简介：以处方笺配药和推荐销售一般用医药品为核心大多数的日本连锁药店是依靠大量进货以及以提供折扣实现大量销售得以扩大发展的。但是，随着竞争企业的多门店化发展、以及其他业界企业的参与加入，再加上高龄人口增多而引致的商圈狭小化，

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简介：INTRODUCTIONMolecularbiologyhasmadeatremendousimpactonthediagnosisandtreatmentofliverdiseases.Inparticular,advancesinmolecularbiologymadepossiblethediscovery

简介：Poly-α-aminoacidisakindofbiodegradablebiomedicalmaterial.Itisusedforthepreparationofsustaineddrug-releasedevice.Therearesomeadvantagesofthedrugdeliverydevices.Theycanprovidethetherapywithsideeffects.Thedrugre-leaseismaintainedatabeneficialrateforaprolongedtime.Thepolymermaybebiodegradedafterthedrughasbeenexhausted.

简介：AbstractObjective:To determine anatomic relationships and variation of the round window membrane to bony surgical landmarks on computed tomography.Study design:Retrospective imaging review.Methods:100 temporal bone images were evaluated. Direct measurements were obtained for membrane position. Vector distances and angulation from umbo and bony annulus were calculated from image viewer software coordinates.Results:The angle of round window membrane at junction with cochlear basal turn was (42.1 ± 8.6)°. The membrane’s position relative to plane of the facial nerve through facial recess was (14.7 ± 5.2)° posterior from a reference line drawn through facial recess to carotid canal. Regarding transtympanic drug delivery, the round window membrane was directed 4.1 mm superiorly from the inferior annulus and 5.4 mm anteriorly from the posterior annulus. The round window membrane on average was angled superiorly from the inferior annulus (77.1 ± 27.9)° and slightly anteriorly from the posterior annulus (19.1 ± 11.1°). The mean distance of round window membrane from umbo was 4 mm and posteriorly rotated 30° clockwise from a perpendicular drawn from umbo to inferior annulus towards posterior annulus. Together, these measurements approximate the round window membrane in the tympanic membrane’s posteroinferior quadrant.Conclusions:These radiologic measurements demonstrate normal variations seen in round window anatomy relative to facial recess approach and bony tympanic annulus, providing a baseline to assess round window insertion for cochlear implantation and outlines anatomic factors affecting transtympanic drug delivery.

简介：Colorectalcancer(CRC)isthethirdmostcommoncancerinmenandthesecondmostcommoncancerinwomen,worldwide.Intheearlystagesofthedisease,biomarkerspredictingearlyrelapsewouldimprovesurvivalrates.Inmetastaticpatients,theuseofpredictivebiomarkerscouldpotentiallyresultinmorepersonalizedtreatmentsandbetteroutcomes.TheCXCfamilyofchemokines(CXCL1to17)aresmall(8to10kDa)secretedproteinsthatattractneutrophilsandlymphocytes.Thesechemokinessignalthroughchemokinereceptors(CXCR)1to8.Severalstudieshavereportedthatthesechemokinesandreceptorshavearoleineitherthepromotionorinhibitionofcancer,dependingontheircapacitytosuppressorstimulatetheactionoftheimmunesystem,respectively.Ingeneralterms,activationoftheCXCR1/CXCR2pathwayortheCXCR4/CXCR7pathwayisassociatedwithtumoraggressivenessandpoorprognosis;therefore,thespecificinhibitionofthesereceptorsisapossibletherapeuticstrategy.Ontheotherhand,thelesserknownCXCR3andCXCR5axesaregenerallyconsideredtobetumorsuppressorsignalingpathways,andtheirstimulationhasbeensuggestedasawaytofightcancer.Thesepathwayshavebeenstudiedintumortissues(usingimmunohistochemistryormeasuringmRNAlevels)orserum[usingenzyme-linkedimmunosorbentassay(ELISA)ormultiplexingtechniques],amongothersampletypes.CommonvariantsingenesencodingfortheCXCchemokineshavealsobeeninvestigatedaspossiblebiomarkersofthedisease.ThisreviewsummarizesthemostrecentfindingsontheroleofCXCchemokinesandtheirreceptorsinCRCanddiscussestheirpossiblevalueasprognosticorpredictivebiomarkersaswellasthepossibilityoftargetingthemasatherapeuticstrategy.

