简介：大下水道的建设不基于有没有床存款的非免职的流动的考虑是节俭的，这被知道。基于有有床存款的非免职的流动的考虑，还原剂隧道床斜坡和建设在床上的沉积免职的小深度的存在在哪个增加流动的沉积运输能力花费了的下水道设计。这份报纸建议一个新Pareto最佳的模型由multigene发展了估计粒子弗鲁德数字的基因编程(MGGP)技术(Fr在有床上的沉积免职的条件的大下水道的p)。到这个目的，包括沉积尺寸和集中，存款厚度，和管子的宽范围的四个数据集合缩放被使用。根据不同统计表演索引，建议Pareto最佳的MGGP模型的效率与象在文学可得到的常规回归模型一样在当前的学习开发的最好的MGGP模型的那些相比。结果为Fr在没有另外的免职的情况中的p评价到有沉积存款的一张床上。由于Pareto最佳的MGGP模型利用输入参数的一个更低的数字比常规回归当模特儿的比较地产出高效，它能在实践为大下水道的自我清洁的设计被用作一个小气的模型。

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简介：Electro-sparkdepositionhasbeencarriedoutonthe35CrMosteelbyfillingandrestoringthesimulatedslotspecimens,andcontinuoussurfacecoatingwithextralowporositywasobtainedwithproperparameters.Themicrostructuretransformationandinterfacebehaviorofdepositedjointwereobservedandanalyzed.Itshowsthatatransitionregionwith15μmindepthwasobtainedbetweenbasemetalanddepositedmetal,andmetallurgicalbondingwasachievedbetweenrestoredbasemetalanddepositioncoating.

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简介：Byanoveltechnique-cathodicmicro-arcelectro-deposition(CMED),ZrO2coatingsweredepositedonanFeCrAlalloy.ExperimentalresultsshowthatthenecessaryconditionsforobtainingZrO2coatingsaretoapplyapulsepeakvoltageoveracriticalvalueandaddmoderateamountsofZrO2colloidalparticlesandZr(NO3)4intheequeoussolution.Theas-depositedcoatingsareporousbecausehydrogen,water,andothervaporsaregeneratedandreleasedfromthecoatingstothesolutionduringthesparkreaction.ThecoatingscontainmonoclinicandtetragonalcrystallineZrOwithcertaindegreeofamorphousstructure.TheprocessingparametersandmechanismofCMEDwerediscussed.

简介：UsingCu-phthalocyanine(CuPc),4,4'-diaminodiphenyletherandpyromelliticdianhydrideasmonomermaterials,polyimide(PI)thinfilmsdoped-CuPchavebeenpreparedontoglasssubstratebyvaporphaseco-depositionpolymerizationunderavacuumof2×10-3Paandthermalcuringofpolyamicacidfilminattemperatureof150-200Cfor60min.Inthisprocess,thepolymerizationcanbecarriedoutthroughcontrollingthestoichiometricratio,heatingtimeanddepositionratesofthethreemonomers.IRspectrumidentifiesthedesignedchemicalstructureofthepolymer.Theabsorptionofpolyimidedoped-CuPcisveryintenseinvis-rangeandnear-infraredbyUV-Visspectrum.And,thePIfilmsdoped-CuPcpolymerizedbyvaporphasedepositionhaveuniformity,finethermalstabilityandgoodnonlinearopticalproperties,andthethird-orderopticalnonlinearsusceptibilityx(2)withdegeneratefour-wavemixingcanbe1.984×10-9ESU.

简介：Icenucleatingparticle（INP）measurementsweremadeattwohigh-altitudestationsinIndia.AerosolscollectedonfilterpaperatGirawaliObservatory,InterUniversityCenterforAstronomy&Astrophysics（IGO）,andattheRadioAstronomyCenter,Ooty（RAC）,wereactivatedindepositionmodeusingathermalgradientdiffusionchambertodeterminetheINPconcentrations.ThemeasurementcampaignsatIGOwereconductedduring2011,2013and2014,andatRACduring2013and2014.Whentheaerosolsampleswereexposedtoanicesupersaturationofbetween5%and23%inthetemperaturerange-17.6?Cto-22?C,themaximumINPnumberconcentrationatIGOandRACwas1.0L-1and1.6L-1,respectively.Amaximumcorrelationcoefficientof0.76wasobservedbetweentheINPnumberconcentrationandicesupersaturation.TheairmasstrajectoriesanalyzedforthemeasurementcampaignsshowedthattheArabianDesertandaridregionswerethemainINPcontributors.ElementalanalysisofparticlesshowedthepresenceofNa,Cl,Si,Al,Fe,Cu,Co,Cd,S,MnandK,aswellassomerare-EarthelementslikeMo,Ru,La,Ce,VandZr.Whenaerosolsinthesizerange0.5–20μmwereconsidered,thefractionthatactedasINPswas1:104to1:106atIGO,and1:103to1:104atRAC.ThehigherratioofINPstoaerosolsatRACthanIGOmaybeattributabletothepresenceofrare-EarthelementsobservedintheaerosolsamplesatRAC,whichwereabsentatIGO.

