising emissions of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere have warmed the planet substantially and are also accompanied by poor air quality. The increased prevalence of allergic airway disease worldwide can be partially attributed to those global environmental changes. Climate change and air pollution pose adverse impacts on respiratory allergies, and that the mechanisms are complex and interactive. Adverse weather conditions, such as extreme temperatures, can act directly on the respiratory tract to induce allergic respiratory illnesses. Thunderstorms and floods can alter the production and distribution of aeroallergens while wildfires and dust storms increase air pollution, and therefore indirectly enhance health risks. Concentrations of particulate matter and ozone in the air have been projected to increase with climate warming and air stagnation, and the rising temperatures and CO2 increase pollen, molds, and spores, which escalate the risk of allergic respiratory diseases. The synergistic effects of extreme heat and aeroallergens intensify the toxic effect of air pollutants, which in turn augment the allergenicity of aeroallergens. With the Earth’s climate change, migration of humans and plants shift the living environments and allergens of susceptible people. Urban residents are exposed to multiple factors while children are sensitive to environmental exposure. Since climate change may pose many unexpected and persistent effects on allergic respiratory diseases, health professionals should advocate for effective mitigation and adaptation strategies to minimize its respiratory health effects.

简介：AbstractBackground:A steady progress on schistosomiasis control in the Peoples’ Republic of China (P.R. China) was achieved and broadened into the twelve-year medium and long term national plan (MLNP) which marled the implementation of an integrated control strategy across all endemic areas in P.R. China in 2004. To understand the endemic trends of schistosomiasis to assess the effectiveness of an integrated strategy, we conducted an analysis of schistosomiasis surveillance data spanned from 2005 to 2015.Methods:The schistosomiasis sentinel surveillance data from sentinel sites were collected and analyzed from 2005 to 2015. In these sentinel sites, residents aged 6 years or above were screened annually by indirect hemagglutination assay (IHA), while only antibody positives were followed by stool examination either Kato-katz method (KK) and/or hatching technique (HT). Domestic animals raised in sentinel sites were examined by HT for confirming the infection of schistosomes. Snail investigation was conducted each year through systematic sampling method combined with environmental sampling method. The snails collected from field were tested by microscopic dissection method. The infection rates of schistosomes in residents, domestic animals and snails, as well as the indicators reflecting the snails’ distribution were calculated and analyzed. ANOVA analysis was used to examine the changes of the number of eggs per gram feces in population and Chi-square test was used to examine any change in proportions among groups.Results:A total of 148 902 residents from sentinel sites attended this study and 631 676 blood samples were examined by IHA test during the 11 covered years. The annual average antibody positive rates presented a significant decrease trends, from 17.48% (95% CI: 17.20–17.75%) in 2005 to 5.93% (95% CI: 5.71–6.15%) (χ2= 8890.47, P < 0.001) in 2015. During 2005–2015, the average infection rate of schistosomes in residents declined from 2.07% (95% CI: 1.96–2.17%) to 0.13% (95% CI: 0.09–0.16%), accompanied by significant decrease of infection intensity in population. In 2015, the stool positives were only found in farmers, fishermen and boatmen with infection rate of 0.16% (95% CI: 0.11–0.20%), 0.17% (95% CI: 0–0.50%) respectively. The infection rate of schistosomes in domestic animals dropped from 9.42% (538/5711, 95% CI: 8.66–10.18%) to 0.08% (2/2360, 95% CI: 0–0.20%) from 2005 to 2015. Infections were found in eight species of domestic animals at the beginning of surveillance while only two cattle were infected in 2015. Totally 98 ha of new snail habitats were found, while 94.90% (93/98) distributed in lake and marshland regions. The percentage of frames with snails decreased from 16.96% (56 884/33 5391, 95% CI: 16.83–17.09%) in 2005 to 4.28% (18 121/423 755, 95% CI: 4.22–4.34%) in 2014, with a slightly increase in 2015. Meanwhile, the infection rate of schistosomes in snails was decreased from 0.26% (663/256 531, 95% CI: 0.24–0.28%) to zero during 2005–2015.Conclusions:The infection rate of schistosomes declined significantly, providing evidence that the goal of the MLNP was achieved. Elimination of schistosomiasis as a public health problem defined as WHO was also reached in P.R. China nationwide. Surveillance-response system should be improved and strengthened to realize the final goal of schistosomiasis elimination.

