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简介：Weanalyzethedecadalvariationofthestratospheretropospherecoupledsystemaroundtheyear2000byusingtheNCEPreanalysis-2data.Specifically,therelationshipbetweentheNorthernHemisphereAnnularMode(NAM)andthetroposphericEastAsiantroughisinvestigatedinordertofindtheeffectivestratosphericsignalsduringcoldairoutbreaksinChina.Statisticalanalysesanddynamicdiagnosesbothindicatethatafter2000,increasedstratosphericpolarvortexdisturbancesoccurandtheNAMismainlyinnegativephase.Thetroposphericpolarareasaredirectlyaffectedbythepolarvortex,andinthemidlatitudes,theUralblockinghighandEastAsiantrougharemoreactive,whichleadtoenhancedcoldairactivitiesineasternandnorthernChina.Furtherinvestigationrevealsthatunderthiscirculationpattern,downwardpropagationsofnegativeNAMindexarecloselyrelatedtotheintensityvariationoftheEastAsiantrough.WhennegativeNAManomaliespropagatedowntotheuppertroposphereandreachacertainintensity(standardizedNAMindexlessthan1),theyresultinapparentreinforcementoftheEastAsiantrough,whichreachesitsmaximumintensityaboutoneweeklater.Thenortherlywindbehindthetroughtransportscoldairsouthwardandeastward,andtherangeofinfluenceandtheintensityarecloselyassociatedwiththetroughlocation.Therefore,theNAMindexcanbeusedasameasureofthesignalsfromthedisturbedstratospheretogivesomeindicationofcoldairactivitiesinChina.

简介：Forrecentyears,runoffgenerationandhydrologicalprocessesinHailiutuRiverbasinhavebeengreatlychangedbyclimatechangeandhumanactivity,especiallywaterandsoilconservationconstruction.Inthisstudy,thetrendsinprecipitation,evapotranspiration(ET)andriverrunoffaswellastheeffectsofprecipitationchangeandhumanactivityonrunoffvariationhavebeenstudied.Theresultsshowedthatduring1960-2000,annualprecipitationandriverrunoff,monthlyprecipitationandETinSeptemberandOctoberaswellasmonthlyrunoffinallmonthsshowedasignificantdecrease.Inaddition,peakflowandbaseflowhadalargedecrease.Underthejointinfluenceofprecipitationchangeandhumanactivity,themeanannualrunoffdecreasedby35millionm3fromthebaselineperiod(1960-1985)tothechangeperiod(1986-2000),whichaccountedfor60.9%and39.1%ofthetotalrunoffdecrease,respectively.Precipitationchangeplayedaprimaryroleinthedecreaseofannualrunoffwhereashumanactivity,particularlywaterandsoilconservationconstruction,alsohadremarkableimpactsonrunoffvariation.

简介：Scalefactorofaconstantratebiasedringlasergyro(RLG)isstudiedboththeoreticallyandexperimentally.Byanalyzingexperimentaldata,wefindthattherearethreemaintermscontributingtothescalefactordeviation.Oneofthemisindependentoftime,thesecondvarieslinearlywithtimeandthethirdvariesexponentiallywithtime.Theoreticalanalysesshowthatthefirsttermiscausedbyexperimentalsetup,thesecondandthethirdarecausedbyun-uniformthermalexpensionandcavitylossvariationoftheRLG.

简介：在1998和1999在Bohai海基于中国德语的全面调查的实验数据，一个简单联合pelagic-benthic生态系统多盒子模型被用来模仿生态系统季节变异。远洋的亚模型由七个州的变量组成：浮游植物，浮游动物，锡，尖端，文档，停靠港和溶解的氧()。benthicsub模型在沉积包括宏底生生物，meiobenthos，细菌，岩屑，听和尖端。除从海底部渗出的太阳辐射，水温和营养素的效果以外，以地为基地的输入被考虑。在盒子之间的移流术语的影响也被考虑。同时，micro-bial-loop的效果与simpleparameterization被介绍。季节变异和生态系统的水平分布声明Bohai海的变量被模仿。与观察相比，themulti盒子模型的结果是合理的。建模的结果证明大约13%光合作用初级生产量去主要食物环，20%转到benthic领域，44%被浮游植物的呼吸消费，并且剩余的去文档。模型结果也在Bohai海，和它对年度浮游动物生产的贡献的生态系统显示出微生物引起的食物环的重要性能是60%-64%。

