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简介：Objective:Tofindoutthebasicconditionsofmycosisinfectionoffull-termpregnantwomen.Methods:Fungusisolationandidentificationfromthevaginalsecretionsandoralspecimensfrom208full-termpregnantwomenwerecarriedoutbyfungicultureandidentifiedfollowingstandardbiologicalpractice.Results:Thepositivedetectionrateforvaginalfungiwas51.92%andfororalfungiitwas47.59%.20.19%hadfungiinboththevaginalandoralcavity.ThefungifoundweremainlyofthespeciesCandidaalbicans.Conclusion:Theprevalenceoffungalmycosisinfectioninfull-termpregnantwomenwashigherthanthatusuallyfoundinnon-pregnantwomen.Inordertopreventfurthercomplicationsandmateral-childtransmission,seriousattentionshouldbepaidtothishighprevalencefinding.

简介：ChinesepopulationsinfectedwithHIV-1.Methods:GenomeDNAfromperipheralbloodmononuclearcells(PBMCs)of78HIV-1infectorswasamplifiedbypolymerasechainreaction(PCR).CCR5,CCR2bandSDF1genefragmentswereobtainedfromrestrictivefragmentlengthpolymorphism(RFLP)and/orCCR△32,CCR5m303,CCR2b-64IandSDF1-3'Aallelicgenes'mutationalfrequenciesweresequenceddirectlyfromPCRproducts.Results:NoneofCCR5△32,CCR5m303genemutationwerefoundin78subjectswithHIV-1infection.TheallelicgenemutationfrequenciesofCCR2b-64IandSDF1-3'Acorrespondingto14.9-34.0%and17.6-38.2%of95%CI,were22.79%and26.92%respectively.TheircolonydistributionconformedtotheHardy-Weinbergequilibrium.Conclusion:TheHIV-1infectionsfoundatpresentareallsusceptiblepopulationofCCR5△32andCCR5m303.ThepolymorphismandfrequenciesofCCR5△32,CCR5m303,CCR2b-64IandSDF1-3'AallelesfromChineseHIV-1infectedpopulationweredisclosedinthisstudyforthefirsttime,whichisofsignificanceforstudyingthegeneticresistancetosusceptibilitytoHIV-1infectionaswellasAIDSdiseaseprogression.

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简介：瞄准：在首先有教养的人的胎儿的hepatocytes(HFH)调查肝炎B(HBV)的感染和复制。方法：人的胎儿的hepatocytes在没有浆液的中等、HBV积极的浆液是有教养的被增加进媒介学习hepatocytes的危险性到HBV感染。上层清液为ELISA被收集HBsAg和HBeAg的试金，和为HBV-DNA的量的荧光PCR试金日报。白朊和HBcAg，CK8和CK18表情被免疫组织化学在有教养的hepatocytes检测。lactatedehydrogenate(LDH)的内容被测量发现房间膜的正直。结果：一个稳定的hepatocyte文化系统被建立。HBV能感染hepatocytes并且复制，并且HBcAg表示能被免疫组织化学在象hepatocyte一样房间检测。在上层清液的HBV-DNA能从d被检测2到d18并且HBsAg和HBeAg在d3-d上是积极的18在HBV感染以后。在媒介的HBV从d增加了0到d6并且当房间日益增多地正在松开他们的hepatocyte显型，随后减少了。结论：HBV能感染人的胎儿的hepato-cytes并且复制。这个在试管内模型在与人的HBV入口联系进房间和随后的复制的早事件上允许详细研究。

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简介：瞄准：为了由学习在IFN-gamma基因多型性，包括的IFN-gamma+874A/T单个核苷酸多型性(SNP)和CA之间的关系探索孩子的危险性到子宫内的HBV感染，重复微卫星多型性和子宫内的HBV感染。方法：在IFN-gamma+874A/T单个核苷酸多型性的TaqMan荧光聚合酶链反应在子宫内的HBV感染组被测试(组我)并且孩子们组织的正常免疫者(组II)。毛状的电气泳动在上述二个组被执行到试金IFN-gammaCA重复微卫星多型性。结果：AA的频率，在并且TT遗传型在感染组织的子宫内的HBV是67.4%，19.6%和13.0%，并且45.2%，30.1%和24.7%分别地在正常有免疫力的孩子组织。有效差量在在二个组之间的IFN-gamma+874遗传型的频率分发被发现(chi2=5.102，P=0.02389)。在子宫内的HBV感染组，AA遗传型比在正常免疫者组织是更普通的。IFN-gamma+874A等位基因的频率在子宫内的HBV感染组是77.17%，并且60.27%在正常有免疫力的孩子组织。在子宫内的HBV感染组，IFN-gamma+874A等位基因比在正常免疫者组织是更普通的。有效差量在在二个组之间的频率分发被发现(chi2=7.238，P=0.02389，或=2.228，95%CI=1.244-3.992)。(CA12)IFN-gammaCA微卫星多型性的+/(CA12)+在子宫内的HBV感染组是11.90%，26.47%在正常有免疫力的孩子组织。有效差量在在二个组之间的频率分发被发现(chi2=5.64，P=0.0176)。IFN-gammaCA重复的频率在子宫内的HBV感染组是25%，43.38%在正常有免疫力的孩子组织。IFN-gammaCA重复的频率比在正常免疫者组织是在子宫内的HBV感染组的更少。有效差量在在二个组之间的频率分发被发现(chi2=7.548，P=0.0060)。结论：在IFN-gamma+874A/TSNP和子宫内的HBV感染之间以及在IFN-gammaCA微卫星多型性和子宫内的HBV感染之间有一种关系。IFN-gamma基因多型性可能在决定个人的危险�

