简介：对线线的描述拓扑的关系尽管许多努力被做了，仍然是一个未解决的问题。这个问题涉及象空间质问，空间分析和制图综合那样的许多实际应用。开发一条健全、有效的途径描述线线关系，它是第一必要排队定义一个个人的拓扑学，即，本地拓扑学。连接的度的概念在一根线的几何结构被用于拓扑的差别的鉴定。一根线的一般拓扑的定义被给，即，端点集合和内部点设定。这个定义能被用于不同尺寸的嵌入的空格，合作尺寸是否等于或比零大。在这个基础上，打电话给4intersection-and-difference的一个通用模型为对基本线线的描述被建立拓扑的关系，一张概念的邻居图与拓扑的距离的考虑在之上被造。建议模型能在/R~1和/R~2代表在线片断之间的拓扑的变化，和基本关系的性质，这被结束。

简介：Anapplicationoflinesimplificationconsideringspatialknowledgeisdescribed.Amethodforidentifyingpotentialconflictregions,inordertoavoidtheselfintersectionofgeneralizedlines,isalsodiscussed.Furthermore,anewprogressivelinesimplificationalgorithmispresented.Fromtheviewpointofspatialcognition,aspatialhierarchicalstructureisproposed,anditsapplicationtoconstructionofspatialknowledgerelatedtoalineisexplained.

简介：

简介：

简介：部分吸藏和碎裂的线愿望导致直线通讯的各种各样的盒子，例如一对一，一对多或many-to-many。然而，复杂通讯，例如一对多并且many-to-many，通常被忽略或不能在存在方法完全被建立。这里，复杂通讯的本质将被分析。基于一根直线的二个特征，它被认为一根直线是一套在同一直线上的点，在复杂通讯之间的相容性和通讯被证明的点的唯一限制和通讯的新唯一限制介绍因为匹配的线被建议。基于复杂通讯的分析，线特征组的一个新概念被定义为证实所有通讯完全简单地被描述从不同图象然后一个新算法在直线特征之中描述一套不可分的通讯。有真实立体声图象的试验性的结果说明在直线之中的复杂通讯是实际盒子并且能有效地被建立。

简介：学习shear不稳定性的传统的Kelvin-Helmholtz观点不对与联系的盒子合适砍有大风的线在旋涡表砍。从那以后，shear不稳定性成为旋涡表的theinstability。如果速度被旋涡表导致，不平等(1？Rr+Rid)>0并且U(v，t)>U((t))成为旋涡表不稳定性的标准。这个标准显示那1)环境地的布置制止沿着shear线发展的骚乱。2)在那里多存在在shear的不稳定的过程的鈥攕c淡色啤酒相互作用排队。为不稳定性的必要条件的计算也在这篇论文被介绍。关键词砍线-导致的速度-旋涡表的不稳定性这个工作被工程在严重MesoscaleCovective的动态学习上在资助G1998040907下面并且由关键工程在中国在构词的机制和重要气候和天气灾难的预兆的理论的学习上支持系统在资助No.49735180下面由中国的国家自然科学基金会赞助了。

简介：Thewormgeologicalcommunityowesthe2ndInternationalGeologicalCongress(IGC)Bologna1881(i)theestablishmentofacommondisciplinarylanguage;(ii)agreementonthebasicchronostratigraphicalandchronologicalclassificationandnomenclature;(iii)agreementonthebasicprinciplesfornamingthefossilorganismsfollowingthebinomialnomenclatureandthepriorityrulestartingwithLinnaeus'SystemaNaturae(1776edition);(iv)theestablishmentofpermanentinternationalbodiesliketheInternationalCommissiononNomenclature,whichevolvedintothepresentInternationalCommissiononStratigraphy(ICS),andtheCommitteefortheGeologicalMapofEurope,evolvedtothepresentCommissionfortheGeologicalMapoftheWorld(CGMW);(v)theintroductionofaGeologicalExhibition(thepresentGeoexpo)intimatelyrelatedtotheIGC;(vi)thefirstorganizationofpost-CongressfieldtripsrelatedtotheCongressactivity;(vii)thefreedistributionofpublicationsandmapsspeciallypreparedfortheCongressmembers.ItalyowestheBolognaIGCthefoundationoftheSocietaGeologicaItalianawhichobtainedonsiteimmediateinternationalsubscription.BolognaowesitsIGCtotheopeningofthelafgeGeologicalMuseum(laternamedafterGiovanniCapellini,Chairmanofthe2ndIGC)andthearchaeologicalMuseoCivico.Suchanimpressiveseriesofresultswaspossiblethroughthe“spiritofco-operation”seededatthe1stParisIGC,thetimelyandenthusiastic"organizationaleffortsofCapellini,hisextensivenetworkofforeigncorrespondents,andhissmoothchairmanshipofthesessions.ablyassistedbyQuintinoSella,ThomasSterryHunt,EugeneRenevier,FrancoisFontannes,AugusteDaubreeandJamesHall.Paradoxically,thesuccessandfutureprosperityoftheIGCs,bothbeforeandaftertheestablishmentoftheInternationalUnionofGeologicalSciences(IUGS),wereenhancedbythelimitedgoals,mostlyfocusedontheestablishmentofformalconventions.ItisarguedthattheIGCmustmaintainitsiden

