简介：AbstractBackground:The use of autologous free-tissue transfer is an increasingly utilized tool in the ladder of reconstructive options to preserve and restore function in patients with head and neck cancer. This article focuses on the evidence surrounding perioperative care that optimizes surgical outcomes and describes one tertiary center's approach to standardized free-flap care.Data Sources:This article examines English literature from PubMed and offers expert opinion on perioperative free-flap care for head and neck oncology.Conclusion:Free-flap reconstruction for head and neck cancer is a process that, while individualized for each patient, is best supported by a comprehensive and standardized care pathway. Surgical optimization begins in the preoperative phase and a thoughtful approach to intraprofessional communication and evidence-based practice is rewarded with improved outcomes.

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简介：AbstractObjective:There has been a significant shift from open craniofacial resection of the anterior skull base to endoscopic approaches that accomplish the same outcomes in tumor ablation. However, when open resection is required, free flap reconstruction is often necessary to provide sufficient well-vascularized tissue for optimal wound healing as well as providing adequate tissue bulk for cosmesis. This articleaims to providea focused review of free flaps most commonly used in anterior skull base reconstruction.Methods:This is a state-of-the-art review based on expert opinion and previously published reviews and journal articles, queried using PubMed and Google Scholar.Results & conclusion:Anterior skull base reconstruction via free tissue transfer is imperative in limiting complications and promoting healing, particularly with large defects, post-radiation, and in at-risk patients. The type of free flap utilized for a particular anterior skull base reconstruction should be tailored to the patient and nature of the disease. This review offers insight into the numerous reconstructive options for the free flap surgeon.

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简介：Theheattransferfromanelectricallyheatedcylinder(wire)offinitelengthtothesurroundingfluidcanbedividedintoheatradiation,conductionandconvection.Atechnicalapplicationofthesecylinderswithtypicaldimensionsof1-2mmlengthandafewmicrometersdiameteristheHot-Wire-Anemometry.Thissystematicstudyshouldclarifytheinfluenceoffreeconvectiontothreedimensionalheattransferofcylinders.forthisaimitisplannedtoinvestigateReynoldsnumbersbelowRe=1(creepingflow).Forthisreasonmeasurementsshouldbedoneunder1gintheearthlaboratoryandalsoundermicrogravity(μg)conditions.Comparisonsofthesemeasurementsunderotherwisesameconditionsallowstodistinguishbetweenthepureconvectionheattransferandthecontributionsduetoconductionandothereffects.FormeasurementsunderμgtheDropTowerBremencanbeusedasresearchfacility.DuetothefastresponseofconvectiontochangesinthegravityconditionstheDropTowerisanidealandcostefficientexperimentaltool.Theexperimentalsetupisbuildtooperateatvelocityrangeof0-1m/swhichincludesthewholerangeofconvectionfrompurefreeconvectionat0m/sovermixedconvectionuptopureforcedconvectionatvelocitiesaboveabout0.15m/s.ThisvelocityregioncorrespondstoarangeoftheReynoldsnumberofRe=0-0.18foracylinderof5μmdiameteratTf=140℃inairatanambienttemperatureofabout21℃.

简介：<正>DearSir,IamDongHyunJi,fromtheDepartmentofOphthalmologyofSt.Vincent’sHospital,Suwon,Korea.Iwritetopresentaveryseverelyrecurrentbasalcellcarcinoma(BCC)inlowerlidinvadingleftorbitandwholehemiface,

简介：Ananalyticalresearchwasconductedtostudyheattransferfromhorizontalsurfacestonormallyimpingingcircularjetsunderarbitrary-heat-fluxconditions.Thelaminarthermalandhydraulicboundarylayersweredividedintofiveregionsofflow.Generalexpressionsofheattransfercoefficientswereobtainedinallthefourregionsofstagnationandwalljetzonesbeforethehydraulicjump.

简介：同时的免费传送对流在上面并且在一个一致地激烈的水平盘子下面广泛地被调查了在等温的表面的情况中，并且一致地激烈的表面，但是总是作为液体(Pr=0.7)假定仅仅空气。不过，有工作，处理其结果证明Pr上的Nu依赖不能被一条幂定律简单地与Gr那的一样的代表表示的水平盘子。在等温的水平长带的情况中学习Prandtl数字影响因此被认为有用。，结果为长带的更低的表面显示出那在Gr的Nu依赖能被一条幂定律与代表结束表示到Gr那，为代表是的上面的表面聪明地不同。与调查状况有关的相关方程被建议。

