简介:WhenaccountingtheCO2emissionsresponsibilityoftheelectricitysectorattheprovinciallevelinChina,itisofgreatsignificancetoconsiderthescopeofbothproducers’andtheconsumers’responsibility,sincethiswillpromotefairnessindefiningemissionresponsibilityandenhancecooperationinemissionreductionamongprovinces.Thispaperproposesanewmethodforcalculatingcarbonemissionsfromthepowersectorattheprovinciallevelbasedonthesharedresponsibilityprincipleandtakingintoaccountinterregionalpowerexchange.Thismethodcannotonlybeusedtoaccounttheemissionresponsibilitysharedbyboththeelectricityproductionsideandtheconsumptionside,butitisalsoapplicableforcalculatingthecorrespondingemissionresponsibilityundertakenbythoseprovinceswithnetelectricityoutflowandinflow.ThismethodhasbeenusedtoaccountforthecarbonemissionsresponsibilitiesofthepowersectorattheprovinciallevelinChinasince2011.Theempiricalresultsindicatethatcomparedwiththeproduction-basedaccountingmethod,thecarbonemissionsofmajorpower-generationprovincesinChinacalculatedbythesharedresponsibilityaccountingmethodarereducedbyatleast10%,butthoseofotherpower-consumptionprovincesareincreasedby20%ormore.Secondly,basedontheprincipleofsharedresponsibilityaccounting,InnerMongoliahasthehighestcarbonemissionsfromthepowersectorwhileHainanhasthelowest.Thirdly,fourprovinces,includingInnerMongolia,Shanxi,HubeiandAnhui,havethehighestcarbonemissionsfromnetelectricityoutflow-14milliontin2011,accountingfor74.42%oftotalcarbonemissionsfromnetelectricityoutflowinChina.Sixprovinces,includingHebei,Beijing,Guangdong,Liaoning,Shandong,andJiangsu,havethehighestcarbonemissionsfromnetelectricityinflow-11milliontin2011,accountingfor71.44%oftotalcarbonemissionsfromnetelectricityinflowinChina.Lastly,thispaperhasestimatedtheemissionfactorsofelectricity
简介:为了研究单车事故中柱状物对客车驾驶室的影响,采用三维显式有限元分析软件LS-DYNA3D建立了客车正面撞击刚性柱的数值模拟模型。刚性柱直径依据美国法规FMVSS214来设定,分别为254mm(D)、381mm(1.5D)和508mm(2D),客车初速度分别设置为30km/h、40km/h和50km/h。基于GB11551—2014《汽车正面碰撞的乘员保护》和美国法规FMVSS214《侧面碰撞保护》试验要求,分别开展不同速度(30km/h、40km/h、50km/h)及不同刚性柱直径(254mm(D)、381mm(1.5D)、508mm(2D))工况下客车正面撞击刚性柱虚拟仿真试验。选取12个参数来评价刚性柱对客车驾驶室完整性的影响,包括驾驶室左侧6个测量点和驾驶室右侧6个测量点,驾驶室左侧结构6个测量点的最大位移表示驾驶室左侧结构的最大变形量,驾驶室右侧结构6个测量点的最大位移表示驾驶室右侧结构的最大变形量。结果表明:刚性柱直径一定时,初始速度越大,驾驶室完整性越差;初始速度一定时,刚性柱直径越大,驾驶室完整性越好。
简介:国务院安委会办公室前期相继印发了《标本兼治遏制重特大事故工作指南》和《关于实施遏制重特大事故工作指南构建双重预防机制的意见》,要求各地区、各有关部门和单位紧紧围绕遏制重特大事故,突出重点地区、重点企业、重点环节和重点岗位,抓住辨识管控重大风险的关键,准确把握安全生产的特点和规律,坚持风险预控、关口前移,全面推行安全风险分级管控,推进事故预防工作科学化、信息化、标准化。为了帮助各地区、各企业系统理解、准确把握安全风险分级管控的相关概念、内涵及逻辑关系,加快推进安全风险分级管控体系建设工作,本刊特选编安全风险管控相关知识分期刊出,供有关部门及企业参考借鉴。