简介：AbstractObjective:To review current literature and experience with Gore-Tex® implant extrusion following medialization thyroplasty, as well as to report the unique case of Gore-Tex® implant extrusion following revision medialization thyroplasty.Methods:Review of existing literature and description of personal experience with unique case of Gore-Tex® implant extrusion following revision medialization thyroplasty.Results:Review of existing literature found no prior reported cases of Gore-Tex® implant extrusion following revision medialization thyroplasty. Risk factors for implant extrusion include the pressure of the implant on insertion and the inability to secure the implant. Cases of implant extrusion can be managed operatively via an endoscopic or via an external open approach.Conclusion:This is the first reported case of Gore-Tex® implant extrusion following revision medialization thyroplasty. Careful consideration should be given in revision medialization thyroplasty as additional implant material may cause increased pressure, a risk factor for implant extrusion.

简介：ObjectiveSinceHelms'successfulbilateralcochlearimplantationwithgoodresultsin1996,therehavebeenincreasingnumberofreportsonbilateralcochlearimplantation.Mostseconddevicehavebeenimplantatedwithinoneyearafterthefirst.Consideringeffectsoflongtimeauditorydeprivation,itisnotclearwhetheradelayedsecondcochlearimplantservestoaddadditionalbenefitsandhowitmayinteractwithcentralnervoussystemplasticity.MethodsThreecaseswhoreceiveddelayedsecondcochlearimplantsatPeople'sHospitalofPekingUniversityfrom2002to2005werereviewed.Theintervalbetweenthefirstandsecondimplantswaslongerthan2yearsinallthreepatients.Soundperception,andunilateral/bilateralspeechdiscriminationinquietandnoisewereevaluated.Inaddition,GAPdetectiontestwasconductedinonepatient.ResultsInonecase,havingbothimplantsonprovidedimprovedperformancecomparedtousingonlyoneimplantbothinquietandnoise.Presumablyduetovisualinterferencefromlip-readingorshortintervalbetweensecondimplantandtesting,onepatientshowednoimprovementfromusingthesecondimplanteitherinquietornoise,whilethelastcasedemonstratedadditionalbenefitsfromthesecondimplantonlyinquiet.Inallthreepatients,performanceinrecognizingthefourtonesinMandarinwassuperioroverwordrecognition.ConclusionsConsiderableplasticityinthecerebralauditorycenterispreserved,despitelongacousticdeprivationinsomechildrenwhohavereceivedunilateralcochlearimplant.Delayedsecondimplantscanresultinsignificantimprovementsinsomeofthesechildren.Visualinterferencefromlip-readingmaybeanobstacleduringretraining.ThebetterrecognitionoftonesintheMandarinlanguagemayrepresentadifferentsounddiscriminationmechanismintheauditorysystem,althoughitmayalsoberelatedtothesignalprocessingmechanismsoftheimplantused(MED-ELCOMBI40+).

简介：Auditoryneuropathy(AN)isahearingdisordercharacterizedbyabsenceofauditorybrainstemresponsesdespitepreservationofouterhaircellfunction,andhasattractedattentionsfromresearchersandaudiologistssincereportedbyStarretal[1].ClinicalmanifestationsinANpatientsincludeabnormalauditorybrainstemresponsesnormalotoacousticemissions,lackofacousticreflexeslargecochlearmicrophonics,speechperceptiondeteriora

简介：Abstract:Extrusionisanefficientmeasuretoimprovethetextureandphysic-chemicalpropertiesofbrownrice.Thepolynomialdegreetwomodelofextrusiontechnologicalparametersandgelatinizeddegree,waterabsorptionindex,watersolubleindexandmoisturecontentofextrudedmatterwasobtainedbymethodsofsinglefactorandresponsesurfacemethodology,R2=0.9649,0.8745,0.9079,0.8677.Theoptimaltechnoiogica!parametersofbrownriceextrusionwerefiguredoutasfollows:moisturecontentofbrownrice,11.42%,speedofscrew,30rpm,feedingspeed,and20rpm.

