简介：DearEditor,Adenocarcinomaofthenonpigmentedciliaryepithelium(NPCE)isararemalignanttumorwhichisnoteasytobefoundintheearlystage~([1]).Herein,wereportacaseofadenocarcinomaoftheNPCEinaChineseboyanddiscussits

简介：AIM:ToexplorethemolecularmechanismsinlensdevelopmentandthepathogenesisofPetersanomalyinSmad4defectivemice.METHODS:Le-CretransgenicmouselinewasemployedtoinactivateSmad4inthesurfaceectodermselectively.PathologicaltechniqueswereusedtorevealthemorphologicalchangesoftheanteriorsegmentinSmad4defectiveeye.ImmunohistochemicalstainingwasemployedtoobservetheexpressionofE-cadherin,Ncadherinanda-SMAinanteriorsegmentofSmad4defectivemiceandcontrolmiceatembryonic(E)day16.5.Real-timequantitativepolymerasechainreaction(qPCR)wasperformedtodetecttheexpressionofSnail,Zeb1,Zeb2andTwist2inlensofSmad4defectivemiceandcontrolmiceatE16.5.RESULTS:ConditionaldeletionofSmad4oneyesurfaceectodermresultedincorneaidysplasia,iridocornealangleclosure,corneolenticularadhesionsandcataractresemblingPetersanomaly.LossofSmad4functioninhibitedE-cadherinexpressioninthelensepitheliumcellsandcorneaiepitheliumcellsinSmad4defectiveeye.ExpressionofN-cadherinwasupregulatedincorneaiepitheliumandcorneaistroma.BothE-cadherinandN-cadherinweredown-regulatedatthefuturetrabecularmeshworkregioninmutanteye.TheqPCRresultsshowedthattheexpressionofTwist2wasincreasedsignificantlyinthemutantlens(P<0.01).CONCLUSION:Smad4isessentialtoeyedevelopmentandlikelyacandidatepathogenicgenetoPetersanomalybyregulatingepithelial-mesenchymaltransition.Twist2canberegulatedbySmad4andplaysanessentialroleinlensdevelopment.

简介：

简介：AIM:Tocomparetheanteriorandposteriorcornealparametersbeforeandaftercollagencross-linkingtherapyforkeratoconus.METHODS:Collagencross-linkingwasperformedin31eyesof31keratoconuspatients(meanage30.6±8.9y).Priortotreatmentandanaverage7moaftertherapy,ScheimpfluganalysiswasperformedusingPentacamHR.Inadditiontocornealthicknessassessments,cornealradius,elevation,andaberrometricmeasurementswereperformedbothonanteriorandposteriorcornealsurfaces.Dataobtainedbeforeandaftersurgerywerestatisticallyanalyzed.RESULTS:Intermsofhorizontalandverticalcornealradius,andcentralcornealthicknessnodeviationswereobservedanaverage7moafteroperation.Cornealhigherorderaberrationshowednodifferenceneitheronanteriornoronposteriorcornealsurfaces.Duringfollow-upperiod,nosignificantdeviationwasdetectedregardingelevationvaluesobtainedbymeasurementinmmunitsbetweenthe3.0-8.0mm-zones.CONCLUSION:Cornealstabilizationcouldbeobservedintermsofanteriorandposteriorcornealsurfaces,elevationandhigherorderaberrationvalues7moaftercollagencross-linkingtherapyforkeratoconus.

简介：AIMTo在一年后续上分析并且比较五个不同变量(1wk，1，3，6并且12mo)：线性测密度术珍视的前面的囊(交流)，和以后的囊(PC)区域测密度术值，交流和PC，和交流洞在femtosecond以后的区域减小比率帮助激光的奔流surgery.METHODSThis是未来的比较级学习。71个病人经历了femtosecond在2014年6月和2015年12月之间的单个眼睛上的帮助激光的奔流外科。5.0公里直径激光帮助了前面的capsulotomy在所有眼睛上被执行。在每外科以后的评估，交流opacificaction(ACO)和密度铺平的PCopacification(PCO)被OculusPentacam?HR使用区域和线性测密度术方法。数字图象与一个裂缝灯Topcon摄影照相机和IMAGEnet?被捕获5软件。数字图象上的交流洞区域用Sketchandcalc区域计算器被测量并且变换成减小比率levels.RESULTSUsing皮尔森关联系数(PCC)，我们没发现关联(r=-0.091，P=0.46)在在ACO的进化之间的第12个月评价，区域测密度术珍视，PCO区域测密度术珍视看作了独立变量。我们没发现关联，用PCC(r=-0.096，P=0.43)在ACO线性测密度术价值和PCO的进化之间，线性测密度术珍视在第12月访问，作为独立变量两个都工作。交流线性测密度术层次和交流区域测密度术层次继续从第六强烈成长到第12个月。交流空缺区域减小比率的价值的分析(1wk，1，3，6，12mo)揭示了连续考试的价值之间的统计上重要的差别，但是变化的大小减少了。在在六和12之间监视月的最后的时期，变化的大小是结果显示出的low.CONCLUSIONOur当capsulorhexis区域减小比率铺平时，ACO测密度术从第六珍视到第12个月的Scheimpflug的猛烈增加显示了可观的减少。我们没发现在ACO区域和PCO区域和线性测密度术价值之间的关联，在第12月考试，作为独立变量工作。

