简介：酸Ultisol上的一些庄稼残余和他们的biochars的liming潜力用孵化实验被调查。瑞斯壳比米饭壳biochar显示出更大的liming潜力，当大豆和豌豆稻草比他们的biochars有更少的liming潜力时。由于他们的更高的碱度，从荚材料的biochars从非荚材料与biochars相比增加了土壤pH大部分。biochars的碱度是影响他们的liming潜力的一个关键因素，并且biochars的更大的碱度在土壤酸味导致了更大的减小。biochars的加入减少了玷污可交换的酸味和增加的土壤可交换的基础阳离子和基础浸透，因此改善的土壤富饶。

简介：TwentyeightspeciesofforagecropswereplantedonacidsoilsderivedfromQuaternaryredclay(pH4.16)andredsandstone(pH4.55)tostudygenotypicdifferencesoftheforagecropsintolerancetoacidsoilsasaffectedbyliming,phosporusandpotassiumfertilizerapplication.Eightforagespecies,LoliumnultiflorumL.,Brachiariadecumbens,Digitariasumtisii,Melinisminutiflora,Paspalumdilatatum,Paspalumwettsteinii,SatariaviridisBeanvandShcep'sFestuca,werehighlytolerantoacidsoils,andgrewrelativelywellinthetestedsoilswithoutlimeapplication,whereasmostoftheother20testedforagespeciessuchasLoliumperenneL.,MeadowFestucaandTrifoliumpraenseL.wereintoleranttoacidsoil,showingretardedgrowthwhenthesoilpHwasbelow5.5andsignificantincreaseindrymatteryieldsbyphosphrusfertilizerapplicationatsoilpH6.0Resultsshowedthatlargedifferencesintolerancetoacidsoilsexistedamongtheforagespecies,andtoleranceofthefroagespeciestoacidsoilsmightbecloselyassociatedwiththeirtolerancetoAlandPefficiency.

简介：Polyepoxysuccinicacid(PESA),asanenvironmentalbenignbiodegradablechelant,wasusedtoremoveheavymetalsfromthesewagesludgeofShanghaiTaopuWastewaterTreatmentPlant.Theextractionofcadmium(Cd)fromsewagesludgeusingaqueoussolutionofPESAwasstudied.ItwasfoundthatPESAwascapableofextractingCdfromthesludge,andtheextractioneffciencywasdependentonbothpHandtheconcentrationofthechelatingreagent.TheextractioneffciencydecreasedgraduallywithincreasingofpH,whereasthedependencyonpHdecreasedastheconcentrationofPESAincreased.InthecaseofthehighPESAtototalmetalratio,e.g.,10:1,theextractioneffciencyreachedabove70%withinthepHrangefrom1to7.Thehighestextractioneffciencyobtainedintheexperimentwas78%.Bycomparingthecontentsoftheheavymetalsinsewagesludgebeforeandaftertheextraction,itwasfoundthattheextractedCdcamemainlyfromthefourfractions:acid-soluble,reducible,oxidizable,andwater-solublefractions.

简介：Anincubationexperimentwasconductedtosimulatetheeffectoffloodingonwaterdeoxygenationinacidsulfatesoilfloodplainsystems.Theoriginallyoxygenated'floodwater'couldbedeoxygenatedimmediatelyfollowing'flooding'anditislikelythatthiswascausedmainlybydecompositionoforganicdebrisfromtheinundatedplants.Deoxygenationeventuallyledtothedepletionofdissolvedoxygen(DO)inthe'floodwater'anditishighlypossiblethatthisresultedinthetransformationsofferricFetoferrousFe,sulfatetohydrogensulfide,andorganicnitrogentoammonia(ammonification).Theaccumulationofthesereducedsubstancesallowsthe'floodwater'todevelopDO-consumingcapacity(DOCC).Whenthe'floodwater'ismixedwiththeintroducedoxygenatedwater,apartfromthedilutioneffects,thereducedsubstancescontainedinthe'floodwater'oxidizetofurtherconsumeDOcarriedbytheintroducedwater.However,itappearsthattheDOdropinthemixedwatercanonlylastforafewhoursifnoadditionalDO-depleted'floodwater'isadded.EntryofatmosphericoxygenintothewatercanraisetheDOlevelofthemixedwaterandlowerwaterpHthroughtheoxidationofthereducedsubstances.

