简介:Thelong-termadjustmentprocessesofatmosphereandoceaninresponsetograduallyincreasedatmosphericCO2concentrationhavebeenanalyzedin70and140aintegrationswithNCARfully-coupledclimatesystemmodel(CSM).IntheseexperimentstheCO2concentrationhasbeenincreasedtodoubleandquadruplestheinitialconcentration,respectively.After70a,atthetimeofCO2doubling,themodelpredictssurfaceairtemperaturerisesby1.2and1.5KfortheglobeandthenorthwesternPacificOcean,respectively.Thebehaviorofthequadruplingrunissimilar:eachglobalandregionalmeansurfaceairtemperaturesincreaseby2.8and3.0KatthetimeofCO2quadrupling.Fromtheexperiments,surfaceairtemperaturechangesinthenorthwesternPacificOceanwillbemoredistinctivecomparedwiththeglobalaverage,mainlyduetoexceptionallylargewarmingandsealevelchangeneartheentranceoftheKuroshioextension.
简介:TheCommissionfortheGeologicalMapoftheWorld(CGMW),anIUGSaffiliatedbody,hasjustissuedthefirsteditionoftheStructuralMapoftheIndianOceanwhichwaspresentedduringthe32ndIGC(Florence).Duringthe1980's,theCommissionpublishedtheGeologicalAtlasoftheWorld,whichincludedthemapsofthe5oceansoftheglobe.Twodecadeshaveelapsedandtheknowledgeofthesea-floorexperiencedverysignificantprogress;thereforesome5yearsago,theCommissiondecidedtolaunchanewtypeofoceanmapping.TheStructuralMapoftheIndianOceanisthefirstofthisnewseriesofmaps.
简介:InterannualvariationsinthesurfaceandsubsurfacetropicalIndianOceanwerestudiedusingHadISSTandSODAdata-sets.Windandheatfluxdatasetswereusedtodiscussthemechanismsforthesevariations.OurresultsindicatethatthesurfaceandsubsurfacevariationsofthetropicalIndianOceanduringIndianOceanDipole(IOD)eventsaresignificantlydifferent.AprominentcharacteristicoftheeasternpoleistheSSTAreboundafteracoolingprocess,whichdoesnottakeplaceatthesubsurfacelayer.Inthewesternpole,thesurfaceanomalieslastlongerthanthesubsurfaceanomalies.ThesubsurfaceanomaliesarestronglycorrelatedwithENSO,whiletherelationshipbetweenthesurfaceanomaliesandENSOismuchweaker.Andthesubsurfaceanomaliesofthetwopolesarenegativelycorrelatedwhiletheyarepositivelycorrelatedatthesurfacelayer.Thewindandsurfaceheatfluxanalysissuggeststhatthethermoclinedepthvariationsaremainlydeterminedbywindstressfields,whiletheheatfluxeffectisimportantonSST.
简介:Inordertoimprovetheabilitytolocalizeasourceinanuncertainacousticenvironment,aBayesianapproach,referredtohereasBayesianlocalizationisusedbyincludingtheenvironmentintheparametersearchspace.Geneticalgorithmsareusedfortheparameteroptimization.Thismethodintegratestheaposteriorprobabilitydensity(PPD)overenvironmentalparameterstoobtainasequenceofmarginalprobabilitydistributionsoversourcerangeanddepth,fromwhichthemost-probablesourcelocationandlocalizationuncertaintiescanbeextracted.Consideringthattheseabeddensityandattenuationarelesssensitivetotheobjectivefunctionofmatchedfieldprocessing,weutilizetheempiricalrelationshiptoinvertthoseparametersindirectly.ThebroadbandsignalsrecordedbyaverticallinearrayinaYellowSeaexperimentin2000areprocessedandanalyzed.Itwasfoundthat,theBayesianlocalizationmethodthatincorporatestheenvironmentalvariabilityintotheprocessor,madeitrobusttotheuncertaintyintheoceanenvironment.Inaddition,usingtheempiricalrelationshipcouldenhancethelocalizationaccuracy.
简介:Thisarticlediscussestheinteractionofphthalatesandoceanalgaebasedonthestandardappraisalmethodofchemicalmedicineforalgaetoxicity.Throughtheexperimentsonthetoxiceffectsofdimethyl(o-)phthalate(DMP),diethyl(o-)phthalate(DEP),dibutyl(o-)phthalate(DBP)onoceanalgae,the50%lethalconcentrationofthethreesubstancesin48hand96hforplaeodectylumtricornutum,platymonassp,isochrysisgalbana,andskeletonemacostatumisobtained.TolerancelimitsoftheaboveoceanalgaeofDMP,DEP,andDBParediscussed.
简介:-Thispaperdiscussestheapplicationoffractaldimensionandfractalsinoceanengineering.Tohandlesomeoceanenvironmentproblems,theexistingfractalmethod,inwhichthefractaldimensionisaconstant,canbeused.Forsomecomplicatedproblemsinoceanengineering,thispaperpresentstheconceptofthevariabledimensionfractals(D=f(r)),i.e.,thefractaldimensionDisthefunctionofcharacteristicscalerinsteadofaconstant.Byusingvariabledimensionfractals,severaldeformationandstressstatesofoffshorestructuresaredescribed.
简介:Theoceanpoly-metallicnodulewasleachedbyusingslurryelectrolysisprocessinHCl-NaClmedium.TheleachingratesofMn,Co,CuandNiintheoceanpoly-metallicnoduleareallabove97%.Meanwhile,thehighpurityofelectrolyticMnO2isalsoobtainedasananodeproduct.Theeffectsofelectrolysiselectricquantity,acidity,temperature,slurrydensity,grainsizeandironionsconcentrationwerestudied.Theresultsshowthattheoceanpoly-metallicnodulecanbetreatedeconomicallyintheslurryelectrolysisprocess.
简介:到来自主要的河的淡水流量的全球海洋循环和温度的回答被在在麻省理工学院开发的全球海洋将军发行量模型(OGCM)堵住地区性的流量学习。进孟加拉和北阿拉伯的海的热带大西洋,西方的诺思太平洋,和海湾的流量有选择地被堵住。首先堵住河流量在河嘴(2个实际咸度单位)附近导致了咸度增加。更咸并且因此,更稠密的水然后被吝啬的水流在北方大西洋,诺思太平洋,和南部的印度洋搬运到更高的纬度。在北、南部的半球的海洋之间的随后的密度对比在主要海洋水流导致了变化。这些异常海洋水流导致重要温度变化(1掳C?2掳C)由结果,异常的热搬运。堵住的河流量创造的水流和温度异例经由沿海、赤道的凯尔文波浪从一海洋盆宣传了到其它。这研究建议河流量可能在海洋的咸度,温度,和发行量正在起一个重要作用;并且部分或充分堵住主要的河转移淡水因为社会目的可能显著地改变海洋咸度,发行量,温度,和大气的气候。进一步的研究是必要的在联合空气海洋系统估计河流量的角色。关键词河流量-海洋将军循环-淡水流动