简介：SomenewresultsofimplantdisorderingonInPbasedMQWstructuresbyim-plantedcompositionaldisorderingarepresented.TheenergyshiftofPLpeakdependsonionspecies,iondose,annealingconditionsandtargettemperature,TheresultsindicatethatthenonactiveionssuchasF^+andNe^+arethebestcandiatesforIICD,theiondosewhichcausedbiggestblueshiftisaround1×10^14cm^-2forroomtemperatureimplantationand5×10^14cm^-2foranelevatedimplantedtemperatureof200℃andtheoptimumannealingconditionisapproximately750℃for30s.AESandTEMcharacterizationsuggeststhationbombardmentbynonelectricallyactiveionssuchasF^+,Ne^+inducedsameamountoflayerinterdiffusionwhichresultsinthebandgapblueshiftduetothecompositionalchanges.

简介：BilateralCochlearimplants(CIs)improvedspeechintelligibility,speechperceptioninbackgroundnoise,andsoundlocalizationinquietandnoisysituations.However,itisunclearwhethertheseadvantagesessentiallyresultinbinauralintegrationofacousticstimulifromeachear.Inthisstudy,weinvestigatedtheeffectivenessofbinauralintegrationbybilateralCIsplacementusingbinauralhearingtestsandsubjectiveauditoryperceptualassessment.A61-year-oldbilateralCIssubjectunderwentthefollowingfourtests:theJapaneseHearinginNoiseTest(HINT-J),thedichoticlisteningtest(DLT),theRapidlyAlternatingSpeechPerception(RASP)test,andsubjectiveauditoryperceptualassessment.TheHINTJscorewassignificantlyhigherforbilateralCIsthanforaunilateralCI.However,DLTandtheRASPtestrevealedcontradictoryresults.Subjectiveauditoryperceptualassessmentrevealedactiveandbrightimpressionsforbilateralhearing,whichwerealsonoisyandstrongcomparedwiththoseforunilateralhearing.TheresultsofthisstudyrevealedthatbilateralCIsimprovedspeechperceptioninbackgroundnoiseandanimprovedauditoryimpression,althoughthebilateralintegrationabilitieswerenotimproved.ThiswasprobablybecausethepatientwasrequiredtocombineinformationfromthetwoearsintoasingleperceptioninDLTandtheRASPtest.Morelongitudinaldatashouldbecollectedandanalyzedinfuturestudiestoevaluatethelong-termeffectsofbilateralCIs.

简介：AbstractWith cochlear implantation (CI) being the standard of care for profoundly deaf cases, more and more patients with low frequency residual hearing are currently being treated with CI. In view of preserving the residual hearing, the ultimate aim of both the surgeons and the CI companies is to achieve zero-degree of electrode insertion trauma. Variations in the size and shape of cochlea, cross-sectional dimensions of ST, electrode insertion techniques with and without metal stylet rod and the experience level of the operating surgeons, all play a role in the electrode array related insertion trauma. An effective electrode design must include flexible array to accommodate the cochlear shape variation, electrode with variety of array lengths to support the concept of cochlear size specific electrode array and finally smaller cross-sectional dimensions of electrode array in matching the cross-sectional dimensions of ST. As per published reports, FLEX electrode array design offers minimal degree of electrode insertion trauma along with the possibility of patient specific electrode array length matching their cochlear size. Looking at the cross-sectional dimensions of FLEX electrode array along with its volume, it appear to be highly safe to the cochlea by not taking too much volume inside the ST. To offer additional support, otological pre-planning software tool like OTOPLAN is now clinically available in measuring the cochlear size in finding the best electrode array match along with the possibilities of anatomy based post-operative speech processor fitting.

