简介：Thepresentworkusesdynamicmodedecomposition(DMD)toanalyzewakeflowofNACA0015airfoilwithGurneyflap.ThephysicsofDMDisfirstintroduced.ThenthePIV-measuredwakeflowvelocityfieldisdecomposedintodynamicalmodes.Thevortexsheddingpatternbehindthetrailingedgeanditshigh-orderharmonicshavebeencapturedwithabundantinformationsuchasfrequency,wavelengthandconvectionspeed.Itisobservedthathigh-orderdynamicmodesconvectfasterthanlow-ordermodes;moreoverthewavel...

简介：在激光，微波和类似的技术的进展导致了包含皮组织的热治疗的最近的开发。这些处理的有效性被管理由联合了影响织物的热、机械、生物、神经的回答：一个有利相互作用相对小的疼痛和没有持续副作用地导致一个过程。当前，尽管每个行为的方面到建立并且理解的某个程度，任何一个都不在学科交差的区域存在到日期。一条高度学科交差的途径为学习皮肤的biothermomechanical行为被要求，包含简历热转移，简历力学和生理学。对这个题目恰当的全面文学评论在这篇论文被介绍，盖住四个题目区域：(a)皮肤结构，(b)皮肤简历热转移和热损坏，(c)皮肤简历力学，和(d)皮肤biothermomechanics。为进一步的研究的主要问题，问题，和话题也被构画出。这评论发现在每这些方面的重要进展在最近的年里被完成了。尽管焦点被放在皮肤织物的biothermomechanical行为之上，在这篇论文考察的基本概念和方法论可能也为学习另外的软纸巾是适用的。

简介：Atwo-dimensionalsteadyReynolds-averagedNavier–Stokes(RANS)equationwassolvedtoinvestigatetheeffectsofaGurneyflaponSFYT15thickairfoilaerodynamicperformance.Thisairfoilwasdesignedforflightvehicleoperatingat20kmaltitudewithfreestreamvelocityof25m/s.Thechordlength(C)is5mandtheReynoldsnumberbasedonchordlengthisRe=7.76×105.Gurneyflapswiththeheightsrangingfrom0.25%Cto3%Cwereinvestigated.Theshearstresstransport(SST)k-ωturbulencemodelwasusedtosimulatetheflowstructurearoundtheairfoil.ItisshowedthatGurneyflapcanenhancenotonlytheprestallliftbutalsolift-to-dragratioinacertainrangeofanglesofattack.Specially,atcruiseangleofattack(α=3°),Gurneyflapwith0.5%Cheightcanincreaselift-to-dragratioby2.7%,andliftcoefficientby12.9%,respectively.Furthermore,thesurfacepressuredistribution,streamlinesandtrailing-edgeflowstructurearoundtheairfoilareillustrated,whicharehelpfultounderstandthemechanismsofGurneyflaponairfoilaerodynamicperformance.Moreover,itisfoundthattheincreaseofairfoildragwithGurneyflapcanbeattributedtotheincreaseofpressuredragbetweenthewindwardandtheleewardsidesofGurneyflapitself.

简介：Itisimportanttounderstandtheimpactofwing-morphingonaerodynamicperformanceinthestudyofflapping-wingflightofbirdsandinsects.Weuseaflappingplatehingedwithatrailing-edgeflapasasimplifiedmodelforflexible/morphingwingsinhovering.Thetrailing-edgeflappingmotionisoptimizedbyanadjoint-basedapproach.Theoptimizedconfigurationsuggeststhatthetrailing-edgeflapcansubstantiallyenhancetheoveralllift.Furtheranalysisindicatesthattheliftenhancementbythetrailingedgeflappingisfromthechangeofcirculationintwoways:thelocalcirculationchangebytherotationalmotionoftheflap,andthemodificationofvortexsheddingprocessbytherelativelocationbetweenthetrailing-edgeflapandleading-edgemainplate.

简介：Allometricscalingrelationsforhowbranchingtubesdeliverfluidareoftenbasedontheassumptionofisothermalconditionswhicharenotalwaysfulfilled.Thisworkreportsonthesizesofbranchingtubesforfluidflowsubjectedtoconstantwallheatflux.Itexploreshowthedeliveryoffluidandheatinfluencestheoptimalsizeofatubeandtheoptimalconfigurationofbranchingtubesforbothlaminarandturbulentflow.Besides,itpresentsananalyticalbasisforevaluationofoptimalsizeoftubesthatminimisethepowerlossassociatedwiththepumpingpowerandtheheattransfer.Thefindingsobtainedinthisstudymayhaveimportantimplicationsfordesignofsystemswithminimumthermodynamiclosses.

