简介:ItwouldnotbeanexaggerationtosaythatthecentraleventinthepoliticalhistoryofEuropeinthetwentiethcenturywastheunmakingofgreatempiresandthemakingofsuccessornationalstates.FromtheHohenzollernGermanEmpiretotheformerYugoslavia,almostallgreatmultinationalstatesofthecontinentroseandeventuallyfellintheaftermathoftheGreatWar,theSecondWorldWar,andtheColdWar.Amongallspectacularimperialcollapsesandsometimeseventheirrebuildingandre-collapse,theonce-for-allfalloftheHabsburgEmpirein1918,arelativelylightweightamongstrongEuropeanstates,appearnotespeciallysignificant.Butashistorianshaverecentlybegantorecognize,thepoliticalcultureoftheHabsburgEmpireinitslastyearsandthesuccessorstateshadexercisedadisproportionallylargeinfluenceonthemakingofmodernEuropeandtheworld.Amongtheimportantquestionsdiscussedinrecentliteraturearetheterritorialdisputesofnewnationstates,1thecultivationofscienceanddomesticlife,2politicsandideologyofliberalism,3andthemakingofmultinationalempire.4
简介:本文以西班牙黄金世纪经典诗人圣胡安·德拉·克鲁斯的代表作《灵歌》第11节为例,试图在翻译原诗句的同时重建其所在所本的互文情境:从文人诗、民间诗歌和圣经解经传统等不同角度,围绕"视与死"的主题,将相关文学、宗教及社会文化的互文文本以开放性的注疏方式一同呈现,藉此或可寻回些许"翻译中所丧失的东西"。