简介：为了在舷窗调查衣袋的效果，在金属流动上死，在忍受出口和挤出负担的die的温度被对比与传统死没有衣袋在的设计更低死。二个不同多洞舷窗有或没有衣袋死在更低死被设计。并且挤出过程基于商业软件DEFORM-3D被模仿。模拟结果证明衣袋能被用来有效地以金属流动在腿下面调整金属流动和特别利益。另外，在适用的die的最大的温度和山峰挤出负担减少，它显示增加挤出速度和生产率的可能性。

简介：Cochlearimplantationisauniquemethodtore-constructauditionforpatientswithseveretoprofoundhearingloss.Withincreasingclinicalapplicationofthistechnique,itsrehabilitativeeffectsinpatientshasbecomeanimportanttopicofhearingandspeechrehabilitationresearch.Thisarticleisanoverviewofhearingandspeechrehabilitativetraining,rehabilitativeefficacyevaluationandfactorsaffectingrehabilitationefficacyfollowingcochlearimplantation.

简介：

简介：

简介：MedicalforgedCoCrMoalloywastreatedbyplasmanitridingprocess.Themicrostructureswerecharacterizedby3Dprofiler,SEMandXRD.Thetribologicalpropertieswereinvestigatedunderlubricationof25%bovineserumsolution.Resultsshowthatplasmanitridingisapromisingprocesstoproducethick,hard,andmorewearresistantlayersonthesurfaceofCoCrMoalloy.AllnitridedsamplesshowedanimportantincreaseinthesurfacehardnessduetotheformationofharderCrNandCr2Nphaseswithcompactnano-crystallinestructures.ThetypicalhardnessvaluesofHV0.05increasedalmosttwotimesthanuntreatedone.Underbovineserumlubrication,atlownitridingtemperaturetheCoefficientofFriction（COF）ofnitridedsamplewaslowerthanthatofuntreatedsample,butathighnitridingtemperaturetheCOFwasalmostthesameastheuntreatedone.Comparedwiththeuntreatedsample,thenitridedsamplesshowedlowerwearratesandhigherwearresistanceunderdifferentnitridingtemperatures.TheadhesivewearisthemainmechanismforuntreatedCoCrMoalloyandthewearmechanismsofnitridedonesarethefatiguewearandslightadhesivewear.ItisconcludedthattheimprovementofwearresistanceisascribedtothehardnitrideformationofCrNandCr2Nphasesatthenitridedsurfaces.

简介：Electricallyevokedcompoundactionpotential(eCAP)amplitudeselicitedatsuprathresholdlevelswereassessedasameasureoftheeffectivenessofcochlearimplant(CI)stimulation.Twenty-oneindividualsparticipated;onewasexcludedduetofacialstimulationduringeCAPtesting.Foreachparticipant,eCAPswereelicitedwithstimulationfromsevenelectrodesneartheupperlimitoftheindividual'selectricaldynamicrange.Areduced-channelCIprogramwascreatedusingthosesamesevenelectrodes,andparticipantsperformedavoweldiscriminationtask.Consistentwithpreviousreports,eCAPamplitudesvariedacrosstestedelectrodes;theprofileswereuniquetoeachindividual.In6subjects(30%),eCAPamplitudevariabilitywaspartiallyexplainedbytheimpedanceoftherecordingelectrode.Theremainingamplitudevariabilitywithinsubjects,andthevariabilityobservedacrosssubjectscouldnotbeexplainedbyrecordingelectrodeimpedance.Thisimpliesthatotherunderlyingfactors,suchasvariationsinneuralstatusacrossthearray,areresponsible.Across-sitemeaneCAPamplitudewassignificantlycorrelatedwithvoweldiscriminationscores(r2?0.56).AsingleeCAPamplitudemeasuredfromthemiddleofthearraywasalsosignificantlycorrelatedwithvoweldiscrimination,butthecorrelationwasweaker(r2?0.37),thoughnotstatisticallydifferentfromtheacrosssitemean.NormalizingeacheCAPamplitudebyitsassociatedrecordingelectrodeimpedancedidnotimprovethecorrelationwithvoweldiscrimination(r2?0.52).FurtherworkisneededtoassesswhethercombiningeCAPamplitudewithothermeasuresoftheelectrode-neuralinterfaceand/orwithmorecentralmeasuresofauditoryfunctionprovidesamorecompletepictureofauditoryfunctioninCIrecipients.