简介：在在一个混合系统的联合分系统之间的精力转移的学习为应用是很重要的。这篇论文在免费横过的颤动论述在一个visco有弹性地连接的双板系统的盘子之间的精力转移的分析分析。在盘子之间的粘弹性的连接为在时间功能的二频率的政体的外观负责的分析分析表演，它对应于一个eigen振幅一个模式工作，并且也，时间不同颤动模式工作，这被解开，但是在在一个eigen模式的盘子之间的精力转移出现。它为颤动的每形状被显示出。相应于一个eigen振幅模式的二个Lyapunov代表的系列被使用相应eigen振幅时间部件的精力表示。

简介：Vibrationofacircularmembraneincontactwithafluidhasextensiveapplicationsinindustry.Thenaturalvibrationfrequenciesfortheasymmetricfreevibrationofacircularmembraneincontactwithaboundedincompressiblefluidarederivedinthispaper.Consideringsmalloscillationsinducedbythemembranevibrationinanincompressibleandinviscidfluid,thevelocitypotentialfunctionisusedtodescribethefluidfield.Twoapproachesareusedtoderivethefreevibrationfrequenciesofthesystem,whichincludeavariationalformulationandanapproximatesolutionemployingtheRayleighquotientmethod.Agoodcorrelationisfoundbetweenfreevibrationfrequenciesevaluatedbythesemethods.Finally,theeffectsofthefluiddepth,themassdensity,andtheradialtensiononthefreevibrationfrequenciesofthecoupledsystemareinvestigated.

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简介：Concerningthespecificdemandonsolvingthelong-termconjugateheattransfer(CHT)problem,anewalgorithmoftheglobaltightly-coupledtransientheattransferbasedonthequasi-steadyflowfieldisfurtherputforward.Comparedtothetraditionalloosely-coupledalgorithm,thecomputationalefficiencyisfurtherimprovedwiththegreatlyreducedupdatefrequencyoftheflowfield,andmoreovertheupdatestepoftheflowfieldcanbereasonablydeterminedbyusingtheengineeringempiricalformulaoftheNusseltnumberbasedonthechangesoftheinletandoutletboundaryconditions.Takingaductheatedbyinnerforcedairflowheatingprocessasanexample,thecomparingresultstothetightly-coupledtransientcalculationbyFluentsoftwareshowsthatthenewalgorithmcansignificantlyimprovethecomputationalefficiencywithareasonableaccuracyonthetransienttemperaturedistribution,suchasthecomputingtimeisreducedto22.8%and40%whiletheductwalltemperaturedeviationare7%and5%respectivelyusingtwoflowupdatetimestepof100sand50sonthevariableinlet-flowrateconditions.

简介：Anewmeshfreemethodproposedbytheauthorswaspresented,inwhichthederivativesateachnodewereconstructedusingwholederivativeformulasthroughthenodesselectedaroundthenodeusinglocalCartesianframeinanautonomousmanner,sothatwithoutanyelementitcouldbeconsideredasacompletelymeshfreemethod.Themethodwastestedwithanumericalexample,andreliablesolutionwasobtainedwithhighaccuracyandefficiency.

简介：作为塑料失真的卷屈计算的脱臼密度张肌在水晶粘性被认为是一个新组成的变量。脱臼密度张肌上的免费精力功能的依赖被探索从二次的ansatz开始。一个人和对数的相关性当时是的等级从脱臼的统计理论基于考虑想象。介绍免费精力潜力的关联从相应分析答案被评估周期二阶段把问题压成薄片在下面在一层是经历单身者的单个水晶材料的地方，砍滑倒并且第二仍然保持完全有弹性。

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简介：Bytakinginfiniteperiodicbeamsasexamples,themutualvariationalprincipleforanalyzingthefreewavepropagationinperiodicstructuresisestablishedanddemonstratedthroughtheuseofthepropaga-tionconstantinthepresentpaper,andthecorrespondinghierarchicalfiniteelementformulationisthende-rived.Thus,itprovidesthenumericalanalysisofthatproblemwithafirmtheoreticalbasisofvariationalprin-ciples,withwhichonemayconvenientlyillustratethemathematicalandphysicalmechanismsofthewaveprop-agationinperiodicstructuresandtherelationshipwiththenaturalvibration.Thesolutionisdiscussedandex-amplesaregiven.