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简介：Electroacupuncture(EA)hasbeenclinicallyusedtotreatdepressionandhasresultedinfavorableeffectsinChina.However,resultsfromanimalstudiesandpathologydonotreflecttheinfluenceofelectroacupuncturetreatmentoninvivophysiologicalfunctions.Tothoroughlyanddynamicallyobservepathologicalchangesduringdepression,thepresentstudyestablishedEA+fluoxetineandfluoxetinegroupstoobservedepressioninpatients.1H-magneticresonancespectroscopywasutilizedtodeterminethecorrelationbetweenhippocampalfrontallobemetabolitechangesandmentaldisorderscale.ResultsrevealedsignificantlyincreasedN-acetylaspartate(NAA)/creatine(Cr)inthebilateralhippocampusandrightfrontallobeofdepressionpatientstreatedwithEAcomparedwithfluoxetine.ChangesinNAA/Crinbilateralhippocampusandrightfrontallobeinbothgroups,beforeandaftertreatment,negativelycorrelatedwithseverityandcurativeeffects.Choline/Crchangesinthebilateralfrontallobesofbothgroupsweresignificantbeforeandaftertreatment,butnegativelycorrelatedwithcurativeeffects.Choline/CrchangesinthebilateralhippocampusweresignificantintheEA+fluoxetinegroupbeforeandaftertreatment,butnegativelycorrelatedwithseverityandthecurativeeffectsofdepression.Theseresultsdemonstrateabnormalbiochemicalmetabolisminbilateralfrontallobesandhippocampusofdepressionpatients,andshowthatEAsignificantlyalteredbiochemicalindicesinthefrontallobesandhippocampuscomparedwithfluoxetine.

简介：AIM:Toexploretheeffectsandmechanismofvascularendothelialcadherin(VE-cadherin)onexperimentalcornealneovascularization(CRNV).·METHODS:MousecorneaswereburnedwithsodiumhydroxidetobuildaCRNVmodel.Theburnedcorneaswerelocallyadministratedwithanti-mouseVE-cadherinneutralizingantibody.AnnexinVandclusterofdifferentiation31(CD31)doublestainingwasusedtomeasurevascularendothelialcellapoptosiswiththeuseofflowcytometry(FCM).TheproteinexpressionofNADPHoxidase2(Nox2),caspase-3,andproteinkinaseC(PKC)intheburnedcorneaswereexaminedbyWesternblot.Humanretinalendothelialcell(HREC)proliferationwasdetectedusingaCellCountingKit8(CCK-8)assayinvitro.·RESULTS:TheamountofCRNVpeakedtwoweeksafterthealkaliburn.FCMconfirmedthatVE-cadherinneutralizingantibodytreatmentincreasedCD31positivecellapoptosis.WesternblotrevealedthattheintracornealproteinexpressionofNox2andcaspase-3wereup-regulated,whilePKCwasdown-regulatedintheVE-cadherinneutralizingantibodyadministratedgroup.CCK-8assayshowedthatVE-cadherinneutralizingantibodymarkedlyinhibitedHRECproliferation.·CONCLUSION:VE-cadherinexhibitedananti-apoptosiseffectthroughenhancedPKCsignalingandanenhancedcellproliferationpathway.

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简介：AbstractNeuropilins (NRP1 and NRP2) are multifunctional receptor proteins that are involved in nerve, blood vessel, and tumor development. NRP1 was first found to be expressed in neurons, but subsequent studies have demonstrated its surface expression in cells from the endothelium and lymph nodes. NRP1 has been demonstrated to be involved in the occurrence and development of a variety of cancers. NRP1 interacts with various cytokines, such as vascular endothelial growth factor family and its receptor and transforming growth factor β1 and its receptor, to affect tumor angiogenesis, tumor proliferation, and migration. In addition, NRP1+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) play an inhibitory role in tumor immunity. High numbers of NRP1+ Tregs were associated with cancer prognosis. Targeting NRP1 has shown promise, and antagonists against NRP1 have had therapeutic efficacy in preliminary clinical studies. NRP1 treatment modalities using nanomaterials, targeted drugs, oncolytic viruses, and radio-chemotherapy have gradually been developed. Hence, we reviewed the use of NRP1 in the context of tumorigenesis, progression, and treatment.