简介：Recentresearchresultssuggestthatacidificationofacidsulfatesoilsmaybeinhibitedinwell-drainedestuarinefloodplainsineasternAustraliabytheabsenceofnaturalcreeklevees,Thelackofnaturalleveeshasallowedtheinuudationofthelandbyregulartidalfloodingpriortotheconstructionoffloodmitigationwork.Suchphysiographicalconditionspreventthedevelopmentofpre-draingaepyrite-derivedsoilacidifica-tionthatpossiblyoccurredatmanylevee-protectedsitesineasternAustralianestuarinefloodplainsduringextremelydryspells.Pre-drainageacidificationisconsideredasanimportantconditionforaccumulationofsolubleFeandconsequently,thecreationoffavourableenvironmentsforcatalysedpyriteoxidation.Undercurrentintensivelydrainedonditions,theacidmaterialsproducedbyongoingpyriteoxidationcanberapidlyremovedfromsoilporewaterbylateralleachingandacidbuffering,resultinginlowconcentrationsofsolubleFeinthepyriticlayer,whichcouldreducetherateofpyriteoxidation.

简介：Theeffectsofsimulatedacidrainretainedinsoilonthepropertiesofacidsoilanditsdiminishingbyapplicationofgroundphosphaterockwereinvestigatedbyusingthesorptionmethod.Resultsshowasfollows:(1)Foryellowbrownsoil,theeffectofsimulatedacidrainonthepropertiesofsoilwithapHvalueof5.9wasrelativelysmall,exceptagreatquantityofacidraindepositedonit.(2)forredsoil,theeffectofsimulatedacidrainonthepropertiesofsoilwassignificant.Withtheincreaseoftheamountofaciddeposition,thepHvalueofsoilwasdeclined,butthecontentsofexchangeableH^+,Al^3+andMn^2+andtheamountofSO4^1-retentionwereincreased.(3)Manypropertiesofacidsoilscouldbeimprovedbyapplyinggroundphosphaterock.Forexample,pHvalueofsoilsandtheamountsofavailablePandexchangeableCa^2+andMg^2+wereincreased,andtheamountsofexchangeableH^+andAl^3+andSO4^2-retainedwasreduced.Theapplicationofgroundposphaterockcouldeffctivelydiminishthepollutionofacidraintosoil.

简介：composted污水污泥(CS)并且热地的年度增加的效果在80t弄干污水污泥(TS)哈?1在半干旱的条件下面在一个地实验在土壤化学药品性质上被调查三年。腐殖的酸()从CS，TS，和unamended由常规过程孤立(那么)并且污泥修改了土壤被分析为元素(C，H，N，S和O)并且酸的功能的组(羧基、酉分)并且由紫外可见，红外线的Fourier变换和荧光光谱学。关于CS，TS有内容，更大的干燥的事，全部的器官的C，全部的N和C/N比率和更小的灰满足的类似的pH和全部的P和K和电的电导率。有CS和TS的改正在土壤性质导致了很多修正，包括pH，电的传导性，全部的器官的C，全部的N，和可得到的P的增加。CS--哈有的更大的O，全部的酸味，carboxyl，并且酉分哦比TS组织内容和H内容--哈。CS--哈并且TS--哈有的更大的N和S内容，更小的C，O和酸的功能的组内容，和更低的芳香的polycondensation和humification度比那么--哈。修改土壤--显示出C，H，N和比大的S内容那么--哈，建议污泥有部分被合并到土壤。这些效果与增加污泥应用的数字是更明显的。

