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简介：Chemicalcomposition,hourlycounts,andsizesofatmosphericcarbonaceousparticlesweremeasuredtoinvestigatetheirmixingstateonclearandhazydays.623,122carbonaceousparticleswithsizes0.2-2.0μmwasanalyzedusingasingle-particleaerosolmassspectrometerfrom1stto17thJanuary2013.Particletypesincludedbiomass/biofuelburningparticles(biomass),elementcarbon(EC-dominant)particlesthatwerealsomixedwithbiomass/biofuelburningspecies(EC-biomass)orsecondaryspecies(EC-secondary),organiccarbon(OC),internallymixedOCandEC(OCEC),ammonium-containing(ammonium)andsodium-containing(sodium)particles.Oncleardaysthetoprankedcarbonaceousparticletypeswerebiomass(48.2%),EC-biomass(15.7%),OCEC(11.1%),andsodium(9.6%),whileonhazydaystheywerebiomass(37.3%),EC-biomass(17.6%),EC-secondary(16.6%),andsodium(12.7%).ThefractionsofEC-secondary,ammonium(10%),andsodiumparticletypeswereelevatedonhazydays.NumbersofEC-secondaryparticlesweremorethanfourtimesthoseoncleardays(4.1%).Thus,carbonaceousparticlesmixedwithammonium,nitrateandsulfateduringagingandtransport,enhancingtheirlightextinctioneffectsandhygroscopicgrowthunderhighrelativehumidityonhazydays,furtherreducingvisibility.Ourreal-timesingle-particledatashowedthatchangestomixingstatehadasignificantimpactonlightextinctionduringhazeeventsinNanjing.

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简介：ThisstudyinvestigatesthecorrelationbetweenPM10andmeteorologicalfactorssuchaswindspeed,atmosphericvisibility,dewpoint,relativehumidity,andambienttemperatureduringabrownhazeepisode.InordertoidentifythepotentialsourcesofPM10duringbrownhazeepisode,respirableparticulatematter(PM10)wascollectedduringbothnon-hazedaysandhazedaysandfurtheranalyzedformetallicelements,ionicspecies,andcarbonaceouscontents.Amongthem,ionicspeciescontributed45-64%toPM10,whilemetallicelementscontributed7-21%toPM10whichwassmallerthantheotherchemicalconstituents.TheaverageOC/ECratio(42)inhazedayswasaboutthreetimesoftheaverageOC/ECratio(14)innon-hazedays.Byusingchemicalmassbalance(CMB)receptormodel,themajorsourceswereapportioned,includingtraffics,incinerators,coalcombustion,steelindustry,petrochemicalindustry,andsecondaryaerosols,etc.ThecontributiontoPM10concentrationofeachsourcewascalculatedforallthesamplescollected.TheresultsshowedthatcoalcombustionwasthemajorsourceofPM10innon-hazedaysandsecondaryaerosolswerethemajorsourceinhazedays,followedbypetrochemicalindustry,incinerators,andtraffics,whileothersourceshadnegligibleeffect.

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简介：Regionaldroughtanalysisprovidesusefulinformationforsustainablewaterresourcesmanagement.Inthispaper,astandardizedprecipitationindex(SPI)atmultipletimescaleswasusedtoinvestigatethespatialpatternsandtrendsofdroughtintheHanRiverBasin,oneofthelargesttributariesofYangtzeRiver,China.Itwasfoundthat,intermsofdroughtseverity,theupperbasinoftheHanRiveristheleast,whilethegrowingtrendisthemostconspicuous;alessconspicuousgrowingtrendcanbeobservedinthemiddlebasin;andthereisaninsignificantdecreasingtrendinthelowerbasin.Meanwhile,theimpactofdroughtontheMiddleRouteoftheSouth-to-NorthWaterTransferProjectwasinvestigated,anditissuggestedthatwaterintakemustbereducedintimesofdrought,particularlywhensuccessiveorsimultaneousdroughtsintheupperandmiddlebasinsoftheHanRiverBasinoccur.TheresultscanprovidesubstantialinformationforfuturewaterallocationschemesoftheSouth-to-NorthWaterTransferProject.

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简介：Theobjectiveofthisstudywastoobtainspatialdistributionmapsofpaddyricefieldsusingmulti-datemoderate-resolutionimagingspectroradiometer(MODIS)datainChina.Paddyricefieldswereextractedbyidentifyingtheuniquechar-acteristicofhighsoilmoistureinthefloodingandtransplantingperiodwithimprovedalgorithmsbasedonricegrowthcalendarregionalization.Thecharacteristiccouldbereflectedbytheenhancedvegetationindex(EVI)andthelandsurfacewaterindex(LSWI)derivedfromMODISsensordata.Algorithmsforsingle,early,andlatericeidentificationwereobtainedfromselectedtypicaltestsites.Thealgorithmscouldnotonlyseparateearlyriceandlatericeplantedinthesamefields,butalsoreducetheuncertainties.ThearealaccuracyoftheMODIS-derivedresultswasvalidatedbycomparisonwithagriculturalstatistics,andthespatialmatchingwasexaminedbyETM+(enhancedthematicmapperplus)imagesinatestregion.Majorfactorsthatmightcauseerrors,suchasthecoarsespatialresolutionandnoisesintheMODISdata,werediscussed.Althoughnotsuitableformonitoringtheinter-annualvariationsduetosomeinevitablefactors,theMODIS-derivedresultswereusefulforobtainingspatialdistributionmapsofpaddyriceonalargescale,andtheymightprovidereferenceforfurtherstudies.

