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简介：<正>PresidentXiJinpingputforwardtheterm"SilkRoadEconomicBelt"onSeptember7th,2013inKazakhstanwhenheproposedinhisspeech"toforgeclosereconomicties,deepencooperationandexpanddevelopmentspaceintheEurasianregion,weshouldtakeaninnovativeapproachandjointly

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简介：AbstractPurpose:Comparison of effective road safety approaches with those of relatively similar countries can be used to identify possibilities for safety improvement. Since there is no clear and comprehensive study of countries' current and successful approaches to road safety in the world, the aim of this study was to identifying common road safety approaches in the world.Methods:This study was performed using scoping review and thematic analysis. The study followed the approach proposed by Arksey and O'Malley. In this study all articles were selected without time limit by searching in the following databases: Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, ProQuest, and Embase. An initial search of 5612 papers was found and finally, 20 papers met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed.Results:There were different road safety approaches in different countries around the world, which were classified in three themes: traditional approach, systemic approach, and vision zero. The traditional approach includes the sub-theme of the road-user approach, and the causal approach. The systemic approach also includes sub-themes of sustainable safety, safety system, and the United Nations plan for decade of action.Conclusion:A systemic approach to road safety seems to be welcomed by most developed and developing countries, and a paradigm shift towards a safe system has taken place. Also, given the successful results of implementing vision zero in leading countries, most countries are trying to design and implement this approach. Finally, the choice and implementation of road safety approaches varies according to the principles, priorities and infrastructure of each country.

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简介：Asanintegralcomponentofthe＂OneBeltandOneRoad＂strategicvision,theconstructionofthe21stCenturyMaritimeSilkRoadwillreflectthedevelopingpathofChina＇smaritimegeo-economywithsignificantpolit-icalanddiplomaticimplications.Althoughtheconstructionofthenewmaritimesilkroadhasits？endogenouslogicandjustifiedconsiderations,itwillencountervariouschallengesanddifficulties.Inordertoachievethestrategicgoalofsettingupacommunity？ofcommoninterestand？destinywiththerelativecountries,the＂MaritimeSilkRoad＂programhastobeadvancedcautiouslywiththeprinciplesofwideconsultation,jointcontributionandsharedbenefits.

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简介：我们在一条森林道路的不同部分测量了erodibility和土壤总数的吝啬的重量直径(MWD)。表层土的样品从cutslope，fillslope，估计质地的道路表面和森林地面，体积密度，潮湿，CaCO3和有机物被收集。土壤总数稳定性被湿sieving决定。道路表面上的土壤erodibility分别地比在fillslope和cutslope上高2.3和1.3倍。森林土壤有最低erodibility。cutslope和道路表面的总数稳定性分别地低、很低。在有CaCO3和沙内容的cutslopeerodibility之间有一种重要否定关系。Cutslopeerodibility与增加淤泥，泥土和潮湿内容增加了。在fillslopes上，MWD与增加岩石碎片盖子，植物盖子，崽盖子，有机物和沙增加了。在fillslopeerodibility和有机物之间有强壮的否定关联，沙和MWD。在悬钩子属植物hyrcanusL下面赤裸的土壤和土壤的erodibility之间没有重要差别。并且Philonotismarchica(Hedw)Brid。

简介：为图解的道路网络的多重限制印射地图的设计被分析并且总结。基于这，一套量的标准被设置，一条新道路联网归纳方法包括进步选择和排水量被建议。而且，为道路网络的拓扑的检查方法被研究。把限制基于这些，在一个道路网络的点被分类，并且当维持在原版和草图之间的道路网络的拓扑的一致性时，一张令人满意、有效的草图在一个具体实验被设计。

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简介：Uptonow,detailedstrategiesandalgorithmsofautomaticchangedetectionforroadnetworksbasedonGIShavenotbeendiscussed.Thispaperdiscussestwodifferentstrategiesofautomaticchangedetec-tionforimageswithlowresolutionandhighresolutionusingoldGISdata,andpresentsabufferdetectionandtracingalgorithmfordetectingroadfromlow-resolutionimagesandanewprofiletracingalgorithmfordetectingroadfromhigh-resolutionimages.Forfeature-levelchangedetection(FL-CD),aso-calledbufferdetectionalgo-rithmisproposedtodetectchangesoffeatures.SomeideasandalgorithmsofusingGISpriorinformationandsomecontextinformationsuchassubstructuresofroadinhigh-resolutionimagestoassistroaddetectionandextractionaredescribedindetail.

