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简介：Gatheringandusinge-evidenceintrans-bordercriminalinvestigationstillfacesmanychallengeswhichreflectstheefficiencyofcrimecounteraction.Ithasbeenlongtimeacommonconcernofthelegalcommunity.TheEuropeanUnionhasshowndeepinteresttotheissueandhasundertakencrucialmeasures.Recently,aproposalforaRegulationoftheEuropeanParliamentandoftheCouncilonEuropeanProductionandPreservationOrders,forelectronicevidenceincriminalmatters,andaDirectiveoftheEuropeanParliamentandoftheCouncillayingdownharmonisedrulesontheappointmentoflegalrepresentativesforthepurposeofgatheringevidenceincriminalproceedingshavebeenlaunchedafterlongandthoroughpreparation.Throughthesespecifictools,theproposaltargetstheproblemcreatedbythevolatilenatureofelectronicevidenceanditsinternationaldimension.Itseekstoadaptcooperationmechanismstothedigitalage,givingthejudiciaryandlawenforcementtoolstoaddressthewaycriminalscommunicatetodayandtocountermodernformsofcriminality.Theproposalalsoaimstoimprovelegalcertaintyforauthorities,serviceproviders,andpersonsaffectedandtomaintainahighstandardforlawenforcementrequests,thusensuringprotectionoffundamentalrights,transparency,andaccountability.Italsospeedsuptheprocesstosecureandobtainelectronicevidencethatisstoredand/orheldbyserviceprovidersestablishedinanotherjurisdiction.Thisstudyoutlinesthebasicachievementsofthenewlyproposedregulation.

简介：Adolescenceisakeyperiodinhumandevelopment,inwhichyoungpeopleareexposedtodangeroussituations,oneofthosedangersistheriskofparticipatingincriminalorillicitactivities.Thisarticlefocusesonthetreatmentofadolescentswhoareinconflictwiththelaw.Itdescribesthemodelfortheevaluationofriskofviolenceandrecidivism.Itdescribestheinstrumentsfortheevaluationthatareavailabletotheyoungpeoplewhoareinternedforcriminalbehavior.Italsodescribes,indetail,theInventoryformanagementandInterventionforyoungpeople.IGI-J,italsodescribesthemosteffectivetreatmentmodeluptodaterelatedtocriminalrecidivisminadolescentsanditsimplications.

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