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简介：TheRomeStatuteontheInternationalCriminalCourt(ICC)cameintoeffectofficiallyonJuly1,2002,signifyingthebirthofthefirstpermanentinternationalcriminaljusticeorganizationinhumanhistory.Althoughitstilltakessometimebeforethecourtgoesintoofficialoperation,thecomingintoeffectoftheStatutesignifiesasolidsteptowardtheloftyideallongcherishedbyman-realizingjudicialjusticeandsafeguardinglastingpeaceintheworld.

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简介：Inanymodernsocietyundertheroleoflaw,thecourt,astheorganoftrials,invariablyhasitsauthorityrecognizedbytheconstitutionandlaws,anauthoritythatthegeneralpublicacceptsasamatterofcourse.Sentencesandrulingspassedbythecourtrepresentrecognitionoftherelevantlegalmattersinaccordancewiththelaw,andtheirexecutionisguaranteedbythecompulsorypowerofthestate.Nevertheless,judgesarehumanbeingsand,

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简介：ReviewofWorkin2015In2015,theSPC,underthestrongleadershipoftheCentralCommitteeoftheCommunistPartyofChina(CPC)withComradeXiJinpingasGeneralSecretary,andundertheeffectivesupervisionoftheNationalPeople’sCongress(NPC)anditsstandingcommittee,profoundlystudiedandcarriedoutthespiritsofthe18thNationalCongressoftheCPC,andthethird,fourthandfifthplenarymeetingsofthe18thCPC

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简介：Themarginofappreciationiscontroversialanddifficulttounderstand.SinceitsfirstreferenceinthecaseofGreecevs.UK,themeaningofthisdoctrinehasevolvedfromdeferencetoderogationfromtheEuropeanConventiontoaninflationoflanguageusedormisusedbytheStrasbourgCourttopreservetheState’s"roomformanoeuvre"or"latitudeofdeferenceorerror."Inthispaper,Idividetheconceptofmarginofappreciationintotwocategories:thesubstantiveandstructuralconcept.TheStrasbourgCourtusuallygenerouslydeferstonationaldecisionsinstructuralscrutinywhereithastorespectEuropeanpluralismandthecollectiveinterestsofthecontractingpartiesunlessdomesticdecisionsareregardedas"manifestlyunreasonable."Incontrast,theEuropeanHumanRightsCourtscrutinizescarefullyinthesubstantivesenseofmarginofappreciation.Somefactorsortestapproacheswillbeidentifiedfirst,bywhichtheCourtsubstantivelynarrowsorlimitsthescopeofmarginpreservedfortheStates.Theresultoftwoconceptualmarginsofappreciationmaybereciprocallytransformedinsomecircumstances.WhenthecollectivegoodsurelyunderminesthecoreofConventionrights,theCourtwillnotstandwiththedomesticargumentsinceitmustensuretheimplementationofpan-Europeanhumanrightsstandards.Ontheotherside,theCourthasnocapacitytofurtherincreasestrictscrutinyincaseswherethereisacomplicatedrelationshipbetweenthemeansandendsintheproportionalitytest,implyingthatdomesticcourtsarebetterplacedthanthesupranationalcourtgiventhefactthattheyknowbetterthelocalrealityandhavemorelocalknowledge.

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简介：ItiswithparticularsatisfactionthatIaccedetotheinvitationtowritethisPrefacetoDr.GuShengkai'sbook'InternationalHumanRightsLaw:Inter-AmericanTheoryandPractice'.IfirstmetDr.GuShengkaiattheUniversityofNottingham,UnitedKingdom,on09December2002,whenItheredeliveredapubliclecture,attheHumanRightsLawCentreofitsSchoolofLaw,on'RecentDevelopmentsintheCase-LawoftheInter-AmericanCourtofHumanRights'.EversincehissuccessfulcompletionatthatUniversity,Dr.GuShengkaipursuedpatientlyhislineofresearchonthesubject-matterofhispresentbook.Theoutcomeofhisresearch,hispresentbook,givestestimonyofallhisendeavoursinexaminingthesubjectinaproperperspective.

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简介：Question:Asyouknow.attentionisnowgrowinginChinaandoutsidetojudicialprotectionofhumanrights.AsPresidentoftheSupremePeople’sCourtandChina’stopjudge,wouldyoumakesomecommentsonprotectionofhumanrightsunderChina’sjuridicalsystem?

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