简介：Theinfluenceoftheinterannualvariationofcross-equatorialflow(CEF)ontropicalcyclogenesisoverthewesternNorthPacific(WNP)isexaminedinthispaperbyusingthetropicalcyclone(TC)besttrackdatafromtheJointTyphoonWarningCenterandtheJRA-25reanalysisdataset.TheresultsshowedthatthenumberofTCsformingtotheeastof140°EoverthesoutheasternpartofthewesternNorthPacific(WNP)isinhighlypositivecorrelationwiththevariationoftheCEFnear125°Eand150°E,i.e.,thenumberoftropicalcyclogenesesincreaseswhenthecross-equatorialflowsarestrong.CompositeanalysesshowedthatduringtheyearsofstrongCEF,thevariationsofOLR,verticalwindshearbetween200-850hPa,850hParelativevorticityand200hPadivergencearefavorablefortropicalcyclogenesistotheeastof140°EoverthetropicalWNP,andviceversa.Moreover,itisalsodiscussedfromtheviewofbarotropicenergyconversionthatduringtheyearsofstrongCEF,aneastward-extendedmonsoontroughleadstotherapidgrowthofeddykineticenergyovertheeasternpartofWNP,whichisfavorablefortropicalcyclogenesis;butduringtheyearsofweakCEF,themonsoontroughislocatedwestwardinthewesternpartoftheWNP,consistentwiththegrowthareaofeddykineticenergy.Asaresult,therearefewerTCgenesesovertheeasternpartofWNP.Besides,theabruptstrengtheningofaclose-byCEF2-4daysbeforetropicalcyclogenesismaybetheoneofitstriggers.

简介：根据在估计内部独居的波浪(ISW)在圆柱的堆积上施加的力量和转矩的Morisons实验公式和形式的分离方法，负担甚至在ISW的振幅是一样的条件下面在华南海(SCS)在大陆人架的一样的地点主要在不同季节由ISW变化施加了，这被发现。因此，ISW施加的力量和转矩上的一个季节的水层化变化的效果被调查，并且一个三参数的层化模特儿被雇用。ISW施加的负担主要取决于水层化，这被显示出。越强壮水层化，越larger力量和转矩；当最大的thermocline出现的深度被加深时，力量减少，但是转矩增加；当thermocline的宽度被缩小时，力量增加，但是转矩减少。ISW在SCS在四个季节施加的力量和转矩的季节的变化因此被解释。

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简介：这篇文章主要在淹没，沉积交通和泛滥平原的词法变化上在开发综合2-D瞄准数字simulationmodel到期的tohigh沉积沉重的淹没流动。由于在泛滥平原的计算领域以内的内部、外部的边界和thearbitrary结构的复杂性，未组织的Finite-VolumeMethod(FVM)基于一个不规则的多角形网孔被得出以便complexboundaries的影响能集成于模拟。案例研究在更低的YellowRiver盆，在Huayuankou水文学车站的一个堤裂缝在被假定发生被进行1982的whena洪水规模在这个区域被承受。sedimentdeposition和侵蚀的模仿的空间分发能被用来相当解释“黄河的更低的部分的推迟的河”的自然现象。因为沉积免职anderosion被新值在结束修改，到variable-river-bed的水issimilar的淹没进程在模拟期间调节，这被结束每次走。团和动量conservationwere严格地在模拟期间列在后面。因此，由综合模拟模型的floodplainevolutions的预言，在这研究求婚了，如果一个泛滥平原的真实条件能详细被获得，能andaccurately足够地被给。

简介：LuangPrabangProvinceislocatedwithinthearearecognizedasthecenterofrice(OryzasativaL.)diversityinLaoPDR.Thisstudyreportedongrainqualitycharacteristicsof60uplandriceseedsamplessharing49varietynamescollectedfrom6villagesinLuangPrabangin2015.Mostofthesampleshasnon-pigmentedpericarp,whileredpericarpwasfoundinfoursamplesandpurpleinfivesamples.Almostallofthesampleswereoflargegraintype,withglutinousendospermin70%andnon-glutinousendospermin30%.Thebrown(unpolished)ricewasfoundwithawiderangeofgrainnutritionalquality,includingprotein(9.2%±0.9%),Fe(15.9±6.9mg/kg),Zn(19.6±2.1mg/kg),anthocyanin(0.774±0.880mg/g),andanti-oxidativecapacity(2.071±1.373mg/g).Thevarietiessharingsimilarnameshadsimilarmorphologicalcharacteristicsbutvariedinnutritionalconcentration,withrequiredconfirmationingeneticvariationanalysis.Thisstudyfoundthatsomericevarietieswithhighgrainqualitymaybenefitthefarmersdirectlyorcouldbeusedinvarietalimprovementprograms.

