简介:通过建立一个典型的金/硅界面结构模型,对X射线入射界面时的剂量增强效应进行了研究。采用MonteCarlo方法计算了不同能量X射线入射金/硅界面的输运过程。其中,对X射线产生的次级电子在介质中的输运,采用了单次碰撞直接模拟方法;对电子的弹性散射截面和非弹性散射截面,分别采用Mott微分截面和Born近似下的广义振子强度模型计算得到。研究计算了不同能量X射线入射下,金/硅界面的剂量增强系数及特定X射线能量下剂量增强系数随金厚度的变化规律。结果表明:X射线能量为几十至几百keV时,剂量增强效应最明显,最大剂量增强系数对应的X射线能量随距金/硅界面的距离增加而增加;金的厚度影响界面附近剂量增强效果,当X射线能量不变时,剂量增强系数随金的厚度增加而增加,并趋于饱和值。
简介:依据光纤波导中的电磁场传输基本理论,计算了光纤波导中的电磁场分布、约束系数及色散系数随折射率的变化关系,开展了γ射线对融石英材料及色散位移光纤的辐射实验。实验验证了理论计算结果,得到了折射率及色散系数随吸收剂量的变化关系。计算及实验结果均表明:1)光纤的折射率随吸收剂量的增加而增大,辐射效应使电子密度增大是折射率改变的主要因素。2)折射率的变化会引起传输模式的场强分布变化,从而导致光纤的辐射感生波导损耗;在吸收剂量0~2000Gy内,光纤仍满足弱导边界条件,能够维持对传输模式的约束。3)光纤的色散系数随吸收剂量的增加而增大,在吸收剂量0~500Gy内,光纤色散增加量呈逐渐饱和趋势;暴露在核辐射环境中的长距离光纤,其快脉冲光波信号将产生展宽畸变。
简介:ThestatusoftheEuropeanX-rayFree-ElectronLaser(EuropeanXFEL),underconstructionnearHamburg,Germany,isdescribed.ThestartofoperationsoftheLCLSatSLACandofSACLAinJapanhasalreadyproducedimpressivescientificresults.TheEuropeanXFELfacilityispoweredbya17.5GeVsuperconductinglinearacceleratorthat,comparedtothesetwooperatingfacilities,willgeneratetwoordersofmagnitudemorepulsespersecond,upto27000.Itcanthereforesupportmodesofoperationswitchingthebeamupto30timespersecondamongthreedifferentexperiments,providingeachofthemwiththousandsofpulsespersecond.Thescientificpossibilitiesopenedupbythesecapabilitiesarebrieflydescribed,togetherwiththecurrentinstrumentaldevelopments(inoptics,detectors,lasers,etc.)thatarenecessarytoimplementthisprogram.
简介:Energylevels,radiativerates,oscillatorstrengthsandlinestrengthsarereportedfortransitionsamongthelowest97levelsofthe(1s22s22p6)3s23p2,3s23p3d,3s3p3,3p4,3s3p23d,and3s23d2configurationsofRbXXIV.AmulticonfigurationDirac–Fock(MCDF)methodisadoptedforthecalculations.Radiativerates,oscillatorstrengths,andlinestrengthsareprovidedforallelectricdipole(E1),magneticdipole(M1),electricquadrupole(E2),andmagneticquadrupole(M2)transitionsfromthegroundleveltoall97levels,althoughcalculationsareperformedforamuchlargernumberoflevels.Toachievetheaccuracyofthedata,comparisonsareprovidedwithsimilardataobtainedfromtheFlexibleAtomicCode(FAC)andalsowiththeavailabletheoreticalandexperimentalresults.Ourenergylevelsarefoundtobeaccuratetobetterthan1.2%.WavelengthscalculatedarefoundtolieinEUV(extremeultraviolet)andx-rayregions.Additionally,lifetimesforall97levelsareobtainedforthefirsttime.
简介:Veryrecently,theBelleandBESIIIexperimentsobservedanewcharmonium-likestateX(3823),whichisagoodcandidatefortheD-wavecharmonium(13D2).BecausetheX(3823)isjustneartheDˉDthreshold,thedecayX(3823)!J=+??canbeagoldenchanneltotestthesignificanceofcoupled-channeleffects.Inthiswork[1],thisdecayisconsideredincludingboththehidden-charmdipionandtheusualquantumchromodynamicsmultipoleexpansion(QCDME)contributions.
