简介：obtainaninitialoverviewofgenediversityandexpressionpatterninporcinethymus,11,712ESTs(ExpressedSequenceTags)from100-day-oldporcinethymus(FTY)weresequencedand7,071cleanedESTswereusedforgeneexpressionanalysis.ClusteredbythePHRAPprogram,959contigsand3,074singletswereobtained.Blastsearchshowedthat806contigsand1,669singlets(totally5,442ESTs)hadhomologuesinGenBankand1,629ESTswerenovel.AccordingtotheGeneOntologyclassification,36.99%ESTswerecatalogedintothegeneexpressiongroup,indicatingthatalthoughthefunctionalgene(18.78%indefensegroup)ofthymusisexpressedinacertaindegree,the100-day-oldporcinethymusstillexistsinadevelopmentalstage.Comparativeanalysisshowedthatthegeneexpressionpatternofthe100-day-oldporcinethymusissimilartothatofthehumaninfantthymus.

简介：Theactivityofα-amylasefromporcinepancreaswasenhancedunderthetreatmentbyCe3+oflowconcentration(0.5～10μmol*L-1),butwasinhibitedbyCe3+ofhighconcentration(>10μmol*L-1).Ce3+athighconcentrationdisplacedCa2+fromα-amylasecompetitively.Theequilibriumdialysisdemonstratesthatα-amylasehasfiveCa2+-bindingsiteswithdifferentaffinities.ThefluorescencetitrationshowsthatCe3+canbindtoCa2+-bindingsites.

简介：Sincepigisanimportantlivestockspeciesworldwide,itsgeneexpressionhasbeeninvestigatedintensively,butrarelyinbrain.Inordertostudygeneexpressionprofilesinthepigcentralnervoussystem,wesequencedandanalyzed43,122highquality5′endexpressedsequencetags(ESTs)fromporcinecerebellum,cortexcerebrum,andbrainstemcDNAlibraries,involvingseveraldifferentprenatalandpostnataldevelopmentalstages.TheinitialESTswereassembledinto16,101clustersandcomparedtoproteinandnucleicaciddatabasesinGenBank.Ofthesesequences,30.6%clustersmatchedproteindatabasesandrepresentedfunctionknownsequences;75.1%hadsignificanthitstonucleicaciddatabasesandpartialrepresentedknownfunction;73.3%matchedknownporcineESTs;and21.5%hadnomatchestoanyknownsequencesinGenBank.WeusedthecategoriesdefinedbytheGeneOntologytosurveygeneexpressionintheporcinebrain.

简介：Aseriesofpoly(methylacrylate)copolymersofdifferentporestructuresweresynthesizedandfunctionalizedbypolyethylenepolyamine.Thelipasefromporcinepancreaswasadsorbedonthesepolymercarriers.Itwasfoundthattheproestructureandfunctionalgroupwerebasicfactorswhichaffectedtheactivityofimmobilizedlipase,TheoptimalconditionsforadsorbinglipasewerestudiedandtheeffectsofpH,ionicstrengthandtemperatureontheimmobilizedlipasewerecomparedwiththoseonthedissolvedlipase.

简介：Seriesofpoly(methylacrylate)copolymersofdifferentporestruc-turesweresynthesizedanddirectlyaminatedbypolyethylenepolyamine.Thelipacefromporcinepancreaswasadsorbedonthesecopolymers.Theactivityofimmobilizedlipasewasinfiuencedbydifferentpolyethylenepolyamines,thedegreeofcross-linkingandtherelativerolumeofpore-generatingsolvent.

简介：Specificcellularimmunetolerancemaybeessentialforsuccessfulxenotransplantationinhumans.Thymectomized(ATX),TandNKcell-depletedimmunocompetentmicegraftedwithxenogeneicfetalpigthymicandlivertissue(FPTHY/LIV)resultinefficientmousethymopoiesisandperipheralrepopulationoffunctionalmouseCD4+Tcell.Veryimportantly,thereconstitutedmouseTcellsarespecificallytoleranttopigdonorantigens.StudiesdemonstratedthatporcineMHCsmediatedpositiveandnegativeselectionofmousethymocytesinFPTHYgrafts,whereasmouseMHCswereinvolvedinnegativeselectioningrafts.Therefore,Tcelltolerancetoxenogeneicdonorantigenscouldbeinducedbygraftingdonorthymustissue.XenogeneicthymicreplacementmighthaveapotentialroleinthereconstitutionofcellularimmunityinpatientswithAIDSorotherimmunodeficienciescausedbythymusdysfunction.

