简介：聚苯乙烯(PS)/triphenyl磷酸盐(TPP)composites被暂停聚合准备并且融化挤出，和火焰retardance和机械性质的比较研究被执行。结果比为获得PS/TPP的好dispersity融化挤出证明暂停聚合是一种更好的技术合成。TPPnanoparticles，是在尺寸的约50nm，被暂停聚合同质地并且一致地在一步舞在PS矩阵驱散。然而，PS/TPP合成部分被聚结，不规则地展出塑造了微米规模粒子由于融化挤出。与melt挤出相对照，由从21.8%增加到22.6%的暂停聚合的PS/TPPnanocomposite的有限的氧索引(LOI)，和点火(TTI)的时间增加了12.3%，山峰热版本率(PHRR)在8.5%减少了，并且全部的热版本(THR)在11.0%减少了。由暂停聚合的PS/TPPnanocomposite的机械性质也增加了。张力的力量，在裂缝的延伸，和曲折力量分别地增加了36.4%，8.5%，和108%。

简介：Polyvinylidenefluoride(PVDF)hollowfibermembranespreparedfromspinningsolutionswithdifferentpolyvinylpyrrolidone(PVP)contents(1%and5%)atdifferentextrusionrateswereobtainedbywet/dryphaseprocesskeepingallotherspinningparametersconstant.InspinningthesePVDFhollowfibers,dimethylacetamide(DMAc)andPVPwereusedasasolventandanadditive,respectively.Waterwasusedastheinnercoagulant.Dimethylformamide(DMF)andwater(30/70)wereusedastheexternalcoagulant.Theperformancesofmembraneswerecharacterizedintermsofwaterflux,soluterejectionforthewetmembranes.ThestructureandmorphologyofPVDFhollowfiberwereexaminedbyBETadsorption,dry/wetweightmethodandscanningelectronmicroscopy(SEM).ItisfoundthattheincreaseinPVPcontentandextrusionrateofspinningsolutioncanresultintheincreaseofwaterfluxanddecreaseofsoluterejection.Theimprovementsofinterconnectedporousstructureandporesizeareinducedbyshear-thinningbehaviorofspinningsolutionathighextrusionrates,whichcouldresultintheincreaseofwaterfluxofhollowfibermembranes.Theincreaseofextrusionratealsoleadstotheincreaseofmembranethicknessduetotherecoveryeffectofelasticpropertyofpolymerchains.

简介：Opticalcouplingbehaviorandassociatedeffectsintwo-dimensionalimplant-definedcoherentlycoupledverticalcavitysurface-emittinglaser(VCSEL)arraysarestudiedviabothexperimentsandtheoreticalcalculations.Experimentsshowthatopticalcouplingbetweenarrayelementscanenhancethearray’soutputpower.Additionally,opticalcouplingvialeakyopticalfieldscanprovideextraopticalgainforthearrayelements,whichcanthenreducethethresholdsoftheseelements.Elementscanevenbepumpedwithoutcurrentinjectiontoemitlightbyreceivingastrongleakyopticalfieldfromotherarrayelements.Opticalcouplingcanalsocauseunusualphenomena:thecentralelementsinlarge-areacoherentlycoupledVCSELarraysthatlasepriortotheouterelementswhenthearraysarebiased,ortheaverageinjectioncurrentrequiredforeachelementtolase,whichismuchlowerthanthethresholdforasingleVCSEL.Theoreticalcalculationsareperformedtoexplaintheexperimentalresults.