简介：这调查被承担预言钴的集体获得(MG)无电的免职(编辑)在上陶器原文如此粒子。反应表面方法论(RSM)基于有三个编辑参数和30跑的一个完整的因素的图案被用来进行实验并且借助于设计专家软件建立一个数学模型。考虑的三个编辑参数是pH，洗澡温度和陶器的粒子形态学。变化的分析被使用验证预言的模型。由扫描电子显微镜学(SEM)的证实分析的结果证明发达模型是相当精确的。pH是为MG的最有效的参数。另外，最高集体的获得为最低pH被获得，最高的洗澡温度并且对待热原文如此粒子。另外，发达模型证明得到集体获得的最大的价值的最佳的参数是pH，洗澡温度和8的陶器的粒子状态，70?????????迄?迄?X

简介：Background:RapideconomicdevelopmentinChinahasresultedinanincreaseinsevereairpollutionincitygroupssuchastheBeijing-Tianjin-HebeiMetropolitanRegion.PM2.5(fineparticleswithanaerodynamicequivalentdiameterof2.5μmorless)isoneofthemostimportantpollutants.Thedepositionprocessisanimportantwayofremovingparticlesfromtheair.Toevaluatetheeffectofanurbanforestonatmosphericparticleremoval,aconcentrationgradientmethodwasusedtomeasurethedepositionvelocitiesofwater-solubleinorganicsinPM2.5intwonationalforestparksinBeijing,China.Thefollowingeightwater-solubleinorganicionsinPM2.5wereinvestigated:sodium,ammonium,potassium,magnesium,calcium,chloride,nitrate,andsulfate.Methods:SamplesweretakenfromtwositesinBeijingfromthe7thtothe15thMay,2013.Theconcentrationsofwater-solubleinorganicionswereanalyzedwithionchromatography.Weusedtheconcentrationgradienttechniquetoestimatethedepositionfluxandvelocity.Todeterminetherelationshipsbetweenleaftraitsandparticleaccumulation,typicalleafsamplesfromeachselectedspecieswerestudiedusingscanningelectronmicroscopy.Results:ThetotaldepositionfluxandtotaldepositionvelocityduringthedaytimewerehigherthanthoseatnightSulfateshowedthebiggestdepositionfluxandvelocityatbothstudysites,whereastheotherionsshoweddifferenttrendsateachsite.Resultfromhigherproportionofconiferoustobroadleavedtrees,thetotaldepositionfluxoftheeightionsmeasuredinJiufengNationalForestParkwasgreaterthanthatinOlympicForestPark.Conclusions:Thedepositionvelocitywasaffectedbymeteorologicalconditionssuchaswindspeed,temperature,andhumidity.Thedepositionvelocitywasalsoinfluencedbytreespecies.Thesurfaceofplantsisanimportantfactorinfluencingparticledeposition.Theresultsofthisstudymayhelpinassessingtheeffectsofforestrysystemsonparticleremovalandprovideevidenceforurbanairpollutioncontr

