简介:Solventextractionofpalladium(Ⅱ)fromhydrochloricacidsolutionwith2-n-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one(OIT)/cyclohexanewasstudied.Effectsofdifferentparametersonextractionefficiencywereevaluated.99.96%and98.26%palladium(Ⅱ)couldbeeffectivelyextractedwith0.018mol·L-1OIT/cyclohexaneof0.1and4.0mol·L-1HClmedium,respectively.Nonpolarsolventandlowaciditycouldimprovetheextractingefficiency,andsuccessfullystrippalladium(Ⅱ)fromtheloadedorganicphasewasachievedwith0.5mol·L-1(NH2)2CSsolution.ItwasproposedthattheextractionofPdcomplexesfromHClmediumproceededthroughtheionassociationmechanismbyslopemethod,NMRandFT-IRspectra.
简介:采用化学平衡模拟软件GEMS预测了锌湿法冶金过程中涉及的锌在Zn(Ⅱ)-NH3-H2O和Zn(Ⅱ)-NH3-Cl--H2O体系中的溶解度,并构建了其含锌物种分布图和优势区图。采用平衡实验方法测定了相同条件下锌的溶解度,其结果与预测结果相吻合。含锌物种的分布图和优势区图表明,在弱碱性条件下,2个体系均为以锌氨和羟基锌氨配合物为溶液的主要物种,其中Zn(NH3)24-为主要优势物种;在Zn(Ⅱ)-NH3-Cl--H2O体系中,锌氨氯三元配合物的形成能有效增大锌在中性条件下的溶解度,在该体系中存在Zn(OH)2、Zn(OH)1.6Cl0.4和Zn(NH3)2Cl23种固相,固相产物的形成取决于体系中总锌、总氨和总氯浓度。这些热力学平衡图表明了体系中各种物种之间的相互影响作用,并预测了总氨和总氯浓度的变化对锌溶解度的影响,为锌湿法冶金提供了热力学数据。
简介:Todevelopanewmagnesiumalloywithexcellentformabilityatroomtemperature,theeffectofY,Ce,andGdadditionontextureandstretchformabilityofMg–1.5Znalloyswascarriedout.TheresultshowsthatY,Ce,andGdadditioninMg–1.5Znalloyscaneffectivelyweakenandmodifythebasalplanetexture,characterizedbyTD-splittextureinwhichthepositionofbasalistitledfromnormaldirection(ND)towardtransversedirection(TD).WhenMg–1.5ZnalloywithGdadditionappearslowtextureintensityandTD-splittexture,wherethepositionofbasalpolesistiltedbyabout±35°fromNDtowardtoTD,thelargestErichsenvalueof7.0andtheelongationratereaches29.1%inTDdirection.However,YandCeadditioninMg–1.5Znalloyspromotealargenumberofsecondphaseparticles,whichcancelthecontributionoftheuniquebasaltexturetostretchformabilityandductility.
简介:研究保温时间对0.98(K0.5Na0.5)NbO3-0.02LaFeO3(缩写为0.98KNN-0.02LF)无铅陶瓷相结构、显微组织、介电性能及铁电性能的影响。所有烧结样品均为纯的伪立方钙钛矿相,保温时间对相结构影响不大。随着保温时间的延长,样品的XRD衍射峰逐渐增强,并且向低角度移动。SEM观察结果显示,随着保温时间的延长,陶瓷样品的致密性提高,晶粒异常长大并出现孪晶结构。介电温谱表明,随着保温时间的延长,介电性能有所降低。电滞回线结果表明,2Pr随着保温时间的延长而增大的程度有所减小,而2E略有增加。在1150℃烧结2h得的到陶瓷的性能较优:εr=2253,tanδ〈5%,2Pr=34.51μC/cm2,2Ec=5.07kV/mm。
简介:Themetal-organicchemicalvapordeposition(MOCVD)techniqueisapromisingprocessforhigh-temperaturesuperconductorYBa2Cu3O7-δ(YBCO)preparation.Inthistechnique,itisachallengetoobtainbariumprecursorswithhighvolatility.Inaddition,thepurity,evaporationcharacteristics,andthermostabilityofadoptedprecursorsinwholeprocesswilldecidethequalityandreproducibleresultsofYBCOfilm.Inthepresentreport,bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-heptanedionato)barium(Ⅱ)(Ba(TMHD)2)wassynthesized,anditsstructurewasidentifiedbyFTIR,1HNMR,13CNMR,andESI-MSspectroscopy.Subsequently,thethermalpropertiesandthekineticsofdecompositionweresystematicallyinvestigatedbynonisothermalthermogravimetricanalysismethods.BasedontheaverageapparentactivationenergyevaluatedbytheOzawa,Kissinger,andFriedmanmethods,thevolatilizationprocesswasdiscussed,andallresultsshowthatBa(TMHD)2isunstableandhighlysensitivetothechangeoftemperatureduringthewholeevaporationprocess.Therefore,itisveryimportanttochoosesuitablevolatilizationtechnologyandconditionsforavoidingBa(TMHD)2break-down(orthermalaging)duringMOCVDprocess.Subsequently,thepossibleconversionfunctionisestimatedthroughtheCoats-Redfernmethodtocharacterizetheevaporationpatternsandfollowsaphaseboundaryreactionmechanismbythecontractingsurfaceequationwithaverageactivationenergyof118.7kJ.mol-1.
