简介：Inthisstudy,wedevelopedageneralmethodtoanalyticallytackleakindofmovableboundaryproblemfromtheviewpointofenergyvariation.Havinggroupedtheadhesionofamicro-beam,dropletandcarbonnanotube(CNT)ringonasubstrateintooneframework,weusedthedevelopedlineofreasoningtoinvestigatetheadhesionbehaviorsofthesesystems.Baseduponthederivedgoverningequationsandtransversalityconditions,explicitsolutionsinvolvingthecriticalparametersandmorphologiesforthethreesystemsaresuccessfullyobtained,andthentheparameteranalogiesandcommoncharacteristicsofthemarethoroughlyinvestigated.Thepresentedmethodhasbeenverifiedviatheconceptofenergyreleaserateinfracturemechanics.Ouranalysesprovideanewapproachforexploringthemechanismofdifferentsystemswithsimilaritiesaswellasforunderstandingtheunityofnature.Theanalysisresultsmaybebeneficialforthedesignofnano-structuredmaterials,andholdpotentialforenhancingtheirmechanical,chemical,opticalandelectronicproperties.

简介：Understandingofthetemporalvariationofoceanicheatcontent(OHC)isoffundamentalimportancetothepredictionofclimatechangeandassociatedglobalmeteorologicalphenomena.However,OHCcharacteristicsinthePaci

简介：BasedonarrivaltimedataofseismicphasesofML≥2.0earthquakesmeasuredatShanxiDigitalSeismicNetworkfortheperiodfromJanuary2001toOctober2014,V_P/V_SintheShanxiregioniscalculatedusingtheWadatisinglestationandmulti-earthquakemethod,andaninvestigationisconductedintothevariationbehaviorofV_P/V_SintheShanxiregionbeforeandafterthethreeearthquakesofMS≥4.5in2010.OurstudyfindsthatabnormalV_P/V_Sappearedearlieratdistantstationsbeforeallofthethreeearthquakes,whichisatthetimerangefrom6monthsto1yearbeforetheearthquakes,andlateratnearstations,atthetimerange10daysto2monthsbeforeearthquakes.Therefore,itspossibletonarrowdownthescopeofthelocationinearthquakepredictionfromthedistantandnearstationdata.ThecalculationsofDongshanseismicstationindicatethatthesizeoftheresidualoftheorigintimehasimpactonthedetailofV_P/V_Svariation,thus,appropriatethresholdsshouldfirstlybesetfortheresidualsoforigintimeateachseismicstationinpracticalapplication,toensurescientificandsteadyV_P/V_Scalculations.

简介：Spatio-temporalvariationofactualevapotranspiration(ETa)inthePearlRiverbasinfrom1961to2010areanalyzedbasedondailydatafrom60nationalobservedstations.ETaiscalculatedbytheAdvection-Ariditymodel(AAmodel)inthecurrentstudy,andMann-Kendalltest(MK)andInverseDistanceWeightedinterpolationmethod(IDW)wereappliedtodetectthetrendsandspatialvariationpattern.TherelationsofETawithclimateparametersandradiation/dynamictermsareanalyzedbyPersoncorrelationmethod.Ourfindingsareshownasfollows:1)MeanannualETainthePearlRiverbasinisabout665.6mm/a.Ithassignificantlydecreasedin1961-2010atarateof-24.3mm/10a.Seasonally,negativetrendsofsummerandautumnETaarehigherthanthatofspringandwinter.2)ThevalueofETaishigherinthesoutheastcoastalareathaninthenorthwestregionofthePearlRiverbasin,whilethelatterhasshownthestrongestnegativetrend.3)NegativetrendsofETainthePearlRiverbasinaremostprobablyduetodecreasingradiationtermandincreasingdynamicterm.Thedecreaseoftheradiationtermisrelatedwithdecliningdiurnaltemperaturerangeandsunshineduration,andrisingatmosphericpressureaswell.Thecontributionofdynamictermcomesfromincreasingaveragetemperature,maximumandminimumtemperaturesinthebasin.Meanwhile,thedecreasingaveragewindspeedweakensdynamictermandfinally,toacertainextent,itslowsdownthenegativetrendoftheETa.