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简介：我们孤立从PeyerGALT的补丁(Pps)编码猪的MyD88(poMyD88)的cDNA。poMyD88的完全的开的读物框架(ORF)包含879bp编码一推出了293aa残余。poMyD88的氨基酸顺序被N终端死亡，中介和C终端描绘Toll/IL-1受体(TIR)领域。通常认为的poMyD88蛋白质比带着它的老鼠(77.4%氨基酸身份)与它的人(87.2%氨基酸身份)分享相同的高水平对应物。poMyD88的Overexpression在人的胚胎的肾(HEK)参予了NF-B的进一步提高的激活表示猪的TLR2和猪的TLR4/MD-2的293个房间，然而并非在有相应ligands的刺激以后的猪的RP105/MD-1。MyD88的表示层次在怒气和mesenteric淋巴节点(MLN)是最高的，并且在新生的猪的消化纸巾降低。在成年的猪，在消化纸巾的表示层次是比在MLN和怒气的那些低的。这些结果建议一条MyD88依赖的发信号小径在新生儿以及在成年的猪是在场的并且它涉及这些动物的天生的免疫系统。

简介：从不成熟的动物的睾丸织物的碎片种并且发展精子发生什么时候grafted到immunodeficient老鼠的下的区域上。当声言不赞成时，一样的结果被获得啮齿类动物的不成熟的睾丸被注入裸体老鼠的subcutis。那些房间重新组成生精的小管并且便于精子发生。我们比较了这二个方法，织物grafting和房间注射方法，以在immunodeficient老鼠的三紧张的背的精子发生的效率，用象施主材料的新生的猪的阴囊的纸巾和房间。裸体、严重联合immunodeficient(SCID)和NOD/Shi-SCID，IL-2Rcnull(木钉)老鼠被用作接受者。在在外科以后的10个月，transplants组织学地被检验。grafting和房间注射方法在接受者老鼠的背上导致了猪的精子发生；在transplants在场的spermatids的百分比分别地是67%和22%。用grafting方法，老鼠的所有三紧张支持了精子发生的一样的程度。至于房间注射方法，尽管SCID鼠标是为支持宪法和精子发生的最好的主机，从另外的紧张的任何差别不是重要的。当木钉老鼠没好些显示出结果，免疫不全的严厉似乎为支持xeno宫外的精子发生无关。我们的结果证实管状的宪法对猪的阴囊的房间适用。象grafting方法一样的这个方法将为在动物的不同类型学习精子发生是有用的。

简介：骨头导出髓的间充质的干细胞(MSC)是为房间移植在临床的应用程序显示出一个重要潜力的pluripotent干细胞。在现在的论文，proteomic技术被用来接近与猪的骨头髓MSC联系的蛋白质侧面并且在5-azacytidine(5-aza)的效果上调查MSC蛋白质的规定。超过1,700蛋白质种类根据胶化分析与MSC被分开。与控制MSC介绍的表达式相比，有起来调整的11个蛋白质点并且26在5-aza-treated房间的蛋白质模式下面调整。21蛋白质的一个总数被MALDI-TOF-MS分析成功地识别，在哪个之中一些有趣的蛋白质，例如高山哈B-crystallin，在A2的附属建筑，和stathmin1，被报导了通过不同发信号的小径在房间增长和区别包含。我们的数据应该为MSC区别和apoptosis的未来学习是有用的。