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简介：O.General;1.Physicalacoustics;2.Underwatersound;3.Mechanicalvibrationandshock;4.Noiseandnoisecontrol;5.Ultrasonics;6.Speechacousticsandspeechcommunication;7.Physiologicalacoustics;8.Ar-chitecturalacoustics;9.Electroacoustics;10.Acousticalmeasurementandinstrumentation;11.Atmosphericacoustics;12.Geoacoustics;13.Bioaoustics;14.Musicalacoustical;15.Signalprocessing.

简介：BasedonthenoisesurveyinChina,theformula（H′=H+N-HN/120）ofISO/DIS1999.2（"Acous-tics-DeterminationofOccupationalnoiseexposureandestimationofnoise-inducedhearingimpairment,1985）wasappliedtothecalculationofthehearingthresholdlevelassociatedwithageandnoise（HTLAN）ofthenoise-impairedpeople.AccordingtotheGaussciandistribution,whenthenoise-exposurelevelLEX8hwas85,90,95,100dBandthehearingthresholdfrequencyisfrom0.5kto6kHz,theHTLANofnoise-exposedpeoplewithdifferentdurationofexposureanditsrelationvaluestothehearingthresholdfrequencyassociatedwithage（HTLA）wereobtained.TheISO/DIS1999.2hasbeenprovedtobeapplicableinChina.

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简介：在西安，长期的变化和关系从2001-2004基于从1980-2002获得的每日的可见性数据和空气污染索引数据因为每天水平的扑灭系数和PM_(10)的集体集中被评估了。一个减少的趋势在过去的23年期间在水平扑灭系数被发现，与更高的价值相对1990年代的观察in1980s，和在冬季和夏天的最高、最低的价值分别地。重要关联和类似的季节的变化在水平扑灭系数和PM_(10)集中之间存在，建议到在在在过去的二十年期间的华中的Guanzhong平原的一个地点的可见性落下的PM_(10)的高影响。

简介：FromthecasestudyofEveningBellRingingatNanpingHill,oneoftheWestLakeCulturalLandscapesinHangzhou,China,weinvestigatedthesoundscapeofascenicareawithaprofoundculturalbackground.First,weconductedthesoundscapephysicalindexoftheareainbothwinterandspringseasonstoanalyzeitsobjectivegraphicalexpression.Second,wefocusedonpeople’sreactionstothesoundscapeinordertoobtainasubjectiveevaluationofeachcomponentinthesoundscapeandintegratedenvironment.Then,therelationshipbetweentheobjectivedataandthesubjectiveevaluationwasanalyzed.Finally,theimpactsofthenaturalenvironment,history,andculturalfactorsontheevaluationoftheJingciTemplesoundscapewerestudied.Itwasfoundthatnaturalsounds,culturalsounds,andhistoricsoundswerewidelyacclaimedinpeople’ssubjectivefeelings,whichindicatedthecloserelationshipsamonghistoricalandculturalbackground,soundscape,andnaturalenvironment.Thus,theconclusionwasmadethatsoundscapeshouldbeconsistentwiththelocalnaturalenvironmentandthehistoricalandculturalbackground.

简介：Naturalsurfacecoatingscollectedfromnaturalsubstances(NSCsNS)wereemployedtostudytherolesofthemainchemicalcomponents(ironoxides,manganeseoxides,andothercomponents)incontrollingtheadsorptionoflead(Pb)andcadmium(Cd)inaquaticenvironments.TheselectivechemicalextractionfollowedbytheadsorptionofPbandCdexperimentsandstatisticalanalysis,wereusedtoinvestigatetheadsorptionpropertyofeachcomponent.Hydroxylaminehydrochloridewasusedtoremovemanganeseoxidesselectively,andsodiumdithionitewasusedtoextractironoxidesandmanganeseoxides.TheresultindicatedthatironoxidesandmanganeseoxidesplayedanimportantroleintheadsorptionofPbandCdonNSCsNS,andtherelativecontributionwasabouttwo-thirds.Thecontributionofmanganeseoxideswasthegreatest,withalesserroleindicatedforothercomponents.TheadsorptionabilityofmanganeseoxidesforPbandCdwasgreaterthanthatofironoxidesorothercomponentsforPbandCd.ThePbadsorptionobservedineachcomponentwasgreaterthanCdadsorption.

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