简介：客观；为了评估临床的申请并且在皮肤上讨论反向的背面的掌部的拍动和它的复合拍动的起作用的指示，hand.Methods背叛：从1990～2003，我们使用了反向的背面的掌部的拍动和它的复合拍动在122种情况中修理手指的软织物缺点，它与腱接枝，神经接枝或骨头接枝包括了反向的掌部的拍动的90个盒子和它的复合拍动的32个盒子。基于后续观察，我们分析了在比较tocontralateral的掌部的拍动和它的复合拍动，手术后的轮廓，拍动颜色和质地回顾地摸的颠倒的指示。结果：在122个盒子的系列，熬过的拍动和施主地点缺点直接被关上。后续时期从1-12年。拍动和它的复合拍动的Thepostoperative轮廓，颜色和质地类似于正常手指的那些，尽管线性疤留下了。根据感觉恢复的标准(英国医药研究委员会，BMRC)，拍动的感觉功能在操作以后恢复了S31年。在有拍动与腱接枝对待的腱缺点的10种情况中，手指的屈曲扩展的功能用全部的活跃运动的测量的方法与相反地侧面的手指相比恢复了50%-75%。在有不属于工会的phalangeal或拍动与骨头接枝对待的骨头缺点的7种情况中，联合为3months.Conclusions发生在操作以后：到有骨头或腱暴露的手指上的软织物缺点，反向的掌部的拍动和它的复合拍动是为修理的一种更好的选择。修理的范围直到手指的远侧的interphalangeal关节。第二根背面的掌部的动脉象脉管的小花梗的选择更一致、更大，与另外的背面的掌部的动脉比较。手术后的拍动颜色和质地类似于正常手指。

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简介：AIM:Tostudytheeffectsofdifferentflapsizesonvisualacuity,refractiveoutcomes,andaberrationsafterfemtosecondlaserforlaserkeratomileusis(LASIK).·METHODS:Ineachofthefortypatientsenrolled,1eyewasrandomlyassignedtoreceivetreatmentwitha8.1mmdiametercornealflap,definedasthesmallflap,whiletheothereyewastreatedwitha8.6mmdiametercornealflap,definedasthebigflap.Refractiveerrors,visualacuity,andhigher-orderaberrationswerecomparedbetweenthetwogroupsatweek1,month1and3postoperatively.·RESULTS:Thepostoperativerefractiveerrorsandvisualacuityallconformedtotheintendedgoal.Postoperativehigher-orderaberrationswereincreased,especiallyinsphericalaberration(Z12)andverticalcoma(Z7).Therewerenostatisticallysignificantdifferencesbetweenthetwogroupsintermsofpostoperativerefractiveerrors,visualacuity,rootmeansquareoftotalHOAs(HO-RMS),trefoil30°(Z6),verticalcoma(Z7),horizontalcoma(Z8),trefoil0°(Z9),andsphericalaberration(Z12)atanypointduringthepostoperativefollow-up.·CONCLUSION:Boththesmallandbigflapsaresafeandeffectiveprocedurestocorrectmyopia,providedtheexposurestromameetstheexcimerlaserablations.Thepersonalizedsizecornealflapisfeasible,aswecandesignthesizeofcornealflapbasedontheprinciplethatthecornealflapdiametershouldbeequaltoorgreaterthanthesumofthemaximumablationdiameterandapparatuserror.

简介：ＭｏｍｅｎｔｕｍＤｉｓｔｒｉｂｕｔｉｏｎｏｆＰｒｏｄｕｃｔｓｆｒｏｍＴｒａｎｓｆｅｒａｎｄＦｒａｇｍｅｎｔａｔｉｏｎＴｒａｎｓｆｅｒａｎｄＦｒａｇｍｅｎｔａｔｉｏｎ￥ＷｕＺｈｏｎｇｌｉＴｈｅｍｏｍｅｎｔｕｍｄｉｓｔｒｉｂｕｔｉｏｎ...

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简介：Thepresentworkusesdynamicmodedecomposition(DMD)toanalyzewakeflowofNACA0015airfoilwithGurneyflap.ThephysicsofDMDisfirstintroduced.ThenthePIV-measuredwakeflowvelocityfieldisdecomposedintodynamicalmodes.Thevortexsheddingpatternbehindthetrailingedgeanditshigh-orderharmonicshavebeencapturedwithabundantinformationsuchasfrequency,wavelengthandconvectionspeed.Itisobservedthathigh-orderdynamicmodesconvectfasterthanlow-ordermodes;moreoverthewavel...

简介：在激光，微波和类似的技术的进展导致了包含皮组织的热治疗的最近的开发。这些处理的有效性被管理由联合了影响织物的热、机械、生物、神经的回答：一个有利相互作用相对小的疼痛和没有持续副作用地导致一个过程。当前，尽管每个行为的方面到建立并且理解的某个程度，任何一个都不在学科交差的区域存在到日期。一条高度学科交差的途径为学习皮肤的biothermomechanical行为被要求，包含简历热转移，简历力学和生理学。对这个题目恰当的全面文学评论在这篇论文被介绍，盖住四个题目区域：(a)皮肤结构，(b)皮肤简历热转移和热损坏，(c)皮肤简历力学，和(d)皮肤biothermomechanics。为进一步的研究的主要问题，问题，和话题也被构画出。这评论发现在每这些方面的重要进展在最近的年里被完成了。尽管焦点被放在皮肤织物的biothermomechanical行为之上，在这篇论文考察的基本概念和方法论可能也为学习另外的软纸巾是适用的。

简介：位和手掌的degloving损害仍然是坚持的挑战。我们使用了在前面偏一边的大腿拍动与这个索引，中间和戒指手指的degloving损害对待一个18岁的、右手的男工人。拍动被指定包支撑degloving损害的三根手指的全部圆周并且形成露指手套手。三根手指的远侧的方阵的全部的长度被保留几乎完全。施主缺点被裂口厚度皮肤接枝盖住。在第一操作以后的三个月，X射线学揭示了终端phalanxexr