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简介：LaiyangformationofJiaolaiBasinisthetargetstratumforoilandgasexploration.Bymeasuringseveralfieldsections,theauthorsfindthatLaiyangformationrevealsthewholeprocessesfromdevelopmenttodeathofthelakebasinanditssedimentaryfaciesdifferindifferentstructurallocations.AnalysesaboutsedimentaryfaciesandpaleocurrentorientationsinassociationwithresearchesaboutthepositivetectonicunitssuchasDayetouhorsebackandChaigouhorstindicatethatLaiyangsagisarelativelyindependentsedimentaryunitthatshowsgreatwaterdepthtypicalofdeeplakeorsemideeplakeandwascontrolledbyWulongcunfaultduringthedepositionperiodofLaiyangformation.ItssedimentsmainlyoriginatedfromJiaobeiupliftareaandDayetouhorseback.Gaomi-Zhuchengsagwasafast-filledbasincontrolledbyWurongfaultandYishufaultzone,beinghighinthenortheastandlowinthenorthwestandcharacterizedbythedevelopmentofpluvialfaciesandfluvialfaciesinmostareas,andwiththedevelopmentoflakefaciesbeinglimitedtolocallow-lyingregions.Selectionofadvantageoushydrocarbonreservoirareasforexplorationpurposemainlyreliesonthesedimentationpatternofprototypebasinandconservationconditions.Thecentral-westareaofLaiyangsagcoveredbyoverlyingLaiyangformationisthemostadvantageousexplorationarea.

简介：在上面的黄河的Sanhuhekou-Toudaoguai活动范围的河床上的沉积免职搜索的年度变化从Sanhuhekou和Toudaoguai水文学车站基于流量和沉积运输观察在年1952-2010期间被调查。象水库操作，支流流入，以及来自Shidakongdui区域的流量和沉积负担那样的多重影响因素被分析。尽管沉积从主要来源，装载，结果显示出那特别自从2000年代，象象Qingshui河和Zuli河那样的在上游的支流一样的Shidakongdui区域由于提高的水土壤保存措施和植被盖子的改进减少了，学习活动范围通常仍然在累积沉积的地位。这主要由于Liujiaxia水库和Longyangxia水库的联合操作，它显著地在SanhuhekouCrosssection减少了年度流量和沉积负担。水库显著地也改变了学习活动范围的夏天洪水特征，导致变化从的年度流动曲线的形状一进一座双山峰单个山峰。这些引申严厉地减少了大量涌入产出超过90%沉积的夏天洪水季节的沉积运输能力装载，导致在水和沉积之间的一种失衡的关系。另外，SanhuhekouCrosssection的估计的到来的沉积系数从0.003到0.004kgs/m6作为不平的批评价值被建议决定scour或学习活动范围的免职地位的0.014kgs/m6,。

简介：Multi-walledcarbonnanotubes(MWNTs)with20nmouterdiameterwerepreparedbychemicalvapordepositionofethyleneusingultrafinesurface-modifiedacicularα-Fecatalystparticles.ThegrowthmechanismofMWNTsonthelargercatalystparticlesareattributedtotheinteractionbetweentheFenanoparticleswiththesurface-modifiedsilicalayer.Thisinteraction-mediatedgrowthmechanismisillustratedbystudyingtheelectronic,atomicandcrystalpropertiesofsurface-modifiedcatalystsandMWNTsproductsbycharacterizationwithX-raydiffraction(XRD),transmissionelectronmicroscopy(TEM),highresolutiontransmissionelectronmicroscopy(HRTEM),thermalgravimetricanalysis(TGA)andRamanspectra.

简介：Althoughin-situgrowingcarbonnanotubes(CNTs)oncarbonfiberscouldgreatlyincreasethematrix-dominatedmechanicalpropertiesofcarbon/carboncomposites(C/Cs),italwaysdecreasedthetensilestrengthofcarbonfibers.Inthiswork,CNTswereintroducedintounidirectionalcarbonfiber(CF)preformsbyelectrophoreticdeposition(EPD)andtheywereusedtoreinforceC/Cs.EffectsofthecontentofCNTsintroducedbyEPDontensilepropertyofunidirectionalC/Cswereinvestigated.ResultsdemonstratedthatEPDcouldbeusedasasimpleandefficientmethodtofabricatecarbonnanotubereinforcedC/Cs(CNT—C/Cs)withexcellenttensilestrength,whichpaysameaningfulwaytomaximizetheglobalperformanceofCNT—C/Cs.

