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简介：Inrecentyears,therearemanycrimesrelateddrugfraudoccuringinChinaandmanyexpertsthinkthatthemaincauseisthatChinaFoodandDrugAdministration(CFDA)adoptsannouncedinspection(AI).Inordertocircumventthisdifficulty,CFDAhasexploitedunannouncedinspection(UI)since2014.Inthispaper,theauthorsstudytheproblemofwhichoneperformsbetter,AIorUI.Specifically,theauthorsconsiderasupervisor,whichdecidestheinspectionapproach,inspectionstrengthandpunishmenttoforcethefirmtoputself-inspectionefforttomeettherequirementsofGoodManufacturingPractice,andafirm,whichproducesadruganddecidesitsself-inspectioneffort.Theauthorsusegametheorytomodelthisproblem,characterizetheequilibriumpoliciesunderAI,andcomparetheeffectsofthetwoapproachesonpreventingdrugfraudundercompleteandincompleteinformation.Theresultsshowthatunderthecompleteinformation,UIperformsbetterifthefirm'stechnicallevelandtheinspectioncostarelowandAIperformsbetterotherwise.Whenthesupervisordoesn'tknowthefirm'stechnicallevel,ifthelowtechnicallevelishigh,AIperformsbetter.Otherwise,UIperformsbetteriftheinspectioncostislowandAIperformsbetteriftheinspectioncostishigh.

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简介：Recentdevelopmentsincomputationalsciencesandcomputermodelinghaveallowedemergencypreparednessexercisestoincludesimulationmodelsassupportingtools.Thesesimulationmodelsaregenerallybuiltforpredictingtemporalandgeographicpatternsofdiseasespread.Howeversoleuseofsimulationmodelsinexercisedesignfallsshortintermsofincorporatingpolicydecisionmakers'preferencesintodecision-makingprocesses.Inthispaper,ageneralframeworkforexercisingpublichealthpreparednessplanswithadecisionsupportsystemispresentedtointegrateestimationofkeyepidemiologicalparameterswithasystemdynamicsmodelofanoutbreak.Amulti-criteriadecisionmakingframework,anAnalyticalHierarchyProcessmodel,isthendevelopedandintegratedwiththesimulationmodeltohelppublichealthpolicymakersprioritizetheirresponsegoalsandevaluatemitigationstrategiesinatable-topexerciseenvironment.

简介：目的对病种较为复杂的综合病房的术前及输血前患者进行HIV—Anti的监测，从而能早期发现艾滋病，减少院内感染，保护医护人员，避免医疗纠纷。方法1、采用酶免法进行初筛；2、同一方法复查；3、送至初筛中心复查；4、送至HIV确证中心进行确证。结果发现二例艾滋病抗体阳性。