简介：Apotexperimentwasconductedtoinvestigatetheeffectsofvarioussoiltreatmentsonthegrowthofvetivergrass(Vetiveriazizanioides(L.)Nash)withtheobjectiveofformulatingappropriatesoilmediaforuseinsulfide-bearingminedareas.Anacidicminesiteacidsulfatesoil(pH2.8)wastreatedwithdifferentsoilconditionerformulaincludinghydratedlime,redmud(bauxiteresidues),zeoliticrockpowder,biosolidsandacompoundfertilizer.Soilstreatedwithredmudandhydratedlimecorrectedsoilacidityandreducedoreliminatedmetaltoxicityenablingtheestablishmentofvetivergrass.Althoughover-limingaffectedgrowth,someseedlingsofvetiversurvivedtheinitialstrongalkalineconditions.Additionofappropriateamountsofzeoliticrockpowderalsoenhancedgrowth,butover-applicationcauseddetrimentaleffects.Inthisexperiment,soilmediumwiththebestgrowthperformanceofvetiverwas50gofredmud,10goflime,30gofzeoliticrockpowderand30gofbiosolidswith2000gofminesoils(100%survivalratewiththegreatestbiomassandnumberofnewshoots),butaddingachemicalfertilizertothismediaadverselyimpactedplantgrowth.Inaddition,ahighapplicationrateofbiosolidsresultedinpoorergrowthofvetiver,comparedtoamoderateapplicationrate.

简介：Potexperimentsandfieldtrialswereconductedtoinvestigatethechangesintrichloroaceticacid(TCA)solublesilicon(Si)intheleavesofrice(OryzasativaL.)andtoexaminethefeasibilityofusingTCA-solubleSicontentasanindexfordiagnosingSideficiency,TheTCA-solubleSicontentwassignificantlyhigherintheleavesofbothSi-treatedand-untreatedriceattheelongationstagecomparedwiththatattilleringstage,ItwashigherintheSi-treatedplantsthaninthecontrolsthroughoutthewholegrowthperiod.However,whetherdressedatelongationorbootinstage,siliconfertilzerresultedinasignificantincreaseinTCA-solubleSioneweektotendaysafterapplication,ThesamewastrueforthetotalSiaccumulationintheplants.AcolsepositiviecorrelationwafoundbetweenTCA-solubleSiandtotalSiinPlantsgrownonpotsoils(r=0.669,P<0.01,n=26).TheresultsobtainedinthefieldtrialsrevealedthattheavailableSiextrctedbysodiumacetate(pH4.0)couldnotpreicttheresponseofricetoaddedSiinthecalcareoussoilssatisfactorily.NosignificancorrelationwasfoundbetweensoilavailableSicontentandriceyield,butTCA-solubleSiintheleafbladesofricewassignificantlycoorelatedbothwithriceyield(r=0.57,P<0.01,n=30)andwithtotalplantSi(r=089,P<0.01,n=30),Inisrecommendedthat,whth95percentconfidence,thecriticalvalueofTCA-solubleSiintheleavesofriceshouldbe52-57mgSikg^-1,abovewhichnopositiveresponseofricetoaddedSiwouldbeexpected.

简介：Acidsulfatesoils(ASS)containconsiderableamountsofreducedsulfurcompounds(mainlypyrite)whichproducesulfuricacidupontheiroxidation.ASS-derivedenvironmentaldegradationwidelyoccursinthecoastallowlandsaroundtheworld,especiallyinthetropicalandsubtropicalareas.ThepresenceofASSiuntheSouthChinahasbeenrecognizedbuttheirdistributionmaybelargelyunderestimatedbecausethesoilsurveydataconcerningASSarebasedonunreliablemethodsandtechniques.ASSintheSouthChinahavebeentraditionallyusedforricecultivationandthispracticehasbeenprovedsustainableifappropriateimprovementmeasuresareadopted.Recently,therapideconomicgrowthintheregionhasresultedinintensifiedcoastaldevelopmentwhichfrequentlyinvolvesactivitiesthatmaydisturbASS,Constructionofroads,foundationsandaquaculturepondsmaycausetheexposureofASStoairandbringaboutsevereenvironmentalacidificvation.Thereiscurrentlyinsufficientawarenessoftheproblemsamongtheresearchers,policy-makersandlandmanagersintheSouthChina.MoreattentionmustbepaidtothepossibleASS-dervivedenvironmentaldegradationinordertoensureasustainabledevelopmentofthecoastallowlandsintheSouthChinaregion.

