简介：Ginkgolicacids(GAs),primarilyfoundintheleaves,nuts,andtestaofginkgobiloba,havebeenidentifiedwithsuspectedallergenic,genotoxicandcytotoxicproperties.However,littleinformationisavailableaboutGAstoxicityinkidneysandtheunderlyingmechanismhasnotbeenthoroughlyelucidatedsofar.InsteadofGAsextract,therenalcytotoxicityofGA(15:1),whichwasisolatedfromthetestaofGinkgobiloba,wasassessedinvitrobyusingMDCKcells.TheactionofGA(15:1)oncellviabilitywasevaluatedbytheMTTandneutralreduptakeassays.Comparedwiththecontrol,thecytotoxicityofGA(15:1)onMDCKcellsdisplayedatime-anddose-dependentmanner,suggestingthecellsmitochondriaandlysosomesweredamaged.ItwasconfirmedthatGA(15:1)resultedinthelossofcellsmitochondrialtrans-membranepotential(ΔΨm).Inpropidiumiodide(PI)staininganalysis,GA(15:1)inducedcellcyclearrestattheG0/G1andG2/Mphases,influencingontheDNAsynthesisandcellmitosis.CharacteristicsofnecroticcelldeathwereobservedinMDCKcellsattheexperimentalconditions,asaresultofDNAagarosegelelectrophoresisandmorphologicalobservationofMDCKcells.Inconclusion,thesefindingsmightprovideusefulinformationforabetterunderstandingoftheGA(15:1)inducedrenaltoxicity.

简介：AristolochiaeFructus,aChineseherbalmedicinederivedfromthefruitofAristolochiacontortaBge.,containsnephrotoxicaristolochicacidanalogues(AAAs).Accordingtoancientmedicaltexts,variousmedicinalpartsofthefruitofA.contortawereeverused.Inordertorevealwhichpartcouldbesafelyandeffectivelyused,itisnecessarytoanalyzethechemicalprofilesofdifferentmedicinalparts.HereinwecomparedthechemicalcompositionsanddeterminedaristolochicacidI(AA-I)andaristolochicacidII(AA-II)inthefourpartsviz.outerpericarp,innerpericarp,septum,andseed.Ultra-highperformanceliquidchromatographyequippedwithquadrupoletime-of-flightmassspectrometry(UHPLC-QTOF-MS)wasappliedforchemicalprofiling.Ultra-highperformanceliquidcoupledwithtriplequadrupolemassspectrometry(UHPLC-QqQ-MS)wasemployedtoquantifyAA-IandAA-IIindifferentparts.Itwasfoundthatthechemicalcompositionsofthefourpartsvariedbothqualitativelyandquantitatively.Atotalof10AAAs,including5aristolochicacidsand5aristolactams,togetherwith3alkaloids,wereunambiguouslyortentativelyidentifiedbyUHPLC-QTOF-MS.ThequantitativelyanalyticalresultsobtainedbyUHPLC-QqQ-MSshowedthatAA-IandAA-IIexclusivelyaccumulateintheseedsofA.contorta.Thesefindingsprovidesupportingdatafortherationalselectionofmedicinalparts.