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简介：BACKGROUND:Studieshaveshownthatneurogenesisinthedentategyrusplaysanimportantroleinlearningandmemory.However,studieshavenotdeterminedwhetherthesuperiorcervicalganglionorthesympatheticnervesysteminfluenceshippocampalneurogenesisorlearningandmemoryinadultrats.OBJECTIVE:Toobservedifferencesindentategyrusneurogenesis,aswellaslearningandmemory,inadultratsfollowingsuperiorcervicalganglionectomy.DESIGN,TIMEANDSETTING:Arandomized,controlled,animalstudywasperformedattheImmunohistochemistryLaboratoryoftheSchoolofLifeSciencesinLanzhouUniversityfromJuly2006toJuly2007.MATERIALS:DoublecortinpolyclonalantibodywasprovidedbySantaCruzBiotechnology,USA;avidin-biotin-peroxidasecomplexwaspurchasedfromZhongshanGoldenbrideBiotechnology,China;MorriswatermazewasboughtfromTaimengTechnology,China.METHODS:Atotalof20adult,male,Wistarratswererandomlydividedintosurgeryandcontrolgroups,with10ratsineachgroup.Inthesurgerygroup,thebilateralsuperiorcervicalganglionsweretransected.Inthecontrolgroup,thesuperiorcervicalganglionswereonlyexposed,butnoganglionectomywasperformed.MAINOUTCOMEMEASURES:Toexaminedistribution,morphology,andnumberofnewbornneuronsinthedentategyrususingdoublecortinimmunohistochemistryat36daysfollowingsurgicalprocedures.ToexamineabilityoflearningandmemoryinadultratsusingtheMorriswatermazeat30daysfollowingsurgicalprocedures.RESULTS:Doublecortinimmunohistochemicalresultsshowedthatareductioninthenumberofdoublecortin-positiveneuronsinthesurgerygroupcomparedtothecontrolgroup(P<0.05),whilethedistributionofdoublecortin-positiveneuronswasidenticalinthetwogroups.Thesurgerygroupexhibitedsignificantlyworseperformanceinlearningandspatialmemorytaskscomparedtothecontrolgroup(P<0.05).CONCLUSION:Superiorcervicalganglionectomyinhibitedneurogenesisinthedentategyrusanddecreasedlearningandmemorya

简介：BACKGROUND:Previousexperimentshaveconfirmedbonemorphogeneticproteins(BMPs)upregulatecholinergicexpressioninneuronsisolatedfromtheembryonicrathippocampusandcerebralcortex.Therefore,BMPscouldbeusefulfortreatingAlzheimer'sdiseaseandotherneurodegenerativediseases.OBJECTIVE:BMP-4wasinfusedintothehippocampaldentategyrusoffornix-fimbriatransectedratstotesttheeffectsofBMP-4oncholinergicexpressionindentategyrusneurons,andtoobservechangesinspatialmemorybehavior.DESIGN:Arandomizedcontrolledanimalexperiment.SETTING:DepartmentofNeurosurgeryandLaboratoryforCellBiology,InstituteofGeriatrics,GeneralHospitalofChinesePLA.MATERIALS:Twenty-sevenhealthyadultmaleSpragueDawley(SD)rats,weighing250-300g,wereprovidedbytheLaboratoryAnimalCenteroftheGeneralHospitalofChinesePLA.Reagents:BMP-4(B-2680,SigmaCompany)andcholineacetyltransferase(ChAT)antibody(AB5042,ChemiconCompany)wereusedinthisstudy.Equipments:aratstereotaxicinstrument(type:SN-2N,NarushigeGroup,Japan)andImage-prog-plusimageanalysissoftware(MediaCyberneticscompany,USA)wereusedinthisstudy.Theprotocolwascarriedoutinaccordancewithethicalguidelinesfortheuseandcareofanimals.METHODS:ThisexperimentwasperformedintheInstituteofGeriatrics,GeneralHospitalofChinesePLAbetweenJuly2004andMarch2005.Ratswererandomlydividedinto4groups:Alzheimer'sdiseasegroup(n=7),normalcontrolgroup(n=5),BMP-4-Alzheimer'sdiseasegroup(n=8),andmodelgroup(n=7).IntheAlzheimer'sdiseasegroup,thelefthippocampalfornix-fimbriaofratswastransectedtomimicAlzheimer'sdiseasesymptoms.IntheBMP-4-Alzheimer'sdiseasegroup,1μLBMP-4(10mg/L)wasperfusedintotheleftdentategyruswithamicroinjectorat1μL/min.Inthemodelgroup,1μLsalinewasperfusedintothesamepositionbythesamemethod.Twenty-eightdaysafterinjection,Morriswatermazetestwasperformedinallr

简介：Thepresentstudywasdesignedtodeterminemicrotubule-associatedprotein-2andsynaptophysinexpressioninthehippocampalCA3regioninaratmodelofmiddlecerebralarteryocclusion.TheratsweretreatedwithacupunctureatBaihui(GV20),Qubin(GB7),andQianding(GV21)points,inadditiontoexercisetraining.Resultswerecomparedwithratsundergoingexercisetrainingonly.TheY-mazemethodandimmunohistochemistryrevealeddecreasederrorfrequencyofpassingthroughY-maze,aswellassignificantlyincreasedmicrotubule-associatedprotein-2andsynaptophysinexpression,intheacupuncturewithexercisetraininggroupcomparedwiththemodelandexercisetraininggroupsafter5weeks.Microtubule-associatedprotein-2andsynaptophysinexpressionsnegativelycorrelatedwitherrorfrequencyofpassingthroughtheY-maze.Theseresultssuggestedthatacupuncturecombinedwithexercisetrainingimprovedlearningandmemoryfunctionsinaratmodelofcerebralinfarction.ThemechanismsofactionwerehypothesizedtobeassociatedwithdendriticorsynapticplasticityintheipsilateralhippocampalCA3region.