简介：Objective:Tocomparethesensitivityandspecificityofthecervical/urethralswabswithvoidedurinespecimensforthedetectionofgenitourinarytractinfectionwithChlamydiatrachomatisanddeterminewhetherurinespecimenscanreplacethecervical/urethralswabsindetectionofC.trachomatis.Methods:Thematchedcervical/urethralswabsandvoidedurinespecimenswerecollectedfrom569patientsofSTDclinics.Polymerasechainreaction(PCR)assayspecificforC.trachomatisplasmidDNAandrapidantigentesting(Clearviewassay)wasusedtodetectC.trachomatis.Standardcriteriathatdefined""""true""""positiveincluded:1)positivePCRresultsbothincervical/urethralswabandvoidedurinespecimenor2)positivevoidedurineresultsbothbyPCRassayandclearviewtestor3)positiveresultsinbothPCRassayofcervical/urethralswabandclearviewtestofvoidedurine.Forstatisticalanalysis,thechi-squaretestwasused.Results:TheprevalenceofC.trachomatisinpatientswithsymptomswas12.1%(28/231)inwomenand10.4%(10/96)inmen,withnosignificantdifferencebetweenthem(x^2=0.21,P>0.05).TheprevalenceofC.trachomatisinpatientswithnosymptomswas11.0%(11/100)inwomenand15.5%(22/142)inmen,withasignificantdifferenceexistingbetweenthem.(x^2=4.0,P<0.05).Nosignificantdifference(P>0.05)existedbetweenPCRtestingofswabs(sensitivity87.3%;specificity99.2%)andPCRtestingofurine(sensitivity88.7%;specificity98.8%).Asforclearviewassay,sensitivitywas60.6%andspecificitywas100%.Conclusions:PCRassayissuperiortoclearviewindetectingC.trachomatis.AlthoughbothPCRtestingofswabsandPCRtestingofurinespecimensbothhavehighsensitivityandspecificity,urinespecimentestingismorecost-effective,practicalandnoninvasive.ThusurinespecimenscantaketheplaceoftheswabsinPCRtestingforchlamydia.

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简介：Toinvestigatethematernal-infantileinfectionwithhumanparvovirusB19,theIgGandIgMantibodiesagainsthumanparvovirusandtheB19-DNAinserumandperipheralbloodmononuclearcells(PBMC)ofpregnantwomenaswellastheserumIgMantibodyagainstB19andtheB19-DNAinserumandcordbloodnucleatedcells(CBNC)ofnewbornsweredeterminedbyELISAandnestedPCRrespectively.ItwasfoundthatthepositiverateoftheIgGantibodyagainsthumanparvovirusB19inseraof92pregnantwomenwas38.04%(35/92),andthatoftheIgMantibodyin720pregnantwomenwas9.03%(65/720).However,theIgMantibodyagainsthumanparvovirasB19wasnegativeinthecordbloodseraof95newborns.AstothehumanparvovirasB19DNA,noneof720pregnantwomenand95newbornswasprovedtobepositiveintheirsera,Nevertheless,thepositiverateoftheparvovirasB19DNAinPBMCwas3.06%(3/98)in98pregnantwomenand1.12%(1/89)inCBNCof89newborns.ItisconcludedthatthehistoryofinfectionwithhumanparvovirasB19existsincertainpregnantwomenwithasmallpercentageofpregnantwomeninfectedwithrecentoracuteinfectionsofB19virus.ThedetectionratesoftheB19viralDNAinPBMCofpregnantwomenandCBNCofnewbornswerehigherthanthoseinsera,indicatingthattheriskforverticaltransmissionisverylow.