简介：TheBrenner-LJpotentialisadoptedtodescribetheinteractionbetweenC36clustersanddiamondsurface,andthedepositionmechanismofmulti-C36clustersonthediamondsurfaceisalsostudiedbyusingthemethodofmoleculardynamicssimulation.Thesimulationresultsshowthatthecompetitioneffectsoftwointeractions,i.e.theinteractionbetweenclusterandclusterandtheinteractionbetweenclusterandcrystalplane,arestudied,andthentheinfluenceofthesecompetitioneffectsonC36clusterdepositionisanalysed.Thefindingisthatwhenanincidentenergyisappropriatelychosen,C36clusterscanbechemicallyadsorbedanddepositedsteadilyonthediamondsurfaceintheformofsingle-layer,andinthedepositionprocessthemulti-C36clusterspresentaphenomenonofenergytransmission.Theexperimentalresultshowsthatatatemperatureof300K,inordertodepositC36clustersintoasteadynano-structuredsingle-layeredfilm,theoptimalincidentenergyisbetween10and18eV,iftheincidentenergyislargerthan18eV,theC36clusterswillbedepositedintoanislandnano-structuredfilm.

简介：AtomicallythinMoS2filmshaveattractedsignificantattentionduetoexcellentelectricalandopticalproperties.Thedevelopmentofdeviceapplicationsdemandstheproductionoflarge-areathinfilmwhichisstillanobstacle.Inthisworkwedevelopedafacilemethodtodirectlygrowlarge-areaMoS2thinfilmonSiO2substrateviaambientpressurechemicalvapordepositionmethod.Thecharacterizationsbyspectroscopyandelectronmicroscopyrevealthattheas-grownMoS2filmismainlybilayerandtrilayerwithhighquality.Back-gatefield-effecttransistorbasedonsuchMoS2thinfilmshowscarriermobilityupto3.4cm2V-1s-1andon/offratioof105.Thelarge-areaatomicallythinMoS2preparedinthisworkhasthepotentialforwideoptoelectronicandphotonicdeviceapplications.

简介：WefabricatepolycrystallineCu(In,Ga)Se2(CIGS)filmsolarcellsonpolyimide(PI)substrateattemperatureof450°Cwithsingle-stageprocess,andobtainapoorcrystallizationofCIGSfilmswithseveralsecondaryphasesinit.Forimprovingitfurther,thetwo-stageprocessisadoptedinsteadofthesingle-stageone.AnextraCu-richCIGSlayerwiththethicknessfrom100nmto200nmisgrownonthesubstrate,andthenanotherCu-poorCIGSfilmwiththicknessof1.5-2.0μmisdepositedonit.Withthemodificationoftheevaporationprocess,thegrainsizeofabsorberlayerisincreased,andtheadditionalsecondaryphasesalmostdisappear.Accordingly,theoveralldeviceperformanceisimproved,andtheconversionefficiencyisenhancedbyabout20%.

简介：ThethermodynamicphasestabilityareadiagramsofBCl3-NH3-SiCl4-H2-ArsystemwereplottedviaFactsagesoftwaretopredictthekineticexperimentalresults.Theeffectsofparameters（ie,partialpressureofreactants,depositiontemperatureandtotalpressure）onthedistributionregionsofsolidphaseproductswereanalyzedbasedonthediagrams.Theresultsshowthat：（a）Solidphaseproductsaremainlyaffectedbydepositiontemperature.TheareaofBN＋Si3N4phaseincreaseswiththetemperaturerisingfrom650to900℃,anddecreaseswiththetemperaturerisingfrom900to1200℃;（b）Whentemperatureandtotalpressureareconstants,BN＋Si3N4phaseexistsatahighpartialpressureofNH3;（c）Theeffectoftotalsystempressureiscorrelatedtodepositiontemperature.Thetemperaturerangingfrom700to900℃underlowtotalpressureistheoptimumconditionforthedeposition.（d）Appropriatekineticparameterscanbedeterminedbasedontheresultsofthermodynamiccalculation.Si–B–Ncoatingisobtainedvialowpressurechemicalvapordeposition.TheanalysisbyX-rayphotoelectronspectroscopyindicatesthatB–NandSi–Narethemainchemicalbondsofthecoating.

简介：Theeffectsofthesubstratetemperatureonthedepositionandmicrostructureofthe304stainlesssteel(SS)coldgasdynamicspraying(CGDS)coatingswereinvestigated.Itwasfoundthatthehighersubstratetemperaturecouldincreasethedepositionrateofthe304SSparticles,eventheoxidefilmsexistedattheinterface.Therewasacriticaloxidefilmwithathicknessof3-4μmwhichcouldbedestroyedbytheimpactedparticles.Themicro-hardnessandmicrostructureofthe304SScoatingsunderdifferentsubstratepreheatingtemperatureswerealmostthesame.