简介：这研究试图调查trabecular的地区性的变化，以及决定在trabecular之间的关系词法参数和大腿骨的头的机械参数词法、机械的参数。从有折断的近似腿节的病人的七个大腿骨的头用一个micro-CT系统被扫描。每个大腿骨的头根据trabecular取向被划分成12个分区。一\(125\，\hbox{公里}^{3}\)trabecular立方的模型从每个分区被重建。81个trabecular模型的一个总数被重建，除了从在外科期间的二个大腿骨的头的三个破坏分区。Trabecular词法参数，即trabecular分离(Tb.Sp)，trabecular厚度(Tb.Th)，特定的骨头表面(BS/BV)，骨头体积部分(BV/TV)，结构的模型索引(SMI)，和anisotropy(DA)的度被测量。微有限的元素分析被执行让每个立方体获得明显的幼仔模量，织物水平von协定在1%下面强调分发沿着三个直角的方向的压缩紧张分别地。结果在词法参数揭示了重要地区性的变化(\(P)。沿着trabecular取向的幼仔moduli比沿着另外的二个方向的那些显著地高。一般来说，trabecular在中间的区域的机械性质是比在侧面的区域的那些低的。沿着trabecular取向的Trabecular机械参数显著地与BS/BV，BV/TV，Tb.Th，和DA被相关。在这研究，在有近似腿节骨折的病人的大腿骨的头的微结构特征和机械性质的地区性的变化彻底地在组织水平被调查。这研究的结果将帮助阐明为减少破裂风险和发展中的治疗策略为的大腿骨的头骨折的机制老。

简介：

简介：Smallconcentrationsofahigh-molecular-weightpolymerhavebeenusedtocreateso-called'elasticturbulence'inamicro-scaleserpentinechannelgeometry.Itisknownthattheinteractionoflargeelasticstressescreatedbytheshearingmotionwithinthefluidflowwithstreamlinecurvatureoftheserpentinegeometryleadsinitiallytoapurely-elasticinstabilityandthenthegenerationofelasticturbulence.Weshowthatthiselasticturbulenceenhancestheheattransferatthemicro-scaleinthisgeometrybyupto300%undercreepingflowconditionsincomparisontothatachievedbytheequivalentNewtonianfluidflow.

简介：Thisinvestigationdealswiththeeffectsofslip,magneticfield,andnonNewtonianflowparametersontheflowandheattransferofanincompressible,electricallyconductingfourth-gradefluidpastaninfiniteporousplate.Theheattransferanalysisiscarriedoutfortwoheatingprocesses.Thesystemofhighlynon-lineardifferentialequationsissolvedbytheshootingmethodwiththefourth-orderRunge-Kuttamethodformoderatevaluesoftheparameters.TheeffectiveBroydentechniqueisadoptedinordertoimprovetheinitialguessesandtosatisfytheboundaryconditionsatinfinity.Anexceptionalcross-overisobtainedinthevelocityprofileinthepresenceofslip.Thefourth-gradefluidparameterisfoundtoincreasethemomentumboundarylayerthickness,whereastheslipparametersubstantiallydecreasesit.Similarly,thenon-Newtonianfluidparametersandthesliphaveoppositeeffectsonthethermalboundarylayerthickness.

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简介：Nanomeshgraphene(NMG)obtainedbytemplatechemicalvapordepositionwasusedtosynthesizethebinder-freegraphenemonolithsbysimpletabletpressing.ThestackingmanneroftheNMGsheetswascrucialtothecohesioninteractionbetweenthegraphenesheets,onlytheNMGmaterialswithalooselystackingmannercouldbepressedintobinder-freemonoliths.Atthetabletingpressureof2-8MPa,boththebulkdensitiesandthespecificsurfaceareasofthemonolithskeepnearlyconstantasthetabletingpressureincreases,indicatingthattheNMGmonolithshaveobviouselasticityandaporousstructureduetothelargecorrugationsandthemeshstructuresofthegraphenesheets.Asaresult,anextraordinarymethanestoragecapacityof236(v/v)at9MPawasobtainedinthegraphenemonolithpreparedbytabletingat4MPa.

简介：Bymeansofadoublemirrorinterferometryatwo-dimensionaltemperaturedistributionmeasurementinconvectivethermalboundarylayersispresented.Whenthecoldairflowsalongahotplatemodel,theinterferometricfringeinsidetheboundarylayerwillbend.Accordingtothedisplacementofthefringeandtherelationbetweentemperatureandindexofrefraction,atwo-dimensionaltemperatureprofileisobtained.Allisaccomplishedbyopticaldevicewiththehelpofmicro-computerwithoutanycontactwiththeflowfield.