简介：Asthestrongestsubseasonalatmosphericvariabilityduringborealwinter,threeremarkablesuddenstratosphericmajorwarming(SSW)eventsinthe2000sareinvestigatedintermsoftheBrewer–Dobsoncirculation(BDC)response.Ourstudyshowsthatthechangesofcross-isentropicvelocityduringtheSSWsarenotonlyconfinedtothepolarregion,butalsoextendtothewholeNorthernHemisphere:enhanceddescentinthepolarregion,aswellasenhancedascentinthetropics.WhentheaccelerationofthedeepbranchoftheBDCdescendstothemiddlestratosphere,itsstrengthrapidlydecreasesoveraperiodofonetotwoweeks.TheaccelerationofthedeepbranchoftheBDCisdrivenbytheenhancedplanetarywaveactivityinthemid-to-high-latitudestratosphere.DifferentfromtherapidresponseofthedeepbranchoftheBDC,tropicalupwellinginthelowerstratosphereacceleratesupto20%–40%comparedwiththeclimatology,20–30daysaftertheonsetoftheSSWs,andtheaccelerationlastsforonetothreemonths.Theenhancementoftropicalupwellingisassociatedwiththelarge-scalewave-breakinginthesubtropicsinteractingwiththemidlatitudeandtropicalQuasi-BiennialOscillation–relatedmeanflow.

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简介：Usingthe1980-2010winterGODASoceanicassimilations,studyisconductedofthewinterheatcontent(HC)establishedinthesubsurfacelayer(5to366mindepth)overthewesternPacificwarmpool(WP),followedbyinvestigatingtheHCspatiotemporalcharacteristics,persistenceandtheimpactsontheclimateanomaliesofneighboringregions.Resultsareasfollows:1)thepatternofintegralconsistencyisuncoveredbytheleadingEOF1(PC1)modeofHCinterannualvariability,theyear-to-yearfluctuationofthetimecoefficientsbeingwellindicativeoftheinterannualanomalyoftheWPwintersubsurface-layerthermalregime.TheHCvariationisboundupwithElNi觡o-SouthernOscillation,keepingpronouncedautocorrelationduringthefollowingtwoseasonsandmore,withthepersistencebeingmorestableincomparisontoseasurfacetemperatureanomalyintheequatorialmiddleeasternPacific;2)thewinterHCanomaliesproducelastingeffectontheWPthermalstateinthefollowingspringandsummerandcorrespondingchangesinthewarmwatervolumeleadtothemeridionaltransportandverticalexchangeofwarmwater,whichexertsgreaterimpactsupontheseasurfacetemperature/heatfluxoverthewarmpoolperseandneighboringregions,especiallyinthePhilippineSeaduringtheposteriorspringandsummer;3)theincreaseinthewinterHCcorrespondstothespringoutgoinglongwaveradiation(OLR)decreaseandricherprecipitationoverthewaterseasttothePhilippineSeaandtheresultantconvectiveheatinganomaliesareresponsiblefortheriseofgeopotentialisobaricsurfacesovertropicalandsubtropicalwesternNorthPacific,therebyproducingeffectonthewesternPacificsubtropicalhigh(anomaly).Subsequently,thesea-surfaceheatfluxexchangeisintensifiedinthewarmpool,arobustanomalouscycloneshowsupatlowerlevels,air-seainteractionsareenhancedandabnormalconvectiveheatingoccurs,togethermakingthewinterHCanomaliesevenmorecloselyassociatedwiththevariationinthesu

