简介:Displacednon-Keplerianorbitsaboveplanetarybodiescanbeachievedbyorientatingthesolarsailnormaltothesunline.ThedynamicalsystemstechniquesareemployedtoanalyzethenonlineardynamicsofadisplacedorbitanddifferenttopologiesofequilibriaareyieldedfromthebasicconfigurationsofHill'sregion,whichhaveasaddlenodebifurcationpointatthedegeneratedcase.Thesolarsailnearhyperbolicordegeneratedequilibriumisquiteunstable.Therefore,acontrollerpreservingHamiltonianstructureispresentedtostabilizethesolarsailnearhyperbolicordegeneratedequilibrium,andtogeneratethestableLissajousorbitsthatstaystableinsidethestabilizingregionofthecontroller.ThemaincontributionofthispaperisthatthecontrollerpreservingHamiltonianstructurenotonlychangestheinstabilityoftheequilibrium,butalsomakesthemodifiedellipticequilibriumbecomeuniqueforthecontrolledsystem.Theallocationlawofthecontrolleronthesail'sattitudeandlightnessnumberisobtained,whichverifiesthatthecontrollerisrealizable.
简介:Lithium-aluminum-cobalt-nickeloxideLiAlxCoyNi1xyO2particles,generallyusedascathodeoflithiumbattery,werepreparedbychemicalcoprecipitationfromanaqueoussolutionofLiOH,Al(NO3)3,Co(NO3)2andNi(NO3)2withNH4OH.XRD,SEMandFTIRwereusedtoexaminetheeffectofnickelcontentontheproduct.FTIRpatternsshowedthatincreaseinnickelcontentdecreasedtheabsorptionstrengthofthepeakofspinelstructureoftheproduct,attributedtotheoccupationbynickelinthealuminumsites.Particlesizeandelectricalpropertiesofthelithium-aluminum-cobalt-nickeloxide(abbreviatedasLACNO)particleswerealsodetermined.
简介:TheuseofX-raymicrotomographic(XMT)methodsinanalysingparticulatesystemshasexpandedrapidlyinrecentyearswiththeavailabilityofaffordabledesk-topapparatus.ThisreviewpresentsasummaryofthemajorapplicationsinwhichcomputersimulationsareexplicitlycoupledwithXMTintheareaofgranularandporousmaterials.Weenvisagetwomainwaysofestablishingthecouplingbetweenbothtechniques,basedonthetransferenceorexchangeofinformationbyusingphysicalorgeometricalparameters(i.e.aparametriclinkthroughfittingtoaprocessmodel)orthroughthedirectuseof3DXMTdigitalimages(i.e.comparingimagepixelsandfeaturesdirectly).Examplesofcoupledapplicationsareshownforthestudyoftransportpropertiesofrocks,particlepacking,mechanicalloadingandsintering.Often,thelinkbetweenXMTandcomputersimulationsisbasedonvisualcomparisonsandweconcludethattheuseofquantitativeparameterssuchasthenumberofinterparticlecontacts,forcenetworksorgranuleshapetolinkbothtechniquesisstillunderrepresentedintheliterature.Strategiestoprovideamorerobustandquantitativeapproachtooptimisetheinformationobtainedfromsuchtomographyanalysesareproposed.
简介:ThroughacomparisonbetweentheexpressionsofmasterbalancelawsandtheconservationlawsderivedbyNoether'stheorem,aunifiedmasterbalancelawandsixphysicallypossiblebalanceequationsformicropolarcontinuummechanicsarenaturallydeduced.Amongthem,byextendingthewell-knownconventionalconceptofenergymomentumtensor,therathergeneralconservationlawsandbalanceequationsnamedafterenergy-momentum,energy-angularmomentumandenergy-energyareobtained.Itisclearthattheformsofthephysicalfieldquantitiesinthemasterbalancelawforthelastthreecasescouldnotbeassumeddirectlybyperceivingthroughtheintuition.Finally,someexistingresultsarereducedimmediatelyasspecialcases.
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简介:Acompositebeamissymmetricifboththematerialpropertyandsupportaresymmetricwithrespecttothemiddlepoint.Inordertostudythefreevibrationperformanceofthesymmetriccompositebeamswithdifferentcomplexnonsmooth/discontinuousinterfaces,wedevelopanR(x)-orthonormaltheory,whereR(x)isanintegrableflexuralrigidityfunction.TheR(x)-orthonormalbasesinthelinearspaceofboundaryfunctionsareconstructed,ofwhichthesecond-orderderivativesoftheboundaryfunctionsareaskedtobeorthonormalwithrespecttotheweightfunctionR(x).WhenthevibrationmodesofthesymmetriccompositebeamareexpressedintermsoftheR(x)-orthonormalbaseswecanderiveaneigenvalueproblemendowedwithaspecialstructureofthecoefficientmatrixA:=[aij],aij=0ifi+jisodd.Basedonthespecialstructurewecanprovetwonewtheorems,whichindicatethatthecharacteristicequationofAcanbedecomposedintotheproductofthecharacteristicequationsoftwosub-matriceswithdimensionshalflower.Hence,wecansequentiallysolvethenaturalfrequenciesinclosed-formowingtothespecialtyofA.Weusethispowerfulnewtheorytoanalyzethefreevibrationperformanceandthevibrationmodesofsymmetriccompositebeamswiththreedifferentinterfaces.
简介:阴极材料李[CoxNiyMn1?x?y]为锂的O2第二等的电池被一条新线路作为一位先锋用分层的双氢氧化物(LDH)准备了。结果有-NaFeO2结构的分层的阶段在菱形的系统结晶,与有到0.47nm的夹层间距结束的空格组R-3m。X光检查光电子光谱学(XPS)被用来测量公司,Ni和Mn的氧化状态。在结构和李的电气化学的性质上改变Co/Ni/Mn比率的效果[CoxNiyMn1?x?y]O2被X光检查衍射和电气化学的测试调查了。产品表明了相当稳定的骑车行为,与为有Co/Ni/Mn=1/1/1的分层的材料的118mAh/g的一个可逆能力。