简介：ByusingthetheoriesonStokesmulticoloredwaterwavesandtakingthetwo-layeroceanasabasicmodelofstratifiedocean,thepaperanalyzestheproblemsrelatedtotheeffectsofthenonlinearwaterwaveonoffshorestructures.Amathematicalexpressionispresentedtodescribesecondorderwaveradiationconditions.Usingintegralprinciple,theanalyticalintegralsolutionsaregiventoevaluatesecondorderscatteredwaveloadsongeneralverticalcircularcylindersinthetwo-layerocean,andthespecialrecurrenceformulasforinfiniteintegralsoverfreeandstratifiedsurfacesarederived.

简介：Mooringmodelexperimentandmooringlinetensiondeterminationareofsignificancetothedesignofmooringsystemsandberthingstructures.Thispapermainlyinvolves:(a)descriptionandanalysisofamooringmodelexperiment;(b)derivationofstaticequilibriumequationsforamooredshipsubjectedtowind,currentandwaves;(c)solutionofmo.oringequationswiththeMonteCarlomethod;(d)qualitativeanalysisofeffectsofpierpilesonmooringlineforces.Specialemphasisisplacedonthederivationofstaticequilibriumequations,solutionmethodandthemooringmodelexperiment.

简介：Thelinecartographicsymbollocatedontheboundaryandthepointcartographicsymbollocatedbysinglepointarethemainbodyandstressofthemap.Thecartographicsymbolsaredividedintopoint,lineandareasymbolincartographyandtraditionaleducationalbooks,butuptonowthereisonlyqualitativedescriptionaboutthethreekindsofsymbols,therearenotthemathematicaldefinitionsofpoint,lineandareasymbols.Thispapertriestosolvetheproblem.Theauthorsproposethemathematicaldefinitionaboutpoint,lineandareacartographicsymbolaccordingtothetheoryoftopologyandexpoundtheirdependencerelation.

简介：1.ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＱｕａｓａｒｓａｒｅｔｈｅｍｏｓｔｌｕｍｉｎｏｕｓｏｂｊｅｃｔｓｉｎｔｈｅｕｎｉｖｅｒｓｅａｎｄｔｈｅｈｉｇｈｅｓｔｒｅｄｓｈｉｆｔｏｂｊｅｃｔｓｗｅｃａｎｄｉｒｅｃｔｌｙｏｂｓｅｒｖｅ.Ｕｎｄｅｒｓｔａｎｄｉｎｇｔｈｅｉｒｅｍｉｓｓｉｏｎｌｉｎｅｓｈａｓａｃｏｓｍｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌｉｍｐｅｒａｔｉｖｅｓｉｎｃｅｔｈｅｉｒｓｐｅｃｔｒａｄｅｐｅｎｄｏｎｌｕｍｉｎｏｓｉｔｙ(ｔｈｅ“Ｂａｌｄｗｉｎｅｆｆｅｃｔ”;Ｂａｌｄｗｉｎ1977,Ｏｓｍｅｒｅｔａｌ.1994).Ｏｎｃｅｗｅｃａｎｄｉｒｅｃｔｌｙｍｅａｓｕｒｅｔｈｅｉｒｌｕｍｉｎｏｓｉｔｙｔｈｅｑｕａｓａｒｓｗｉｌｌｇａｕｇｅｔｈｅｅｘｐａｎｓｉｏｎｏｆｔｈｅｕｎｉｖｅｒｓｅａｔｒｅｄｓｈｉｆｔｓｚ∧5.Ａｔｔｈｅｓａｍｅｔｉｍｅ,ｔｈｅｏｒｉｇｉｎｏｆｔｈｅｃｈｅｍｉｃａｌｅｌｅｍｅｎｔｓｒｅｍａｉｎｓａｃｅｎｔｒａｌｔｈｅｍｅａｃｒｏｓｓｍｕｃｈｏｆｓｔｅｌｌａｒ,ｇａｌａｃｔｉｃ,ａｎｄｅｘｔｒａｇａｌａｃｔｉｃａｓｔｒｏｐｈｙｓｉｃｓ.Ｑｕａｓａｒｓｐｒｏｂｅｅａｒｌｙｅｐｏｃｈｓｉｎｔｈｅｆｏｒ...