简介：Amagneticandtemperaturefield-coupledmathematicalmodelisproposedtocalculatetheinductionheatingprocessofadiscardsubstitutionblockforbillethotextrusionprocess.Themathematicalmodelisvalidatedbycomparingsimulationresultswithtemperaturemeasurementsrecordedduringphysicalmodeling.Basedonsystematicalanalysisofcalculationresults,aquantitativesawtoothinductionpowercurvewasproposedtorealizetheaimofachievingthebestdistributedtemperaturefieldintheblockwithintheshortestinductiontime.

简介：Aim:ToverifywhetherpartialintraoperativeTenon'scapsuleresection(PTCR)withadjunctiveMitomycinCiseffectiveindevelopingthin,avascularblebsineyesundergoingAhmedglaucomavalveinsertionandtoassesstheefficacyandsafetyofthisprocedure.Methods:ThisstudywasconductedinfourLatinAmericacountries(Argentina,Brazil,ColombiaandPeru).AhmedglaucomavalveimplantinsertionwithPTCR(groupA)andwithoutPCTR(groupB)wasperformedinneovascular

简介：

简介：

简介：聚苯乙烯(PS)/triphenyl磷酸盐(TPP)composites被暂停聚合准备并且融化挤出，和火焰retardance和机械性质的比较研究被执行。结果比为获得PS/TPP的好dispersity融化挤出证明暂停聚合是一种更好的技术合成。TPPnanoparticles，是在尺寸的约50nm，被暂停聚合同质地并且一致地在一步舞在PS矩阵驱散。然而，PS/TPP合成部分被聚结，不规则地展出塑造了微米规模粒子由于融化挤出。与melt挤出相对照，由从21.8%增加到22.6%的暂停聚合的PS/TPPnanocomposite的有限的氧索引(LOI)，和点火(TTI)的时间增加了12.3%，山峰热版本率(PHRR)在8.5%减少了，并且全部的热版本(THR)在11.0%减少了。由暂停聚合的PS/TPPnanocomposite的机械性质也增加了。张力的力量，在裂缝的延伸，和曲折力量分别地增加了36.4%，8.5%，和108%。

简介：Toexploretheapplicationofsevereplasticdeformationforgrainrefinementinsteelproduction,anewmethodcalledcontinuousfrictionalangularextrusion(CFAE)wasappliedtorefinethegrainofinterstitial-freesteel.Thedeformationwascarriedoutatroomtemperatureandindividualsheetspecimenswereprocessedindifferentnumberofpasses.Anoverallgrainsizeof200nmwasachievedafter8passesandtheproportionofhigh-angleboundariestothetotalboundarieswasmorethan60%.ThroughthecharacterizationofhighresolutionEBSD,X-raydiffraction(XRD)andhardnesstesting,thispaperdiscussedtheevolutionofmicrostructuresandtexturesduringdeformationandexploredthedevelopmentdirectionofthemethod.

简介：AZ31Mg合金的微观结构进化在变化隧道期间，尖挤出(CCAE)被调查。AZ31Mg合金的谷物在在523K使变形的CCAE以后从500m显著地被精制到15m。脱臼在挤出的起始的阶段被导致，他们自己重排在变丑期间形成脱臼边界和亚谷物边界。当通过有紧张的水平变化隧道的标本增加了时，亚边界演变到高角度谷物边界(HAGB)。谷物精炼的过程能被描述为连续动态恢复和再结晶(CDRR)。