简介：Hearinglossandtinnitusareamongthemostcommonconsequencesoflongtermnoiseexposureandre-mainanunder-addressedheathissueinmostdevelopingnationsincludingChina.Therapidindustrializa-tionandlifestylechangesinChinaincreasetheconcernovernoiseexposureandnoiseinducedhearingloss(NIHL).ResearchonNIHLinChinaislimited.ThecurrentpaperreviewsstudiespublishedinEnglishandChineselanguageliteraturesregardingnoiseexposureandNIHLinChina.TheirimplicationontheChi-nesepopulationisdiscussed.ThepossibleutilityofaresearchmodelsuchastheDangerousDecibels?asameanstoincreaseunderstandingofthescopeofNIHLamongtheChinesepopulation,toeducatethegener-alpublicinChina(especiallytheyoung)aboutNIHLanditsprevention,andtostudyeffectsoflanguageandculturalfactorsoninternationalinformationdisseminationandbehavioralinterventionsisproposed.

简介：AbstractSince its first discovery, the Omicron variant of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has evoked another wave of infection and caused global concern and panic. Moreover, although the data are still limited, Omicron showed highly concerning characteristics, including higher transmissibility, extensive immune escape and potentially altered host range. We interpreted these characteristics based on currently available data and outlined some urgent questions, calling for a more comprehensive investigation.

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简介：摘要随着信息技术的发展和人们生活方式的变化，E-health模式为卫生服务提供了一种新的途径，亦被广泛应用于艾滋病防治领域，包括行为干预、生物医学干预、精神健康干预以及提高卫生服务可及性等方面。本文对国内外E-health模式在艾滋病防控领域的典型应用进行综述，为进一步优化通过E-health模式进行艾滋病干预的思路和策略提供参考。

简介：AbstractIt is unequivocal that human influence has warmed the planet, which is seriously affecting the planetary health including human health. Adapting climate change should not only be a slogan, but requires a united, holistic action and a paradigm shift from crisis response to an ambitious and integrated approach immediately. Recognizing the urgent needs to tackle the risk connection between climate change and One Health, the four key messages and recommendations that with the intent to guide further research and to promote international cooperation to achieve a more climate-resilient world are provided.

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简介：正值中国新春佳节锣鼓喧天之际,大洋彼岸的“阿拉伯(迪拜)国际医疗实验室仪器及设备展览会MEDLABMIDDLEEAST2019”(简称MEDLAB)也正如火如荼进行中。三诺生物传感股份有限公司携手其两家美国子公HJPTSDiagnostics以及Trividia为世界糖友带来了全新的慢病检测设备和管理系统,以其过硬的产品系列和专注的钻研精神,吸引着全世界的目光。

简介：AbstractPrenatal micronutrients in pregnant women’s diets, including supplements, have an essential role in fetal brain development and may reduce the risk of mental disorders in offspring. Folic acid, vitamin D, omega-3 fatty acids, and choline have been investigated for this purpose. Folic acid supplementation throughout pregnancy has well-established positive effects. Vitamin D, administered to the mother before birth or to the newborn, has also been shown to reduce the risk of neurodevelopmental disorders. Omega-3 fatty acids during pregnancy have a more uncertain role, with recent trials questioning a beneficial effect on cognition and attention deficit disorder, despite positive effects on prematurity and neonatal wheezing prevention. Choline supplementation is associated with positive effects on cognition and behavior, including early behaviors associated with the development of autism and schizophrenia. There is no experience yet with COVID-19, but adverse effects on fetal brain development of most common coronaviruses are mitigated by higher choline levels. Maternal dietary supplementation of nutrients is a benign and inexpensive intervention in pregnancy to prevent life-long disability from mental illness. Use of dietary supplements in poorer, rural areas of China is below recommendations. Physicians, midwives, and public health officials in China can promote prenatal nutrient supplementation to reduce the future burden of mental illnesses that might be prevented before birth.