简介：Inrecentyears,furtherunderstandingoftheinteractionbetweentheimmunesystemandtumorgrowthhasledtothedevelopmentofseveralimmunotherapies.Theseimmunotherapiesincludecancervaccinesandimmunecheckpointinhibitorsthathavebeentestedinvarioussolidtumors,includingthosetraditionallyconsiderednon-immunogenic,suchasnon-smallcelllung

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简介：Objective:Tostudytheanti-inflammatoryactivityandtissuedistributionpatternsofintravenousemulsionofdexamethasoneacetateinmice.Methods:Theanti-inflammatorysolutionforinjectionandLimethasone(Jepaneseproduct)givenintravenouslywereevaluatedbyusingthepreformedcarrageenangranulomapouchmethodinrats.Results:Theanti-inflammatoryactivityofdexamethasoneacetateemulsionatlowdoseof0.05mg.kg1wasaspotentasdexamethasonesodiumphosphatesolutionathighdoseof0.3mg.kg1.Thedistributionpatternsinmicetissuesof[^3H]dexamethasoneacetateemulsionand[^3H]dexamethasonesodiumphosphatesolutioninmiceweremarkedlydifferent.Dexamethasoneacetateemulsionshowedamuchhigherconcentrationintheliver,spleen,lung,andinflamedtissues,whereasdexamethasonesodiumphosphatehadahighconcenti,moninthemusclesofvastuslateralis.Theseresultsmayindicatethatdexamethasoneincoporatedinlipidemulsionwastakenupbythereticuloendothelialsystemandinflammatorycellsmuchmorethandexamethasonesodiumphosphatesolution.Conclusion:Whendexamethasoneacetatewasincorporatedinemulsion,thedistributionpatternsintissueswerechangedandtheyhadastrongeranti-inflammatoryactivity.

简介：Objective:Toinvestigatetheprevalenceofmycoplasmainfectionsandthesensitivitytoantibioticsamongpatientswithnongonococcalurethritisorcervicitis(NGU)inChongqing.Methods:387NGUcaseswithmycoplasma-positiveresultsuponculturewereanalysedretrospectively.RESULTS:Themajorityofpatientswithmycoplasmainfectionswereinthe20-40yearoldagegroup.Nosignificantdifferencewasfoundbetweenmalesandfemales.UreaplasmaurealyticumisthemainpathogenoftheseNGUcasesandnoclearrelationshipbetweenitsconcentrationandpathogenicabilitywasnoted.Drugsensitivitywastestedagainstnineantibiotics;thesensitivityratestojosamycin,minocyclineanddoxycyclinewere94.06%,88.89%and86.82%respectively,whiletheresistanceratestolincomycin,ofloxacin,azithromycinandroxthromycinwere74.94%,42.12%,41.60%and40.31%inturn.Conclusions:Josamycin,minocyclineanddoxycyclinecouldbeusedasthefirstchoicetotreatNGUwithmycoplasmainfectionsinChongqing.ItisimportanttoselectantibioticsforNGUtreatmentwithmycoplasmainfectionsbasedontheresultsofdrugsensitivitytests.

简介：Thepresentworkisaimedtostudythepharmacokineticparametersofoptimizedrepaglinidefloatingdrugdeliverysystem(FDDS)by24factorialdesigns,followedbycomparisonwithacommerciallyavailableformulation.Themaineffectsandinteractionsofformulationvariableswerestudiedbyusingnormalandparetocharts.Theoptimizedformulationshowsafickiandiffusiondrugreleasemechanism.Pharmacokineticparametersofthedesigneddrugdeliverysystemwereevaluatedinrabbitmodels.Meanwhileasimple,specifichighperformanceliquidchromatographicmethodwasdevelopedandvalidatedasperbiopharmaceuticalspecifications,thelinearitywasobservedattherangeof110-550ng/mL(r2=0.999).Byusingmethanol-phosphatebuffer(pH2.5)(70:30,v/v)asmobilephaseattheflowrateof1.0mL/minthevalidationshowsabetterretentiontimeof5.2minforrepaglinide.AndthesamevalidationmethodwasusedforpharmacokineticprofileanalysisofrepaglinidemarketedproductsandFDDS.Thecomparativepharmacokineticresultssuchastmax,half-life,areaunderthecurve,meanresidencetimeswereincreasedsignificantlyfortherepaglinideinFDDSthanthemarketedproductofrepaglinideexceptCmaxandeliminationrateconstant.

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