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简介：中生代象鼻虫的第一个提要(Curculionoidea：翘目)被介绍。在中生代期间的家庭，类和种类丰富的变化揭示了三个分布模式。侏罗记(Karatau)动物志被Nemonychidae统治。在早白垩纪(在侏罗记/白垩纪边阶的开始)期间，Ithyceridae是流行的组，一个重要角色由Nemonychidae玩了。在迟了的白垩纪(Cenomanian和Turonian)，主要的组是Curculionidae和Brentidae。显然，象鼻虫动物志的变化在这个时期期间由于被子植物的扩大，它为象鼻虫开发在他们的植物、繁殖的机关提供了多重壁龛。

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简介：The Old English enjoyed more substantial success in rolling back the colonization of Ireland through organized resistance in the Irish parliament. The parliament in session between 1569 and 1571 revealed a new political alignment between the Old English landowners of the Pale and the Old English feudal lords. Sir Edmund Butler,Stanihurst described an Old English identity utterly distinct from that of the Gaelic Irish and equal in manners and civility to that of the royal administration. Stanihurst's Old English identity had a dignity and dynamism all its own. Uncorrupted by the influence of the "meere Irish,but the holding up of Roman Catholicism as a central and overt component of the Old English identity during the Irish parliament of 1584 suggested that the political struggle between the Old English and New English communities had taken on vast ideological dimensions. Religious conflict

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简介：the Old English secured the comprehensive reform of the Irish administration for which Finglas and other reformers had called. The text of the Act reveals an attempt to bind the king to the enforcement of English laws in Ireland.,the outlines of future conflict emerged as crown and community pursued increasingly divergent goals for the government of Ireland. The Old English demanded a transformation of the Irish polity,the Old English constitutionally prevented the government from neglecting their interests. By transforming Ireland into a sovereign kingdom under the crown

简介：Likeallsocietieswhoseoriginspredatetheinventionofthewrittenword,manyaspectsofprehistoricTibetarelostinablurofmystery.YetarcheologistsarediggingintotheruinsleftbyTibet'searliesthumaninhabitantstohelpcarveawaythelackofknowledge,justasarthistoriansareexaminingancientpaintingsleftinsideTibetancavestosketchoutthecontoursofprehistoriclifeandartontheRoofoftheWorld.

简介：reflected a subtle yet striking shift in the New English understanding of the task of reforming Ireland. Spenser's View revealed neither a recognition of the differences between the Old English and the Gaelic Irish nor any suggestion that the Old English could participate in the reformation process. The conditions of Irish society,The colonial New English refused to acknowledge these differences in religion and culture that distinguished the Old English and Gaelic Irish communities. As articulate members of the Old English community asserted their civility and loyalty,the colonial administration mistakenly saw the convergence of the degenerate Old English and the fractious Gaelic Irish in a campaign to oust the English government and the Protestant religion from Ireland. Lord Burghley

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简介：Modern Ireland 1600-1972 (London,47. In The Elizabethan Conquest of Ireland,The Elizabethan Conquest of Ireland

简介：and sustained and efficient royal governance in Ireland.(16) The Old English also demanded improved relations between the Pale community and the Gaelic Irish,R. F. Foster has interpreted the Irish government's new emphasis on religious discrimination as a primary cause of the emergence of a distinct Old English identity in seventeenth-century Ireland. The anti-Catholic thrust of the 1613-1615 parliament,and to expand jurisdiction over the Gaelic regions. This reform movement addressed the crown's governance of Ireland and its failure to provide for the general security of Old English interests. "[T]he crown's involvement in Irish government for the first twenty years or so of [the reign of Henry VIII] suggests an attitude fluctuating between apathy and feeble interest."(14) The political reform movement of the early sixteenth century played out under the control of both the government and the Old English community. The socio-economic structure of the Pale