简介：AIMTo与人的角膜的上皮的房间和成纤维细胞调查角膜的前面的薄片状的重建的可行性，并且在vitro.METHODSThe支架的一个非细胞组成的猪的角膜矩阵(APCM)从与0.5%钠dodecyl硫酸盐(SDS)被对待的新鲜猪的角膜被准备答案和角膜的房间的完全的移动被hematoxylin曙红证实(他)染色并且4′；，染色的6-diamidino-2-phenylindole(DAPI)。人的角膜的成纤维细胞和上皮的房间与沥滤是有教养的从APCM提取的液体，然后房间proliferative能力被MTT评估试金。构造人的角膜的前面的薄片状的代替，角膜的成纤维细胞被注入APCM并且为3d有教养，由culturing列在后面在基质构造的角膜的上皮的房间为另一10d出现。角膜的代替被分析由他染色，并且immunofluorescencestaining.RESULTSHistological检查显示在APCM由没有房间他染色，并且染色的DAPI没检测任何剩余DNA。从APCM的沥滤的液体几乎没在人的角膜的成纤维细胞和上皮的房间的增长能力上有小影响。在10d，一连续盖住APCM的表面的人的角膜的上皮的房间的3～5层被观察，并且注射角膜的成纤维细胞在支架以内散布了。构造的显型类似于正常人的角膜，与cytokeratin的高表示12在上皮的房间层和在stroma.CONCLUSIONCorneal的vimentin的高表示，前面的薄片状的代替能被与一个非细胞组成的猪的角膜矩阵栽培人的角膜的上皮的房间和成纤维细胞在vitro重建。这在vivo为进一步的移植打了基础。

简介：AIMTo比较特征预装，在IOL交货procedures.METHODSTotal期间，101人看的非预装的intraocular透镜(IOL)交货系统在这个未来的观察盒子系列被包括。包括iSert250NC60(NC60)的IOL的5种类型的交货特征，EnVistaMX60(MX60)，AcrySofIQSN60WF(SN60WF)，TECNISZCB00(ZCB00)，和TECNISPCB00(PCB00)被调查。NC60和PCB00经由预装的交货系统被注射，另外的IOL经由非预装的系统被注射。在人的试用，从装载到培植的结束的IOL花的时间在经历常规奔流外科的所有眼睛被测量。用4只切除猪的眼睛，在一个IOL注射者和一只猪的眼睛之间的眼的viscosurgical设备(OVD)的动力学用IOL培植的染色钠的OVD.RESULTSThe平均时间是的荧光黄被分析为NC60，为MX60的43.2年代，为SN60WF的32.3年代，为ZCB00的41.4年代，和为PCB00的14.6年代的22.0年代分别地。有有第二台仪器的IOL操作的案例的数字为MX60是6，2为ZCB00，0为SN60WF，NC60，和PCB00。推进一只猪的眼睛的OVD的数量比与非预装的systems.CONCLUSIONIOL有预装的系统的交货更快、更可预言的与一个预装的系统是更小的。而且，一个预装的交货系统相对显示出比非预装的系统推进一只猪的眼睛的更少的OVD。

简介：Transesterificationbetweenmethyl-butyrateand1-butanolinnonaqueoussystemswascatalyzedbyporcinepancreaticlipasewhichwasimmobilizedoncross-linkedpolystyrene.Organicsolvents,substrateconcentration,contentsofwaterandotherparameterswhichaffecttheimmobilizedenzymeactivitywerestudied.Lipaseimmobilizedonhydrophobiccrosslinkedpolystyrenecanreduceitsdiffusionlimitinthereaction.Itwasfoundthattheactivityofimmobilizedlipaseinorganicsystemswastwotimesashighasthatoffreelipase.