简介：参数公式和Gronwall类型积分不平等的一个变化为包含一般piecewise的一个微分方程被证明或者先进、延迟的争论。

简介：进行中的气候变化是对生物多样性的主要威胁。不管多么许多种类清楚地受不了进行中的气候变化，例如，其它由显示出范围扩大得益于它。然而，特定的特征哪个决定种类危险到气候变化？Phenotypic粘性，对环境变化被描述了为防卫的第一根线，可能在这里具有最大的重要性。对这个背景，我们这里在3铜蝴蝶种类在压力忍耐比较粘性，它在他们对气候变化的弱点可以证明不同。明确地，我们在成年阶段在acclimatization以后调查了热，寒冷和干燥抵抗到不同温度。我们证明在更高的温度的环境适应增加了热，但是减少冷忍耐和干燥抵抗。与我们的预言相反，种类没在压力抵抗显示出显著变化，尽管在温度的塑料能力强调抵抗确实越过种类变化了。总的来说，我们的结果似乎比speciesspecific模式反映populationrather。我们断定使用的人口的地理起源应该在比较研究被认为平。然而，我们的结果建议在这里学习的3种类，对气候变化的弱点没被压力抵抗首先在成年阶段决定。当昆虫学的研究仅仅实在太经常集中于成年人，当试着理解昆虫回答到环境变化时，我们主张更多的研究努力应该被奉献给另外的发展阶段。

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简介：在北中国的城市的加热说明40%全部的大楼精力用法。在中央加热系统，热被几热exchangers分别地在热来源，变电所和终端被安装的热网络经常从热来源转移到用户。为加热能力和热来源温度的给定的外套，增加终端液体温度是为精力节省改进如此的串联热交换网络的热表演的一个有效方法。在这份报纸，有在系列的三阶段的热exchangers的串联热交换网络的数学优化模型被建立。在为液体流动评估的给定的热液体温度和全面加热能力，最佳的热交换区域分发和媒介最大化冷液体温度的目的通过反的问题和变化方法被决定。初步的结果证明热交换区域应该为每热exchanger同等地是分布式的。以便改进整个系统的热性能也显示那，更多的热交换区域应该被分配到二液体之间的流动率差别是相对小的热exchanger。这个工作为指导加热系统的实际串联的优化设计是重要的。

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简介：TwoclonaltrialstandsofChineseFir（Cunninghamialanceolata）wereusedinthisstudy,onewas19-year-oldstandwhichincluded38clones,andtheotherwas17-year-oldstandincluding102clones.Thestatisticalanalysesshowedthattherewereverysignificantgeneticvariationsinheight,DBH,volumeandratioofheartwood(Rhw),woodbasicdensity（ρb）oftheclonesinthetwostands.Therepeatabilityofcloneswasinmediantohighlevel,andthegeneticCVwasdifferentovertheallfivetraits.Therewereverysignificantphenotypicandgeneticcorrelationsamongheight,DBHandvolume,andnegativecorrelationsamonggrowth,Rhwandρb.Theselectionmethodexperimentindicatedthatindexselectioncouldimprovevolume,Rhwandρb,showingsyntheticallysuperiorselectioneffectscomparedtoanyindividualtraitselectionmethods.

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简介：ByemployingthereductiveperturbationtechniquewederivedaKadomtsev-Petviashviliequationforunmagnetizeddustyplasmas.Itsuggeststhatthenonlineardustacousticsolitarywaveswithadiabaticvariationofdustchargearestableeventherearesomehigherordertransverseperturbatoins.Thereareonlyrarefactivesolitarywavesforthissystemwhichhasbeenverifiedanalyticallyinthispaper.