简介：为了介绍一篇小说，用42的外国身体forceps.METHODSData用一个棱柱接触透镜经历了ACFB的移动的42个病人看的一个棱柱接触透镜和23计量器和23计量器在前面的房间角度的移动接近外国身体(ACFB)到2013年10月的从2008年1月的外国身体钳被收集并且分析。在组A的二十只眼睛由通过角膜的异色边缘切口使用toothed钳收到了常规途径，并且一旦移动是75%，在组B的22只眼睛通过ACFB的相反的角膜的异色边缘incision.RESULTSThe成功率经历了新奇方法(15/20)在组A，并且在组B的100%(22/22)。组A的平均操作时间与组B相比是显著地更长的(34.9汧畡潣慭洠摥捩瑡潩?慷?潣摮'渍?吠慥?牢慥?灵琠浩??呕?瀠湵瑣慵整欠牥瑡瑩獩?敮摥映牯栠汥?甠敳漠?牡楴楦楣污琠慥獲愠摮琠敨琠敲瑡敭瑮猠瑡獩慦瑣潩??癲祥漠?湩牴潡畣慬?牰獥?敲?佉?眠牥?敭獡牵摥愠?慢敳楬敮??湡?㈱潭刮卅?協??慷?L敬琠?敲畤散琠敨洠慥?畮扭牥漠?敭楤慣楴湯?敮摥摥映潲????剐卅?桳湵?敶獲獵琠慲敢畣敬瑣浯?湩瀠楲慭祲漠数?湡汧?汧畡潣慭?呅佈卄桔獩椠??牰獯数瑣癩?潣潨瑲挠浯慰慲楴敶猠湩汧?散瑮牥猠畴祤?潆瑲?楮敮攠敹?景??慰楴?

简介：AIM:Toconstructfunctionalhumanfull-thicknesscornealreplacements.METHODS:Acellularporcinecornealmatrix(APCM)wasdevelopedfromporcinecorneabydecellulariztion.Thebiomechanicalpropertiesofanterior-APCM(AAPCM)andposterior-APCM(PAPCM)werecheckedusinguniaxialtensiletesting.Humancornealcellswereobtainedbycellculture.Suspendingringwasdesignedbydeformationofanacupunctureneedle.MTTcytotoxicityassaywasusedtocheckthecytotoxicityofsuspendingringsoakingsolutions.Anewthree-dimensionalorganculturesystemwasestablishedbycombinationofsuspendingring,48-wellplateandmediumtogether.Ahumanfull-thicknesscornealsubstitutewasconstructedfromhumancornealcellswithAAPCMinanorgancoculturesystem.Biochemicalmarkerexpressionoftheconstructwasmeasuredbyimmunofluorescentstainingandmorphologicalstructureswereobservedusingscanningelectronmicroscopy.Pumpfunctionandbiophysicalpropertieswereexaminedbypenetratingkeratoplastyandfollow-upclinicalobservations.RESULTS:TherewerenocellsintheAAPCMorPAPCM,whereascollagenfibers,Bowman’smembrane,andDescemet’smembranewereretained.ThebiomechanicalpropertyofAAPCMwasbetterthanPAPCM.HumancornealcellsgrewbetterontheAAPCMthanonthePAPCM.Therewasnocytotoxicityforthesuspendingringsoakingsolutions.Fortheconstructedfull-depthhumancornealreplacementskeratocytesscattereduniformlythroughouttheAAPCMandexpressedvimentin.TheepitheliallayerwaslocatedonthesurfaceofBowman’smembraneandcomposedofthreeorfourlayersofepithelialcellsexpressingcytokeratin3.OnelayerofendothelialcellscoveredthestromalsurfaceofAAPCM,expressedNa+/K+ATPaseandformedtheendotheliallayer.Theconstructwassimilartonormalhumancorneas,withmanymicrovilliontheepithelialcellsurface,stromalcellswithalongshuttleshape,andzonulaoccludensontheinterfaceofendothelialcells.Theconstructwithstoodsurgicalprocedu