简介：生长因素midkine(MK)是由堵住HIV粒子的附件到容许的细胞在autocrine和paracrine举止在细胞文化禁止HIV感染的cytokine。MKmRNA系统地从健康施主在成年的外部血淋巴细胞被表示，当它的表示显著地变得时，但是短暂地增加了在之上在有由公众房产管理局或通过CD28抗原的约会的T淋巴细胞的IL-2或IFN-gamma和激活的淋巴细胞的vitro治疗。到房间的MK的绑定在高度和一个低亲密关系绑定地点明确地发生。这个低亲密关系绑定地点是房间表面表示了nucleolin，它在HIV粒子的起始的附件的机制被含有到房间。因此，而它阻止MK的绑定到低亲密关系绑定地点，nucleolin有约束力的HB-19假肽没在MK绑定上有效果到高亲密关系绑定地点，因此建议MK的低亲密关系受体是cell-surface-expressednucleolin。共焦的免疫荧光激光显微镜学在不同的点揭示了MK和cell-surface-expressednucleolin的colocalization。nucleolin的各种各样的删除构造的使用然后显示极端C终端nucleolin结束，包含氨基酸主题RGG的重复，作为绑MK的领域。到表面nucleolin的MK的特定的绑定独立于heparan硫酸盐和chondroitin硫酸盐proteoglycans。在到房间的绑定以后，MK由nucleolin和类脂化合物椽子在看起来被含有的一个活跃过程进入房间。有势力和与它在由各种各样的生理的刺激的淋巴细胞的提高的表示一起的MK的不同anti-HIV行动，指出MK是能涉及HIV的cytokine致病。

简介：AbstractInfection prevention and control (IPC) measures to reduce transmission of drug-resistant and drug-sensitive tuberculosis (TB) in health facilities are well described but poorly implemented. The implementation of TB IPC has been assessed primarily through quantitative and structured approaches that treat administrative, environmental, and personal protective measures as discrete entities. We present an on-going project entitled Umoya omuhle ( "good air" ), conducted in two provinces of South Africa, that adopts an interdisciplinary, 'whole systems’ approach to problem analysis and intervention development for reducing nosocomial transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) through improved IPC. We suggest that TB IPC represents a complex intervention that is delivered within a dynamic context shaped by policy guidelines, health facility space, infrastructure, organisation of care, and management culture. Methods drawn from epidemiology, anthropology, and health policy and systems research enable rich contextual analysis of how nosocomial Mtb transmission occurs, as well as opportunities to address the problem holistically. A 'whole systems’ approach can identify leverage points within the health facility infrastructure and organisation of care that can inform the design of interventions to reduce the risk of nosocomial Mtb transmission.

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简介：文章介绍在放射治疗以后为侵略aspergilloma经历了部分肺切除术的一个48岁的白人的案例研究。CYP4503A4的posaconazole抑制引起了病人的提高的topiramate层次，这被假设。这也被报导以便证实相互作用并且阐明精确机制，在posaconazole和topiramate之间的相互作用的进一步的pharmacokinetic分析被保证。

简介：AbstractProsthetic infection is one of the severe postoperative complications of arthroplasty. Mixed bacterial-fungal prosthetic infection is rare but can be disastrous. This case was a 76-year-old female suffered from prosthetic infection following total hip replacement due to femoral neck fracture and underwent multiple debridements. The culture of periprosthetic tissue was bacteriologically sterile following the first debridement, while the Staphylococcus hominis was identified in the second debridement in the previous hospitalization where fungal infection had not been considered. Thus the pathogen spectrum of anti-infection therapy failed to contain fungus. Ultimately, the culture result of our sampled periprosthetic tissue during the third debridement was Candida albicans without bacterium in our hospital. The fungal prosthetic infection was successfully treated by a two-stage revision with antifungal drugs. Accurate diagnosis and standardized treatment is the key to the therapy of infection after hip arthroplasty, especially for mixed bacterial-fungal prosthetic infection.

简介：AbstractSevere fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) was first detected in China in 2009. The incidence of SFTS increases year by year, and there is no effective treatment. Considering that the reported prevalence of SFTSV infection varies from region to region, we aimed to quantitatively evaluate the epidemic characteristics of SFTSV infection in China from 2010 to 2020, including the distribution differences in infectious season, sex, age, occupation, and region. A meta-analysis framework was used to search for the related published data with keywords in electronic databases (CNKI, WanFang, CBM, and PubMed). According to the PRISMA statement, the studies that included SFTS diagnosed in China were analyzed. Furthermore, we used Revman and Stata to merge statistical effects, and used I2 and P-values for heterogeneity test and quality assessment. Eleven studies containing 4,932 cases confirmed by SFTSV infection were included in this meta-analysis. The ratio of male-to-female is 1.04 to 1. Cases were concentrated between 40 and 80 years of age (MD = 92%, 95%CI: 91%-93%). Farmers are at the highest risk of SFTSV infection (MD = 84%, 95%CI: 77%-90%). The risk of infection for consecutive period of April-August was significantly higher than the sum of the remaining months (MD = 82%, 95%CI: 78%-85%). In addition, the patient has an extensive history of exposure, including living in the mountains, exposure to ticks, livestock, mouse and the patient. We came to the conclusion that SFTSV is transmitted primarily through tick bites in China, so middle-aged and older adults living in mountains regions are at the highest risk for SFTSV infection in April through August each year.