简介：基于TIMESAT3.2站台，Qaidam的MODISNDVI数据(2000-2015)盆被适合，并且三个主要phenological参数与动态阀值的方法被提取包括生长季节(SGS)的开始，生长季节(EGS)和生长季节(LGS)的长度的结束。到气候变化的植被物候学和它的反应的空间、时间的变化分别地被分析。结论如下：(1)SGS主要总体上被推迟。推迟的区域多于在EGS，和EGS先进有点总体上被推迟。LGS通常被弄短。(2)与高度升起，SGS被推迟，EGS们被推进，并且LGS被弄短，phenophase出现在3000m下面并且在5000m上面的一个大变化。(3)从2000～2015，温度出现与一个大变化一起的细微增加，和降水显然增加。(4)到降水的phenophase的反应不在低举起是明显的潮湿的区域，在SGS早到达，EGS们推迟的地方；当在山区域的上面的部分，SGS推迟，EGS们与温度前进升起时，SGS早到达，EGS们与降水增加推迟。

简介：这研究检验从一种蚊虫quinquefasciatus的一张领域人口在单个蚊子涉及permethrin抵抗的开发的基因变化和机制，HAmCqG0,并且与领域HAmCqG0紧张。六upregulated细胞色素P450基因，CYP9M10，CYP9J34，CYP6P14，CYP9J40，CYP6AA7，和CYP4C52v1，以前作为是在抵抗HAmCqG8蚊子在3紧张的幼虫被检验(易受影响的平板，父母HAmCqG0和选择permethrin的高度抵抗的HAmCqG8)和8HAmCqG0单个鸡蛋的木排殖民地，盖住危险性/抵抗的层次的一个范围到permethrin并且在t展出不同变化有到permethrin的最低忍耐的2根线并且从殖民地Cx_SERC5和Cx_SERC8，完全在钠隧道的L-to-Fkdr地点忍受易受影响的A等位基因显示出与平板紧张相比测试的所有6P450基因的更低或类似的层次，建议这2排队能在在HAmCq蚊子描绘杀虫药剂抵抗的未来研究被用作参考蚊子。这研究也提供在一张人口以内在个人涉及杀虫药剂抵抗的机制的详细调查：有到permethrin的抵抗的提高的层次的个人都显示了提高的抵抗机制任何一个在钠隧道，或两个P450基因表示，或L-to-F变化铺平的至少一个潜力。

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简介：基于国家中心因为环境预言(NCEP)和气候预言中心(CPC)合并了降水(CMAP)数据和CloudSat产品的分析，云性质的季节的变化，垂直出现频率，并且冰水内容阴郁东南的中国在这研究被调查。在CloudSat数据，在高或低的云模式的重要引申在东南的中国上从冬季被观察到夏天。东方亚洲夏天季风(EASM)发行量和它潮湿的运输导致有条件的不稳定性，这被发现，它在夏天有益于本地向上的运动，并且从而导致高云的增加的数量。深对流的云中心被发现与一致很好与向北方EASM前进，当触毛在传送对流中心后面稍微落后并且与流出和EASM的南方的风分叉与一致很好时。放射的加热率的分析表明丰富的夏天潮湿和更高的云在使动摇是有效的空气。而且，云热中间对流层并且云放射的加热被通过向上的运动的断热的冷却平衡，它由Sverdrup平衡引起南方的风。云强迫热的循环被观察与EASM发行量与一致很好，在EASM循环上用作积极效果。