简介：

简介：Thispaperdealswiththeautomaticconnectionofcontourlinesextractedfromascannedbrowngeographicalmap.Forthevarietyoftopographicalelementscontainedonamap,thefactorscausingtheinterrup-tionofcontourlinearealsomultiform,whichmaketheconnectiontaskverydifficult.Onthebasisofseparatingthoseelementsalwaysmakingthecon-toursbreakandregardingthemasref-erentlayers,alayering-basedmethodispresented.Thepurposeistotakeintoaccountpropertyinformation(likeinclinationandconfiguration)ofcon-tourlineswhentheycomeacrossotherdifferentsymbols,suchasgully,cliff,drylandandelevationannotationetc.Inthispaper,theauthorsproposethatitshouldbefarmoreeffectiveanddi-recttoadoptdifferentalgorithmicop-eratorstodifferentfactorsthanusingsingleoneoperatortoall.

简介：

简介：这研究调查了通过确定、概率的预报在华南在2007年4月23日与伪静止的前面联系的一根嚎啕线的可预测性。我们的结果证明嚎啕线模拟是很敏感的在物理parameterization计划从水平分辨率和无常为错误建模。至少一种10-km格子尺寸是必要的高雅地捕获这根嚎啕线。有4.5km的一种格子尺寸的模仿的嚎啕线对相对象微视物理学和行星的边界层那样的另外的物理计划的长波浪的放射parameterization计划很敏感。为从20～5km的一种格子尺寸，一个积云parameterization计划降级了嚎啕线模拟(相对关掉它)，与到格子尺寸的更严重的降级<10km比>10km。到起始的错误的嚎啕线模拟的敏感通过整体预报被调查。嚎啕线的整体模拟的表演对起始的错误很敏感。约15%整体成员高雅地捕获了嚎啕线的进化，25%失败了，并且60%打乱了嚎啕线。用物理parameterization的不同联合，为不同成员的计划能改进概率的预报。这个案例的铅时间仅仅是一些小时。错误生长清楚地与潮湿的传送对流开发被联系。当起始的错误逐渐地被减少时，在嚎啕线模拟的性能的线性改进被观察，与来自起始的潮湿地的最大的贡献。

简介：Themercurycontentin158fishesand28musselsintheSecondSonghuariverweredetected.Therangeofmercuryconcentrationsinfishesandmusselswas0.02-0.66mg/kgand0.002-0.056mg/kg,respectively.Thehistorychangeofmercurycontentinfisheswasanalyzedinthispaper.Fromupstreamtodownstream,theaveragemercuryconcentrationsinfishesincreasedwiththeincreaseofthedistancetotheheadstream,thendecreasedinthedownstreamofWujiazhantown(samplingsite).Thefactilluminatedthatthesourceofmercurycontaminationwasmercuryinsediment.Inthedifferentspeciesoffishes,themercuryconcentrationinParasiburusasvtuswasthehighestandtheorderofmercurydistributioninfisheswas:themercuryvalueinfishesintheriverbottom>thatinfishesinthesurfaceandthatinpredaciousfishes>thatinherbivorousfishes.Intheinvestigation,therewereamountoffisheswhosemercuryvalueexceededthecriterionforthatinfishesthatsuggestedthatthemercurycontaminationintheSecondSonghuaRiverhavenotcompletelybeeneliminateduntilnow.