简介：福雷斯特土壤是自然环境的一个重要部件，并且是许多生物活动的主要媒介。在这研究，由开凿者和推土机(重设备)的土壤损失和排水量在切割上被测量并且充满位于Mazandaran省的森林道路的斜坡，伊朗。土壤损失的体积被切并且充满的斜坡变丑在之间的prismoidal分析估计两次处理(在subgrading和二年下面以后)在斜坡班上3050%和5070%。土壤损失的重量被乘土壤损失(cm3)的体积到一般体积密度(1.3g/cm3)计算。土壤由重设备代替了区域根据土工作被评估宽度。结果显示那台重设备在变丑上有重要效果切斜坡坡度并且充满斜坡长度(p<0.0001)。在二年的时期期间，切割(p<0.0002)并且充满(p<0.0001)斜坡坡度显著地在不同斜坡班上被使变形。由开凿者和推土机的平均土壤损失分别地是160.35t/hayr和429.09t/hayr。而且，土壤由推土机在subgrading进程期间代替了区域比在二个斜坡类上的开凿者大(p<0.05)。玷污损失，在森林道路的排水量能被在subgrading工程使用强大的开凿者减少，特别在陡峭的地面。

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简介：The21stcentury'MaritimeSilkRoad'strategyisasignificantpartofthebeltandroadinitiativesofChina.Thecognitionandinvestigationofoceanenvironmentisessentialandnecessaryintheseregionswhichwillprovidescientificreferenceformanyfieldssuchasnavigation,oceanengineering,anddisasterpreventandreduction.Ahigh-resolutioncross-calibratedmulti-platformwindproductisusedtoanalyzegalesovertheMaritimeSilkRoad.Theyearlymeanspeedandspacedistributionofgale,andthefrequenciesandtrendsofgaleandextremewindspeedareanalyzed.TheresultsshowthatrelativelyhighpoolsofgalearemainlylocatedinthewatersoftheArabianSea,theSomaliSea,Indo-ChinaPeninsulaseaarea,andBayofBengalinthesummer.ThegalefrequencyoftheSomaliSeaismorethan90%.Overall,thegaledaysincreaseyearbyyearinthemajorityoftheSouthChinaSeaandthenorthernIndianOcean,especiallyintheautumnandthewinter.

简介：Amethodofdetectingdry,icyandwetroadsurfaceconditionsbasedonscanningdetectionofsinglewavelengthbackwardpowerisproposedinthisletter.Thedetectorisusedtoreceivethebackwardscatteredpowerwhichchangeswiththeincidenceangle.Therelationshipbetweenbackwardpowerandincidenceangleisusedtofindouttheeffectiveanglerangeanddistinguishmethod.Experimentandsimulationshowthatitisfeasibletoclassifythesethreeconditionswithinincidenceangleof5.3degree.

简介：我们在北伊朗的多山的森林里根据包含的山腰材料(土壤或岩石)和山腰坡度的类型调查了邻近小量的道路的树看台的损坏的分发和频率。80个阴谋的一个总数系统地并且随机被取样记录损坏的树(弯曲，压碎并且伤害)由在道路的边的山腰坡度和材料的班。树在岩石斜坡伤害并且压碎比在有黏土的混合的山腰显著地大(p?45%是比在有斜坡坡度的山腰上更经常的2，8.5和2.3次<15%为分别地弯曲，压碎并且伤害。类型和最经常的损坏改变的损坏分发是树伤害(p?