简介：Generallyspeaking,mainflowpathofgasturbineisassumedtobeperfectforstandard3Dcomputation.Butinrealengine,theturbineannulusgeometryisnotcompletelysmoothforthepresenceoftheshroudandassociatedcavityneartheendwall.Besides,shroudleakageflowisoneofthedominantsourcesofsecondaryflowinturbomachinery,whichnotonlycausesadeteriorationofusefulworkbutalsoapenaltyonturbineefficiency.Ithasbeenfoundthatneglectshroudleakageflowmakesthecomputedvelocityprofilesandlossdistributionsignificantlydifferenttothosemeasured.Evenso,theinfluenceofshroudleakageflowisseldomtakenintoconsiderationduringtheroutineofturbinedesignduetoinsufficientunderstandingofitsimpactonendwallflowsandturbineperformance.Inordertoevaluatetheimpactoftipshroudgeometryonturbineperformance,a3Dcomputationalinvestigationfor1.5-stageturbinewithshroudedbladeswasperformedinthispaper.Thefollowinggeometryparameterswerevariedrespectively:-Inletcavitylengthandexitcavitylength,-Shroudoverhangupstreamoftherotorleadingedgeanddownstreamofthetrailingedge,-Shroudradialtipclearance,Theaimofthispaperistoisolatetheinfluenceofshroudandcavitygeometrymodificationsonturbineaerodynamicperformanceandtoobtaincleartrendsofefficiencychangescausedbydifferenttipshroudgeometry.Moreover,interactionbetweenleakageflowandmainstreamfordifferentshroudconfigurationisalsohighlightedinordertopenetrateintothephysicalmechanismsproducingthem.Duetothelimitationsofthemodelselectedinthispaper,theaimofresearchisnottoputforwardthedesignrulesofturbineshroud.However,theresultsobtainedfromthisworkwillbeusefultotheintegrateddesignandoptimizationofturbinewithshroudedblades.

简介：DifferencesinseedgerminationandseedlinggrowthamongpopulationsofPinusyunnanensisFranch.werequantifiedtoprovideinformationforuseintheregeneration,reforestation,andimprovementofthisspecies.Seedgerminationandseedlinggrowthtraitsatthenurserystagewereinvestigatedatthepopulationlevel.Weevaluatedrelationshipsbetweenpairsofmeasuredtraitsaswellastheassociationbetweenmeasuredtraitsandgeoclimaticvariablesincludinglongitude,latitude,elevation,temperatureandprecipitation.Seedlinggrowthshowedsignificantdifferencesalthoughalowmagnitudeofvariationwasfoundintheseedgerminationtraitsamongthepopulations.Somepopulationswithstrongandstablegrowth(e.g.,theBaoshanpopulation)maybeselectedassuperiorseedsourcesforregenerationandreforestation.Germinationpercentagewasnegativelycorrelatedwithelevation,andpositivelywithprecipitation.Inaddition,germinationindex,vigorindexandseedlingheightwerepositivelycorrelatedwithprecipitation.Seedgerminationindex,cotyledonnumberandlength,andseedlingdiameterweresignificantlyandpositivelycorrelatedwithseedweight.Strongcorrelationsbetweenpairsoftraitswillbehelpfulinearlyevaluationsfortheselectionofcertainprominenttraits.

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简介：Thenon-tidalvariationgainedfromcontinuousgravityobservationsinstationsusuallyreflectstheregionalcontinuousgravitychanges.Inthispaperwefocusonstudyingthenon-tidalvariationofBaijiatuanstation,Beijingwheretherearetwodifferentgravimeters(namely,L&R-804andPET-031).Basedontheoriginalrawtidalrecordsoftwogravimetersfrom2008to2011,wefirstremovevariousinterferencefromrawdatabythestandardproceduresoftware-Tsoft;thenwemodelthesolidearthtides,oceantidalloadingandpoletidethroughrelatedparameters;afterthatweadoptanewsegmentedpolynomialfittingmethodbasedonTsofttofitthecomplexdriftofspringgravimeter;andfinallywecalculatetheatmosphericloadingeffectsbyalinearregressionmodel.Afteraseriesofprocessingwegainthenon-tidalvariationofthetwogravimetersatBaijiatuansite,Beijing.Furthermore,toanalyzethenon-tidalvariationpreliminarily,westudythemaincomponentofrelatedtidaldatabypowerspectraldensity.Comparingthenon-tidalvariationoftwodifferentgravimeters,wefindseasonalfluctuationsinnon-tidalresults,whichareinaccordancewiththewaterstoragechange.Therefore,wetakeintoaccounttherelevanceofgravitychangesandwaterstoragebasedonthegravitydataofGRACEandwaterdataoftheCMAPmodelfrom2003to2011atdifferentsitesintheChinesemainland(Beijing,Chengdu,ShenyangandShiquanhe),andmakeapreliminaryanalysisontherelationshipbetweengravitychangesandwaterstorage.