简介：Atotalof400surfacesoil(0–15cm)sampleswerecollectedfromcultivatedsoilsrepresentingfoursoilseries,namely,Hariharapur,Debatoli,RajporaandNeeleswaraminOrissa,Jharkhand,HimachalPradeshandKeralastatesofIndia,respectively,andwereanalyzedtomeasurethecontentsoftotalandextractableMnandFe,toestablishtherelationshipamongtotalandextractableMnandFeandsoilproperties,andtocharacterizethespatialdistributionpatternofMnandFeinsomecultivatedacidsoilsofIndia.ThecontentsoftotalaswellasextractableMnandFevariedwidelywithextractantsandsoilseries.However,theamountsofMnorFeextractedbydiethylenetriaminepenta-aceticacid(DTPA),Mehlich1,Mehlich3,0.1molL-1HClandammoniumbicarbonateDTPA(ABDTPA)weresignificantlycorrelatedwitheachother(P<0.01).BasedontheDTPA-extractablecontentsandthecriticallimits(2mgMnkg-1soiland4.5mgFekg-1soil)publishedintheliterature,MnandFedeficiencieswereobservedin7%–23%and1%–3%ofthesoilsamples,respectively.Thecontentofsoilorganiccarbon(SOC)hadgreaterinfluenceontotalandDTPA-extractableFethandidsoilpH.GeostatisticalanalysisrevealedthattotalandDTPA-extractableMnandFecontentsintheacidsoilswereinfluencedbysoilpH,SOCcontent,andexchangeablecationslikepotassium,calciumandmagnesium.SpatialdistributionmapsoftotalandDTPA-extractableMnandFeinsoilindicateddifferentdistributionpatterns.

简介：忍冬confusa，为治疗感冒的繁体中文药植物，流感，等等，急性发烧经常在酸的土壤人工地被种并且受不了磷(P)缺乏。一个五年的地实验被执行学习殖民率，生长，营养，和与arbuscularmycorrhizal(AM)接种的忍冬confusa幼苗满意的chlorogenic酸真菌，血管球etunicatum和血管球intraradices。在移植进一个领域前，接种AM并且uninoculated控制植物在托儿所床上是有教养的。在与AM真菌接种的植物，殖民率与时间线性地减少了，更大的减少在与G接种的植物被观察。intraradices比与G。etunicatum，当AM殖民在uninoculated从0%～12.1%增加了时，控制在移植以后种5年。植物高度，王冠直径，新分支的数字，和花产量作为与uninoculated控制相比由AM接种显著地增加了。在增加的叶子和花的磷集中，和营养素的植物举起，例如，氮(N)，P，和钾(K)，被AM也显著地提高接种。忍冬confusa幼苗有更好的回答到G的接种。intraradices比G。在生长的etunicatum和在花的chlorogenic酸内容。相反，两个都在叶子和花种P举起和P集中在二真菌的接种之间是类似的。到在生长，滋养的举起，flowering，和在花的chlorogenic酸内容的AM接种的忍冬confusa的积极回答建议当在酸、P缺乏的土壤上成长时，在托儿所床上的那AM接种能在忍冬confusa的花支持植物生长和增加chlorogenic酸内容。

简介：酸硫酸盐土壤是通常对庄稼生产不合适除非他们适当地被改善。一个实验在一个温室被进行提高大米的生长，变化MR219，用各种各样的土壤修正案在酸硫酸盐土壤上种了。土壤从Semerak被收集，Kelantan，马来西亚。地面镁石灰石(GML)，简历化肥，和暗岩(每4t哈−1)在壶独自或在联合被增加进土壤在移植前的15d。氮，P和钾碱在150，30，和60kg被使用哈−1,分别地。三棵seven-day-old米饭幼苗被移植进每个壶。土壤有3.8的pH并且包含了可得到的1.2gkg−1,的21gkg−1,N的器官的C192mg的Pkg−1,0.05的可交换的Kcmolckg−1,和4.30的可交换的艾尔cmol有低数量的ckg−1,可交换的Ca和Mg(0.60和0.70cmolckg−1)。在有GML的联合的简历化肥处理导致了5.4的最高的pH。在没有改正的控制土壤的高级艾尔或Fe集中的存在严重地影响了米饭的生长。当简历化肥与控制相比与GML个别地或在联合被使用时，在生长，更高的植物高度，tiller数字和叶的60d，叶绿素内容被获得。在简历化肥的有益的细菌的存在可能生产能提高植物生长并且随后由米饭增加滋养的举起的植物激素和器官的酸。因此，简历化肥和GML的增加由增加因而消除了在酸硫酸盐土壤流行的艾尔或Fe毒性的土壤pH改进了米饭生长，这能被结束。