简介：Objective:ToexploreeffectivewaysofconductingSTD/AIDShealtheducationamongfemalecommercialsexworkersinentertainmentestablishmentsandtopromoteimplementationofan100%condomuseprogramme.Methods:In-depthinterviewswerecarriedouttocollectqualitativeinformationaboutdemographiccharacteristics,STD/AIDSknowledge,attitudeandriskbehaviorsoffemalesexworkers.Femalesexworkerswereselectedbysamplingandweregivenbaselinesurveyandassessmentafterintervention.Basedontheresultsoftheinterviews,aquestionnairewasdeveloped,andinterventionmeasuresweredetermined.Thesemeasuresincludedface-to-faceinterviewing,counseling,anddistributionofSTD/AIDSinformationandcondoms.Results:196and182femalesexworkersofthesamepopulationwereinterviewedseparatelybeforeandafterintervention.STDs/AIDSknowledgehadsignificantlyincreasedafteroneyear'sintervention(P<0.01).Knowledgeincreasedinboththeinterventiongroupandthenon-interventiongroupbuttheincreasewasmoresignificantamongsexworkerswhoreceivedtheintervention.Riskbehaviorsremainedatbaselinelevelsinbothgroups.Conclusion:STD/AIDShealtheducationamongfemalesexworkersinentertainmentestablishmentswaseffectiveandmaybenefitsociety,butthestrategiesneedtobeadjustedtothefemalesexworkers'lifestyles,particularlytheirhighratesofmobilityandhigh-riskbehaviors.

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简介：AbstractBehavioral health concerns are surging in pediatric practices. Fortunately, integrated behavioral/medical health clinics are growing and child psychiatrists/psychologists are increasingly embedded in these care settings to help shoulder the clinical load. Routine screening of behavioral health problems in primary care facilities enables early identification and treatment. However, deciding on sound, efficient, and scalable screening measures is sometimes arduous. Accordingly, this article presents a clinician-friendly review of three common instruments useful in screening pediatric behavioral health concerns including anxiety, depression, and conduct problems. Psychometric findings and clinical applications of the Pediatric Symptom Checklist-17 (PSC-17), the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), and the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED) are delineated. Finally, clinical implications and recommendations for practicing pediatricians and child psychiatrists are offered.

简介：AbstractPurpose:As COVID-19 spreads globally and affects people's health, there are concerns that the pandemic and control policies may have psychological effects on young people (age from 17 to 35 years). This psychological impact might vary in different countries, and thus we compared the prevalence of self-reported psychological distress, loneliness and posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) among young people in the United Kingdom (UK) and China at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods:Data of this study came from two sources. One source was the first wave of COVID-19 study in Understanding Society, a special wave of the UK household longitudinal study, which provided the high-quality, national-wide representative panel data. The sample comprised 1054 young people. The other source was an online survey on the mental health of 1003 young people from Shanghai, a highly developed area in China. The questionnaire included questions on the prevalence of common mental disorders (cut-off score ≥ 4), loneliness and potential PTSS (cut-off ≥ 33). Univariable analyses were conducted to test the differences in the self-reported prevalence of psychological distress and loneliness between the two groups. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were run to explore the predictors of psychological distress and loneliness among all the young people from England and Shanghai.Results:Among the samples with self-reported psychological distress, the UK sample accounted for 34.4% (n=1054) and the Chinese sample accounted for 14.1% (n=1003). The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (p < 0.001). Additionally, 57.1% of people in the UK and 46.7% in China reported that they sometimes or often felt lonely, of which the difference is statistically significant (p < 0.001). Regression analysis of the entire samples showed that nationality, gender, psychotherapy and loneliness were significant predictors of 12-item General Health Questionnaire scores, while the variables of age and living alone were not. Significant predictors of self-reported loneliness were the nationality, gender, age, living alone and psychotherapy. In China, 123 (12.3%) young people, 49 men (11.3%) and 74 women (13.0%), met the criteria of PTSS symptoms (cut-off scores ≥ 33). These scores were only collected in China.Conclusion:This evidence suggests that mental health and loneliness reported by young people were lower in China than that in the UK during the studied period. More research is needed to understand these differences. If the differential negative psychological impacts are confirmed, country-specific measures of prevention and intervention should be adopted to improve the mental health of young people under the ongoing impact of the pandemic.