简介:Temperatureanddensityasymmetrydiagnosisiscriticaltoadvanceinertialconfinementfusion(ICF)science.Amultimonochromaticx-rayimager,MMI,recordsthespectralsignaturefromanICFimplosioncorewithtimeresolution,2Dspatialresolutionandspectralresolution.Whilenarrow-bandimagesand2Dspace-resolvedspectrafromtheMMIdataconstrainthetemperatureandthedensityspatialstructureofthecore,theaccuracyoftheimagesandthespectrahighlydependsonthequalityoftheMMIdataandtheprocessingtools.Here,wesyntheticallyinvestigatethecriterionforreliableMMIdiagnosticsanditseffectsontheaccuracyofthereconstructedimages.Thepinholearraytiltdeterminestheobjectspatialsamplingefficiencyandtheminimumreconstructionwidth,w.Whenthespectralwidthassociatedwithwissignificantlynarrowerthanthespectrallinewidth,thelineimagesreconstructedfromtheMMIdatabecomereliable.TheMMIsetuphastobeoptimizedforeveryapplicationtomeetthiscriterionforreliableICFdiagnostics.
简介:Non-smallcelllungcancer(NSCLC)accountsfor85%oflungcancer,whichistheleadingcauseofdeathinlungcancerpatient.RoutinetreatmentofNSCLCcannoteffectivelychangethesurvivalrateofpatients,oneimportantreasonistheincreasedradioresistanceoftumorcellsafterconventionalradiotherapy.
简介:TodepictthedetailsthatCHOP(C/EBPhomologousprotein)regulatesautophagyandapoptosisinbreastcancercells,theexpressionofCHOPwasinhibitedbytransfectionwithsiRNAsequence.AsshowninFig.1,radiati-Fig.1CHOPinhibitionbysiRNAatmRNAandproteinlevelsafterradiation.onelicitedahigherexpressionofCHOPintheNCgroupcomparedwithcontrol.However,thishigherexpressionwassignificantlyinhibitedinthesiRNAgroup.
简介:Si-richsiliconnitridefilmsarepreparedbyplasma-enhancedchemicalvapordepositionmethod,followedbythermalannealingtoformtheSinanocrystals(Si-NCs)embeddedinSiNxfloatinggateMOSstructures.Thecapacitance–voltage(C–V),current–voltage(I–V),andadmittance–voltage(G–V)measurementsareusedtoinvestigatethechargingcharacteristics.Itisfoundthatthemaximumflatbandvoltageshift(△VFB)duetofullchargedholes(~6.2V)ismuchlargerthanthatduetofullchargedelectrons(~1V).ThechargingdisplacementcurrentpeaksofelectronsandholescanbealsoobservedbytheI–Vmeasurements,respectively.FromtheG–VmeasurementswefindthattheholeinjectionisinfluencedbytheoxideholetrapswhicharelocatedneartheSiO2/Si-substrateinterface.CombiningtheresultsofC–VandG–Vmeasurements,wefindthattheholechargingoftheSi-NCsoccursviaatwo-steptunnelingmechanism.TheevolutionofG–VpeakoriginatedfromoxidetrapsexhibitstheprocessofholeinjectionintothesedefectsandtransferringtotheSi-NCs.
简介:Tonguesquamouscellcarcinoma(ToSCC)isthemostcommontypeofheadandnecksquamouscellcarcinomaandisthesixthleadingcauseofcancerdeathsworldwide[1].Inclinicaloncology,radiationtherapyisastandardtreatmentusedfortumors.Numerousstudieshaveshownthatconventionalradiotherapyusedincancertreatmentmayincreasetheriskofmetastasisofmalignanttumorcells[2–4].Toimprovepatientsurvival,thepotentialformetastasisoftumorsinresponsetoradiationneedstobeaddressed.
简介:Self-emissionx-rayshadowgraphyprovidesamethodtomeasuretheablation-fronttrajectoryandlow-modenonuniformityofatargetimplodedbydirectlyilluminatingafusioncapsulewithlaserbeams.Thetechniqueusestime-resolvedimagesofsoftx-rays(>1keV)emittedfromthecoronalplasmaofthetargetimagedontoanx-rayframingcameratodeterminethepositionoftheablationfront.Methodsusedtoaccuratelymeasuretheablation-frontradius(δR=±1.15μm),image-to-imagetiming(δ(t)=±2.5ps)andabsolutetiming(δt=±10ps)arepresented.Angularaveragingoftheimagesprovidesanaverageradiusmeasurementofδ(Rav)=±0.15μmandanerrorinvelocityofδV/V=±3%.ThistechniquewasappliedontheOmegaLaserFacility[Boehlyetal.,Opt.Commun.133,495(1997)]andtheNationalIgnitionFacility[CampbellandHogan,PlasmaPhys.Control.Fusion41,B39(1999)].