简介：SignificantanomalieswereobservedatthegeomagneticstationsinthesouthwestregionofChinabeforetheYingjiangMS6.1earthquakeandtheLudianMS6.5earthquakein2014.Weprocessedthegeomagneticverticalcomponentdiurnalvariationdatabythespatialcorrelationmethod.TheresultsshowthatduringtheperiodfromApril1toMay20,2014,thereexistedquasi-synchronousdecreasechangesinthecoefficientcurvesbetweenthefivegeomagneticstationsofGuiyang,Hechi,Nanshan,Muli,YongningandXinyiandHongshanstations.Furthermore,therewasahighgradientzoneinthenormalizedcorrelationcoefficientcontourmapwithbackgroundvaluesremoved.TheepicentersoftheYingjiangMS6.1earthquakeandtheLudianMS6.5earthquakearelocatedinthegradientzoneornearthegradientzone.

简介：Squeezedstateoflightexploresanewerainnoiselesscommunicationanddataprocessingrecentlybreakingthequantumlimitofnoise.Weproposeanewmechanismofmodulatinganamplitude-squeezedsignalwiththeinstantaneousintensityvariationofacoherentsignal.Themodulatingsignalisacoherentlightwheretheamplitude-squeezedlighttakestheroleofacarriersignal.

简介：副热带的高度的山脉位置上的跨equatorial流动和它的影响的变化特征在这份报纸被分析了。它如下被显示出。(1)Somalicross赤道的流动的紧张与南部的半球的越来越强烈地在过去的44年和Northem半球交换的气流里在冬季和夏天正在增加。(2)在5月的Somalicross赤道的流动在台风季节在副热带的高度的山脉位置上有大多数影响，介绍积极关联。(3)诊断与在2005的真实状况一致。

简介：UsingtheCAM3.0model,weinvestigatedtherespectiveeffectsofaerosolconcentrationincreasinganddecadalvariationofglobalseasurfacetemperature(SST)aroundyear1976/77ontheEastAsianprecipitationinborealsummer.BydoublingtheconcentrationofthesulfateaerosolandblackcarbonaerosolseparatelyandsynchronouslyinEastAsia(100-150°E,20-50°N),theclimateeffectsoftheseaerosolsarespecificallyinvestigated.TheresultsshowthatboththedecadalSSTchangingandaerosolconcentrationincreasingcouldleadtorainfalldecreasinginthecenterofEastAsia,butincreasingintheregionsalongsoutheastcoastareasofChina.However,thedifferentpatternsofrainfalloveroceanandlowerwindfieldoverAsiancontinentbetweenaerosolexperimentsandSSTexperimentsinCAM3.0indicatethepresenceofdifferentmechanisms.Intheincreasedaerosolconcentrationexperiments,scatteringeffectisthemainclimateeffectforbothsulfateandblackcarbonaerosolsintheEasternAsiansummer.Especiallyintheincreasedsulfateaerosolconcentrationexperiment,theclimatescatteringeffectofaerosolleadstothemostsignificanttemperaturedecreasing,sinkingconvectionanomaliesanddecreasedrainfallinthetroposphereoverthecentralpartofEastAsia.However,inanincreasedblackcarbonaerosolconcentrationexperiment,weakenedsinkingconvectionanomaliesexistatthesoutherlyposition.ThisweakenedsinkinganditscompensatingrisingconvectionanomaliesinthesouthleadtotheheavyrainfalloversoutheastcoastareasofChina.Whenconcentrationsofbothsulfateandblackcarbonaerosolsincreasesynchronously,theanomalousrainfalldistributionissomewhatlikethatintheincreasedblackcarbonconcentrationaerosolexperimentbutwithlessintensity.