简介:激光冲击强化是一种新型表面处理技术,利用高功率激光束冲击金属零件表面,在零件表面形成较大的残余压应力,可有效改善零件的疲劳性能。以发动机1Cr11Ni2W2MoV叶片为研究对象,对其进行了激光冲击强化处理,研究强化处理对材料的微观组织和疲劳性能的影响。研究结果表明:相比未处理试样,激光冲击强化在1Cr11Ni2W2MoV叶片材料表层形成较大的残余压应力,表层晶粒更为细化,叶片的疲劳寿命提高1.7倍。
简介:采用光学显微镜和场发射扫描电镜,研究超声波对原位Mg2Si/Al复合材料中初生Mg2Si形态的影响。研究结果表明:超声波处理使初生Mg2Si的晶粒尺寸从150μm降低到20μm,初生Mg2Si形态发生改变。在二维形貌中,未实施超声波振动处理的初生Mg2Si晶粒生长为含有空腔的粗大颗粒,共晶组织生长于其中,相应的三维形态为含有漏斗状空腔的八面体和十四面体。超声波处理后的初生Mg2Si晶粒变成细小、实心三维形态的颗粒,颗粒棱角已发生钝化效应。
简介:基于ABAQUS/Explicit对Ti-15-3钛合金室温锥杯成形实验中悬空侧壁起皱现象进行分析,通过对零件边缘的皱纹波长和峰高的定量研究,获取较适合Ti-15-3钛合金室温成形侧壁起皱的模拟参数。将Ti-15—3钛合金室温锥杯成形起皱获取的模拟参数,用于Ti-15-3钛合金凸弯边橡皮成形起皱的预测,通过定量比较凸弯边边缘的皱纹波长和峰高,分析不同硬度的橡皮对Ti-15-3钛合金凸弯边橡皮成形起皱的影响。经实验验证,有限元模拟对Ti-15—3钛合金凸弯边上皱纹的模拟与实验结果有很好的一致性。
简介:NanostructuredandconventionalAl2O3-13wt%TiO2coatingsweremanufacturedbyairplasmaspray.FrictionandwearbehaviorsofcoatingswereinvestigatedatroomandelevatedtemperaturesusinganSRVweartestmachine.Thenanostructuredcoatinghas"tworegions"microstructure,whiletheconventionalcoatinghastypicallayeredmicrostructurewithobviousinterfacesamongsplats.Thecoefficientoffrictiondecreaseswithrisingoftemperaturebecauseoftheformationoftribo-layeratelevatedtemperatures.Thewearresistanceofthenanostructuredcoatingsishigherthanthatoftheconventionalcoating,andthewearthresholdofappliedloadis30Nforconventionalcoatingand40Nfornanostructurecoating.Thewearresistancedifferenceisrelatedtothe"tworegions"microstructureofnanostructurecoating,whichcouldbluntorbranchthecrackspropagation.Inourtestranges,thewearratesrisingaremoresensitivewiththeappliedwearloadrisingthanwiththetemperaturerising.
