简介：In2014theAmericanCollegeofCardiology/AmericanHeartAssociationissuedfournewguidelinesforcardiovasculardiseasepreventionthatfocusedoncardiovascularriskassessment,lifestylemanagement,obesitymanagement,andbloodcholesterolmanagement.Thedevelopmentofanatheroscleroticcardiovasculardiseaseriskcalculatorformedthebasisoftheriskassessmentguideline,andthelifestylemanagementguidelinefocusedonrecommendinganevidence-baseddietarypattern.Thebloodcholesterolmanagementguidelinespecificallyidentifiedfourgroupsofpatientsshowntobenefitfrommoderate-intensityorhigh-intensitystatintherapyfrompreviousclinicaltrialsandabandonedtheuseofspecificlow-densitylipoprotein(LDL)cholesterol(LDL-C)goallevelsonthebasisofthelackofclinicaltrialevidence.Therecommendationsfortreatmentwithmoderate-intensityorhigh-intensitystatintherapyarebasedonrigorousevidencefromrandomizedclinicaltrials.Guidancehassincebeenprovidedfortheuseofnonstatintherapies,includingcholesterolabsorptioninhibitorandproproteinconvertasesubtilisin/kexintype9monoclonalantibodytherapywhenadequatereductionofLDL-Clevelsisnotachievedwithmaximallytoleratedstatintherapy.TherecentdevelopmentandapplicationofthesetherapieshaveresultedinremarkablereductionsinLDL-Clevelsthatarewelltolerated,andpreliminaryoutcomedataarepromisinginshowingsubstantialatheroscleroticcardiovasculardiseaseeventreductionsbeyondstatintherapy.

简介：In2003,IwasinvitedtoattendandpresentascientificpaperattheGWICCmeetinginBeijing,China,byProfessorHuDayi.AtthetimeProfHuwaschiefofcardiologyinBeijingandDeanofamedicalschoolinShanghai.ThisconferencewasandstillisthelargestcardiologyeducationalandscientificprograminChinaandisattendedbymorethantenthousandpersons,mostlyChinese,butalsoEuropeans,Americans,andothernationalities.

简介：Take-homeMessages.TherecentlypublishedACC/AHAcholesterolguidelinesrecommendfixed-dosestatintherapyforthoseatrisk,andalthoughnotrecommendedasfirstlinetherapy,nonstatintherapiesarerecommendedwhenlessthananticipatedtherapeuticresponsetostatintherapyoccursorwhenpatientsarenotabletotoleratestatintherapy.Nonstatincholesterol-loweringdrugsshowntoreduceatheroscleroticcardiovasculardisease(ASCVD)eventsinrandomizedcontrolledtrials(RCTs)arepreferred.Noevidencewasfoundtosupporttheuseofspecificlow-densitylipoprotein(LDL)-cholesteroltargetlevels.

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简介：由长城国际心脏病学会议组委会、美国心脏病学学院（ACC）、亚太心脏联盟（APHA）、美国心律学会（HRS）、日本循环器学会（JCS）、欧洲高血压学会（ESH）、中华医学会心血管专业委员会和中国医师协会心血管内科医师分会等多个国内、

简介：随着医学影像技术的发展,静息态功能MRI对认知科学、中枢神经系统疾病的相关研究发挥重要价值。认知和行为的个体差异与大脑功能连接的差异相关,而个体差异对于个体化诊断和治疗具有重要意义。近年来静息态功能MRI成为研究热点之一,与任务态脑功能成像不同,该技术反映人脑静息状态下的神经活动,不需要任务设置或外部刺激。

简介：阿尔茨海默病（Alzheimer＇sdisease,AD）是老年期痴呆最常见类型,约占50%,年龄≥65岁人群中AD的患病率为5.4%[1].其病因及发病机制复杂,目前尚无特效治疗方法,抗胆碱酯酶药物及针对β淀粉样蛋白（β-amyliodprotein,Aβ）的修饰疗法等仅可改善患者的症状或延缓疾病进程,而不能逆转疾病进程.但AD早期干预可使疾病进程推迟5年,使AD患者减少57%,因此,AD的早期诊断及干预是当前紧要任务.有研究发现,AD病理、生理过程的启动要比其临床症状的表现早10~25年[2].这为AD的早期诊断及早期干预提供了理论基础.2009年美国国立老化研究所提出的AD诊疗指南将AD分为3期：AD临床前期（即AD高危人群）、轻度认知功能障碍（mildcognitiveimpairment,MCI）和老年痴呆期.作者单位：张清华（250021,济南,山东大学附属省立医院神经内科）