简介：Beijing,Sep.10-13,2002Organizedby:TsinghuaUniversityofChina&InternationalResearchandTrainingCenteronErosionandSedimentation(IRTCES)Sponsoredby:NationalNaturalScienceFoundationofChina(NSFC)InternationalAssociationforHydraulicResearch(IAHR)UnitedNationsEducational,ScientificandCulturalOrganization(UNESCO)InternationalAssociationofHydrologicalSciences(IAHS)KasselUniversityofGermanyChineseHydraulicEngineeringSociety(CHES)German-SinoUnsteadySedimentTransport(GESINOS)http://vww.irtces.orghttp://www.Tsinghua.edu.cnINTRODUCTIONInthepastdecadefrequentlyoccurringfloodsclaimedthousandsoflivesandcausedeconomiclossofbillionsofUSdollars.AmongthemtheMississippiRiverfloodin1993,theRhineRiverfloodin1995,theYangtzeRiverfloodin1998,theHaiheRiverfloodin1996,andthestormsurgesinBangladeshin1991arethemostdevastating.Itisevidentthatboththefrequencyandintensityoffloodingareincreasing.TheDirstInternationalSymposiumonFloodDefenceinSep.2000,initiatedbyProfs.ToensmannandKoch,attractedmorethan200scientistsandengineersgatheringinKasselUniversitydiscussingtheever-increasingconcernedproblemsandsharingexperiencesandstrategiesforflooddefence.ManyscientistssuggestedtocontinuethetechnicalforumandtheTsinghuaUniversity(oneofthetopuniversitiesofChina)andtheInternationalResearchandTrainingCenteronErosionandSedimentation(IRTCES)areorganizingtheSecondInternationalSymposiumonFloodDefence(ISFD'2002)scheduledonSep.10-13,2002.Thepurposeoftheconferenceistoreviewthestate-of-the-artofthestudiesonfloodingandengineeringandnon-engineeringstrategies.Thesymposiumwillfocusonabetterunderstandinglawsoffloodingandenvironmentalproblemsinvolved,differentperspectivesevolved,climatechangeanditsimpactonextremehydrologicalevents,andreportingnewapproachestothestudyandcontroloffloodstrategies.More

简介：Therearethreebasicmethodsinradiativetransfercalculations,i.e.,line-by-line(LBL)integration,correlatedk-distributionmethod,andbandmodel.TheLBLintegrationisthemostaccurateofall,inwhich,therearetwoquadraturealgorithmsnamedinthispaperasintegrationbylinesandbysamplingpointswhencalculatingatmospherictransmittanceintheconsideredwavenumberregion.BecausetheLBLintegrationisthemostexpensiveofall,itisnecessaryandimportanttosavecalculationtimebutincreasecalculationspeedwhenitisputintouseinthedailyoperationinatmosphericremotesensingandatmosphericsounding.AsimplifiedLBLmethodisgiveninthispaperonthebasisofintegrationbylines,whichincreasescomputationalspeedgreatlywithkeepingthesameaccuracy.Then,wediscusstheeffectsofdifferentcutoffschemesonatmosphericabsorptioncoefficient,transmittance,andcoolingrateunderbothofaccurateandsimplifiedLBLmethodsindetail.Therearefourcutoffschemesdescribedinthispaper,i.e.,CUTOFFs1,2,3,and4.Itisshownbythisnumericalstudythatthewaytocutoffspectralline-winghasagreateffectontheaccuracyandspeedofradiativecalculations.TherelativeerrorsofthecalculatedabsorptioncoefficientsforCUTOFF2arethelargestunderdifferentpressures,whileforCUTOFF1,theyarelessthan2%atmostofsamplingpointsandforCUTOFFs3or4,theyarealmostlessthan5%inthecalculatedspectralregion,however,thecalculationtimeisreducedgreatly.WefindinthisstudythatthetransmittanceintheloweratmosphereisnotsensitivetodifferentLBLmethodsanddifferentcutoffschemes.Whereasforthehigheratmosphere,thedifferencesoftransmittanceresultsbetweenCUTOFF2andeachofotherthreecutoffschemesarethebiggestofallnomatterfortheaccurateLBLorforthesimplifiedLBLintegrations.Bycomparison,thebestandoptimizedcutoffschemeisgiveninthispaperfinally.

简介：MassselectionforfastgrowthwasconductedinthreePacificoyster(Crassostreagigas)stocksfromChina,JapanandKoreausingpreviouslyestablishedlines(CS1,JS1,andKS1).Todeterminewhethercontinuousprogresscanbeachievedbyselectionforgrowth,theprogenyofthreesecond-generationPacificoysterlineswasselectedforshellheightandevaluatedviaa400-dayfarmingexperiment.Whenharvestedattheendoftheexperiment,theselectedcrossesofCS2,JS2,andKS2linesgrewby9.2%,10.2%and9.6%largerthanthecontrolcrosses,respectively.Duringgrow-outstage,thegeneticgainofthreeselectedlineswas(10.2±1.4)%,(10.4±0.3)%,and(8.4±1.6)%,respectively;andthecorrespondingrealizedheritabilitywas0.457±0.143,0.312±0.071and0.332±0.009,respectively.Theseresultsindicatedthattheselectionforfastgrowthachievedsteadyprogressinthesecondgenerationofoyster.OurworkprovidessupportiveevidenceforthecontinuityofthePacificoysterselectivebreedingprogram.

简介：