简介:在含有10%硫酸、5%硼酸和2%磷酸的混合电解液中,对2024-T3铝合金进行阳极氧化处理,以提高其耐腐蚀性能。使用电化学阻抗频谱分析研究阳极氧化处理后合金的腐蚀行为。利用塔菲尔图和盐水喷雾技术进行对比发现,与只用磷酸或硫酸和硼酸的电解液相比,使用含有10%硫酸、5%硼酸和2%磷酸的混合电解液阳极氧化处理后的2024-T3铝合金,具有更好的耐腐蚀性和持久性。该电解液可以替代普遍用于阳极氧化铝合金的铬酸盐浴。
简介:通过原位生成反应,采用Cu-3.4%Ti和Cu-0.7%B中间合金,利用快速凝固技术制备纳米TiB,颗粒增强块体Cu—Ti合金,然后对合金在900℃进行热处理l~10h。高分辨透射电镜(HRTEM)观察表明,在铜熔体中,Ti和B通过原位反应生成初始纳米TiB2颗粒和TiB晶须,TiB晶须的生成会导致TiB2颗粒粗化。初始TiB2颗粒沿晶界分布,会阻碍晶粒在高温下的生长。在对合金进行热处理时,晶粒内的Ti和B原子通过扩散反应生成二次TiB2颗粒。对合金热处理前后的导电率和硬度进行测试。结果显示,生成的二次TiB2颗粒能够延缓合金在高温下硬度的下降,合金的电导率和硬度随着热处理时间的延长而增加,在处理8h时分别为33.5%IACS和HVl58。
简介:PolycrystallinesamplesofLa12x(Sr12yAgy)xMnO3(y=0.0,0.2,0.4,0.6,1.0)werepreparedbythesolid-statereactionmethod.ThetemperaturestabilityofmagnetoresistanceandmagnetoresistanceenhancementinLa1-x(Sr1-yAgy)xMnO3systemwithbothunivalentandbivalentelementsdopedatAsiteandwithunchangedvalueofMn3+/Mn4+ratiowereexploredthroughthemeasurementsofX-raydiffractionpatterns,magnetiza-tion-temperature(M-T)curves,resistivity-temperature(q-T)curvesandmagnetoresistance-temperature(MR-T)curves.Theresultsareasfollows:therearetwopeaksintheq-TcurvesofthesampleswithAgdoping,oneiscausedbyresistancechangeduringtheparamagnetism-ferromagnetismtransition,andtheotherisfromboundary-dependentscatteringofconductionelectronsontheboundariesofgrains.ThepeakvalueofMRincreaseswithincreasingAgdopingcontent,anditincreasesfrom8.2%fory=0.2to29.6%fory=1.0underthemagneticfieldofB=0.8T;MRremainsaconstantof12%inthetemperaturerangeof218-168Kforthesamplewithy=1.0,andthetemperaturestabilityofMRisinfavorofthepracticalapplicationofMR.
简介:TheslidingfrictionandwearbehaviorsofMg–11Y–5Gd–2Zn–0.5Zr(wt%)alloywereinvestigatedunderoillubricantconditionbypin-on-diskconfigurationwithaconstantslidingdistanceof1,000minthetemperaturerangeof25–200°C.Resultsindicatethatthevolumetricwearratesandaveragefrictioncoefficientsdecreasewiththeincreaseofslidingspeeds,andincreasewiththeincreaseoftesttemperaturebelow150°C.ThehardandthermallystableMg12(Y,Gd)Znphasewithlong-periodstackingorderstructureinthealloypresentssignificantwearresistance.Thewearmechanismbelow100°Cisabrasivewearasaresultofplasticextrusiondeformation.Thecorporateeffectsofsevereabrasive,oxidative,anddelaminatingwearresultinthetribologicalmechanismabove100°C.
简介:通过磁化学熔体反应法在7055(Al-3%B)?Ti反应体系中成功制备TiB2/7055复合材料。利用XRD、OM和SEM等分析检测技术研究复合材料的相组成和微观组织。结果表明,脉冲磁场作用下生成的TiB2颗粒呈多边状或近球形,尺寸小于1μm,均匀分布于基体中。与未施加脉冲磁场的复合材料相比,施加磁场后α(Al)晶粒平均尺寸从20μm减小到约10μm,第二相从连续的网格状分布变为非连续性分布。在磁场作用下,复合材料的抗拉强度从310MPa提高到333MPa,伸长率从7.5%提高到8.0%。此外,与基体相比,在载荷为100N,磨损时间为120min时,复合材料的磨损量从111mg降低到78mg。
简介:Auniformtransienttemperaturefieldmodelofelectricalcontactsoperationwasfoundbyanalyzingtheprocessofclosingarc→constrictionresistanceJouleheat→breakingarc.EssentialparametersofAg/La2NiO4electricalcontactmaterialfortransienttemperaturefieldcalculationwereobtainedthroughtestsofelectricalcontactexperimentalinstrumentunder18VDCindifferentcurrents,othercorrelationexperiments,andcalculationanalysis.Thefiniteelementmethodwasappliedtosolvethetransienttemperaturefield,andthefeaturesanddistributionofthetransienttemperaturefieldwereobtained.Theconditionofmaterialerosionandmasstransfercanbeforecastedbythosecalculationresults.ItisbeneficialtoresearchaboutthelifetimeofAg/La2NiO4electricalmaterial.