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简介：80yearshaspassedsinceduplexstainlesssteelswerefirstproducedandnowtheyhavedevelopedintoanintegralserieswiththeeffortsonR&Danddevelopmentoftechnology.Intherecentdecade,duplexstainlesssteelshavebeenacceptedbymoreandmorecustomersandincreasinglyused.ThefirstduplexgradeproducedinSwedenwas453E(26Cr-5Ni)inthe1930s,andthendevelopedinto329.Thesetwogradeswerecharacterizedbyhighcarboncontentandcalledthefirstgenerationofduplexstainlesssteels.Atthattime,itwasverydifficulttoaddnitrogenintothesteelsandmaintainthephaseequilibrium,thusinfluencingtheapplicationproperties,forexample,intergranularcorrosionpostwelding.Onemethodtosolvethisproblemistoalterthechemicalcomposition,likeaddingnitrogen,etc.AndthatcametorealitywiththedevelopmentofAODandmetallurgicaltheoryofstainlesssteels.Newseriesofduplexgrades,calledthesecondandthirdgenerationsduplex,havesuccessivelyemergedsincethe1980s.Thesegradesarecharacterizedbyhighamountsofalloyingelements,likechromium,molybdenumandnitrogen.Furthermore,superduplexstainlessgrades,likeS32750,S32760andS32707,weredevelopedforvariousharshserviceenvironmentswiththeiroutstandingcorrosionresistanceandworkability.Thesegradespossesscorrosionresistancecorrespondingtosuperausteniticgrades,orclosetonickel-basealloys,andareusedinocean-engineering,seawaterdesalinationandoilindustries,etc.Andtheapplicationofduplexstainlesssteelisexpendingintootherindustries.Forinstance,453Eisusedinthepulp&paperindustry.2205(S32205),amedium-alloyedgrade,hasbecomethemosttypicaloneintheduplexstainlesssteelfamilyandwidelyusedinmanyindustrieslikepulp&paper,chemicalandoil.Newapplicationsareemergingwithbetterunderstandingoftheduplexgrades.Modernduplexstainlesssteelsfeaturesmostthecorrosionresistanceandstrength,makingthemmostcost-efficientinmoreandmoreprojects.Int

简介：1.Date:August25-29,1997(Monday-Friday),foradurationof5daysincludingaone-dayvisittotheXianghaiBirdReserve2Venue:NortheastNormalUniversityChangchun,NortheastofP.R.China3.Sponsorship:NortheastNormalUniversityandTheSocietyofAncientWorldHistoryinChina(SAWHC).4.Topics:Themaintopicsareasfollows:(1)TheOriginsandRiseofAncientCivilizations(2)TheNatureandCharacteristicsofAncientCivilizations(3)TheFeaturesandAspectsofVariousAncientCivilizations:a.Economyb.SocialConditionsc.Politicsd.Religionse.Historiographyf.ScienceandPhilosophyg.Literatureh.ArchaeologyandArti.FamilyandWomen＇sStatus(4)TheDevelopmentandConnectionsofAncientCivilizations

简介：Accordingtotheavailabledataandfieldresearch,basedonthediwatheory,theauthorshavestudiedthegeotectonicevolutionhistoryandtheassociatedminerlizationintheVictoriaarea.IthasbeenshownthatthisareaisinfactapartoftheLachlandiwaregion.TheVictoriaareacanbedividedintogeodomefault-foldzoneandsubsidencezone.Theformercanbesubdividedintothreezones,fromwesttoeast,whicharewesternupliftzone,centraldepressionzoneandeasternupliftzone.TheevolutionhistoryoftheVictoriaareacanbedividedintofourstages-Pregeosyncline,geosyncline,plateformanddiwa.Eachstagehasdistinctsedimentary,magmaticandstructuralfeatures.Ofthefourstages,diwastageisthemostimportantforminerlization.DiwastagestartedintheDevonian.Duringthedevelopmentofdiwa,anumberofgranites,whicharecharacterizedbyhighSiO2andNa2O+K2O,wereformed.Thegraniteswereabundancewithmineralformingmaterial.Ontheotherhand,diwageotectonismreformedandenrichedthegeosynclinalorplatformoredeposits.Therefore,mostoftheoredepositsthatoccurredintheVictoriaareaare,moreorless,relatedwithdiwatectonism.

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