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简介：AbstractBackground:Multiple techniques are commonly used for posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) reconstruction. However, the optimum method regarding the fixation of PCL reconstruction after PCL tears remains debatable. The purpose of this study was to compare the biomechanical properties among three different tibial fixation procedures for transtibial single-bundle PCL reconstruction.Methods:Thirty-six porcine tibias and porcine extensor tendons were randomized into three fixation study groups: the interference screw fixation (IS) group, the transtibial tubercle fixation (TTF) group, and TTF + IS group (n = 12 in each group). The structural properties of the three fixation groups were tested under cyclic loading and load-to-failure. The slippage after the cyclic loading test and the stiffness and ultimate failure load after load-to-failure testing were recorded.Results:After 1000 cycles of cyclic testing, no significant difference was observed in graft slippage among the three groups. For load-to-failure testing, the TTF + IS group showed a higher ultimate failure load than the TTF group and the IS group (876.34 ± 58.78 N vs. 660.92 ± 77.74 N [P < 0.001] vs. 556.49 ± 65.33 N [P < 0.001]). The stiffness in the TTF group was significantly lower than that in the IS group and the TTF + IS group (92.77 ± 20.16 N/mm in the TTF group vs. 120.27 ± 15.66 N/m in the IS group [P = 0.001] and 131.79 ± 17.95 N/mm in the TTF + IS group [P < 0.001]). No significant difference in the mean stiffness was found between the IS group and the TTF + IS group (P = 0.127).Conclusions:In this biomechanical study, supplementary fixation with transtibial tubercle sutures increased the ultimate failure load during load-to-failure testing for PCL reconstruction.

简介：AIM:Toconstructfunctionalhumanfull-thicknesscornealreplacements.METHODS:Acellularporcinecornealmatrix(APCM)wasdevelopedfromporcinecorneabydecellulariztion.Thebiomechanicalpropertiesofanterior-APCM(AAPCM)andposterior-APCM(PAPCM)werecheckedusinguniaxialtensiletesting.Humancornealcellswereobtainedbycellculture.Suspendingringwasdesignedbydeformationofanacupunctureneedle.MTTcytotoxicityassaywasusedtocheckthecytotoxicityofsuspendingringsoakingsolutions.Anewthree-dimensionalorganculturesystemwasestablishedbycombinationofsuspendingring,48-wellplateandmediumtogether.Ahumanfull-thicknesscornealsubstitutewasconstructedfromhumancornealcellswithAAPCMinanorgancoculturesystem.Biochemicalmarkerexpressionoftheconstructwasmeasuredbyimmunofluorescentstainingandmorphologicalstructureswereobservedusingscanningelectronmicroscopy.Pumpfunctionandbiophysicalpropertieswereexaminedbypenetratingkeratoplastyandfollow-upclinicalobservations.RESULTS:TherewerenocellsintheAAPCMorPAPCM,whereascollagenfibers,Bowman’smembrane,andDescemet’smembranewereretained.ThebiomechanicalpropertyofAAPCMwasbetterthanPAPCM.HumancornealcellsgrewbetterontheAAPCMthanonthePAPCM.Therewasnocytotoxicityforthesuspendingringsoakingsolutions.Fortheconstructedfull-depthhumancornealreplacementskeratocytesscattereduniformlythroughouttheAAPCMandexpressedvimentin.TheepitheliallayerwaslocatedonthesurfaceofBowman’smembraneandcomposedofthreeorfourlayersofepithelialcellsexpressingcytokeratin3.OnelayerofendothelialcellscoveredthestromalsurfaceofAAPCM,expressedNa+/K+ATPaseandformedtheendotheliallayer.Theconstructwassimilartonormalhumancorneas,withmanymicrovilliontheepithelialcellsurface,stromalcellswithalongshuttleshape,andzonulaoccludensontheinterfaceofendothelialcells.Theconstructwithstoodsurgicalprocedu

简介：目前，有在vitro不可靠像睾丸的biomimetic机关文化系统设计了在Sertoli和Leydig房间上估计人的gonadotropins的功能的效果的装配prepubertal。精子发生被调整由内分泌，paracrine，和juxtacrine因素(阴囊的串音)，主要由象luteinizing荷尔蒙(LH)和由分别地刺激Leydig和Sertoli房间起一个枢轴的作用的刺激滤泡的荷尔蒙(FSH)那样的gonadotropins安排了。我们的学习的目的是建立一在里面vitroprepubertal是的猪的bioengineered构造为重新集合的Sertoli和Leydig房间上的试验性的研究的一个新模型。我们评估了从15-获得到20-day-old的Sertoli和Leydig房间新生的猪睾丸以纯净和功能。随后，净化了Sertoli并且充实Leydig房间受到coincubation获得一在里面vitroprepubertal猪的像睾丸的文化系统。我们为anti-M执行了连接酶的immunosorbent试金(ELISA)