简介：AbstractFor the detection of steatosis, quantitative ultrasound imaging techniques have achieved great progress in past years. Magnetic resonance imaging proton density fat fraction is currently the most accurate test to detect hepatic steatosis. Some blood biomarkers correlate with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, but the accuracy is modest. Regarding liver fibrosis, liver stiffness measurement by transient elastography (TE) has high accuracy and is widely used across the world. Magnetic resonance elastography is marginally better than TE but is limited by its cost and availability. Several blood biomarkers of fibrosis have been used in clinical trials and hold promise for selecting patients for treatment and monitoring treatment response. This article reviews new developments in the non-invasive assessment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Accumulating evidence suggests that various non-invasive tests can be used to diagnose NAFLD, assess its severity, and predict the prognosis. Further studies are needed to determine the role of the tests as monitoring tools. We cannot overemphasize the importance of context in selecting appropriate tests.

简介：无

简介：Non-invasiveventilation(NIV)istheprovisionofventilatorysupportwithoutinstrumentationoftheairway.Itcanbeachievedusinganegative-pressuremachine(e.g.‘ironlung')or,morecommonly,withpositivepressureadministeredthroughawell-fittingmask.Thiscontributionconsiderspositivepressureventilationonly;negativepressureisnowseldomused.

简介：无

简介：AbstractPurpose:Liver is the most frequently injured organ in abdominal trauma. Today non-operative management (NOM) is considered as the standard of care in hemodynamically stable patients, with or without the adjunct of angioembolisation (AE). This systematic review assesses the incidence of complications in patients who sustained liver injuries and were treated with simple clinical observation. Given the differences in indications of treatment and severity of liver trauma and acknowledging the limitations of this study, an analysis of the results has been done in reference to the complications in patients who were treated with AE.Methods:A systematic literature review searched "liver trauma" , "hepatic trauma" , "conservative management" , "non operative management" on MEDLINE (via PubMed), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases, EMBASE, and Google Scholar, to identify studies published on the conservative management of traumatic liver injuries between January 1990 and June 2020. Patients with traumatic liver injuries (blunt and penetrating) treated by NOM, described at least one outcome of interests and provided morbidity outcomes from NOM were included in this study. Studies reported the outcome of NOM without separating liver from other solid organs; studies reported NOM complications together with those post-intervention; case reports; studies including less than 5 cases; studies not written in English; and studies including patients who had NOM with AE as primary management were excluded. Efficacy of NOM and overall morbidity and mortality were assessed, the specific causes of morbidity were investigated, and the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma classification was used in all the studies analysed. Statistical significance has been calculated using the Chi-square test.Results:A total of 19 studies qualified for inclusion criteria were in this review. The NOM success rate ranged from 85% to 99%. The most commonly reported complications were hepatic collection (3.1%), followed by bile leak (1.5%), with variability between the studies. Other complications included hepatic haematoma, bleeding, fistula, pseudoaneurysm, compartment syndrome, peritonitis, and gallbladder ischemia, all with an incidence below 1%.Conclusion:NOM with simple clinical observation showed an overall low incidence of complications, but higher for bile leak and collections. In patients with grade III and above injuries, the incidence of bile leak, collections and compartment syndrome did not show a statistically significant difference with the AE group. However, the latter result is limited by the small number of studies available and it requires further investigations.

简介：AbstractWith the widespread adoption of advanced tourniquets, the mortality rate of limb wound hemorrhage has decreased significantly, and non-compressible torso hemorrhage has gradually occupied the leading position of potentially preventable death, both in military and civilian circumstances. With the emergence of novel hemostatic devices and materials, strategies for the management of non-compressible torso hemorrhage have changed significantly. This review summarizes the current treatment strategies and types of equipment for non-compressible torso hemorrhage and suggests future research directions, hoping to provide a comprehensive review for the medical personnel and researchers engaging in this field.

简介：

简介：ChimonanthusplantswidelydistributedinsouthernareaofChina,whichhavealonghistoryofediblesandmedicine.PhytochemicalinvestigationshaveshownthatChimonanthusproduced143non-volatileconstituents,includingalkaloids,flavonoids,terpenoids,coumarinsandothers,whichexhibitsignificantanti-oxidant,anti-bacterial,anti-cancer,anti-inflammatory,antihyperglycemic,antihyperlipidemicandotherbiologicalactivities.Onthebasisofsystematicreviewingofliteratures,thisarticleoverviewsthenon-volatileconstituentsandpharmacologyofChimonanthusfromdomesticandforeignoverthelast30years(untilJune2018),andmayprovideausefulreferenceforthefurtherdevelopmentofChimonanthus.

简介：

简介：39Vibriocholerae的一个总数非，非，O139拉紧的O1从Dhaka城市的不同部分的表面水被孤立，孟加拉国。，显示出的这些种类ctx或zot基因缺乏的所有由PCRanalysis.Eighteen代表证明种类为enterotoxin生产使用被测试一个兔子ileal环模型，哪个生活8个种类和文化的房间6个种类过滤在ileal的生产液体累积循环。然而，任何一个都没他们生产热马厩毒素(圣)，由乳臭未干的老鼠试金检测了。在另一方面，中的15%个孤立由中国仓鼠卵巢(CHO)房间试金检测了的生产细胞毒素。乘集中的文化的五十紧张没对反霍乱毒素给任何沉淀素乐队的代表过滤，建议紧张生产了enterotoxin，它与已知的霍乱毒素(CT)antigenically不同。百分之八十个总数孤立被发现为易变的haemolysin由试管方法检测了的热积极，而，39%被Christie-Atkins-Munch-Petersen(营地)方法发现积极。然而，87%isolates是积极的因为紧张的haemagglutinin/protease和所有为mannose-sensitive-haemagglutinin试金是积极的。

简介：Recentinterestinmobile-basedhealthcarehasdrivensignificantdemandsonresearchingnon-contactelectrodesforelectrocardiogram(ECG)measurement.Whiletheconductivegelachievestherequirementinmakingagoodcontactbetweentheelectrodesandskin,severalproblemsappear.Agel-free,non-contactelectrodebasedoncapacitivecouplingtheorywasprovidedinthispaper,whichwasintegratedontheprintcircuitboard(PCB).TheexperimentalresultsshowedthatclearECGsignalscouldbeacquiredinthelaboratoryconditionsbycouplingtheelectrodestothechestofpatientsthroughcottonbelts.

简介：Inthecomingyearslifeexpectancyisexpectedtoincreaseandwiththisthepercentageofthepopulationaboveage65willgrow.Patientsabove65makeupmorethantwothirdsofthosecurrentlydiagnosedwithgastrointestinalmalignancies.Availableevidencebasedmedicinedoesnotfocusontheaveragepatient,abovetheage70,encounteredineverydaypractice.Mostguidelinesandclinicaltrialsarenotdesignedtotakeintoaccountthespecialconsiderationsneededwhentreatingtheelderlysuchasfunctionalstatus,comorbidities,polypharmacy,lifeexpectancy,andsocialsupport.Themajorityofavailabledataisbasedonretrospectivereviewsorsubsetanalysesoflargerstudieswheretheelderlyrepresentafractionofthestudiedpopulation.Thisreviewfocusesonthetoxicitiesandtolerabilityofcurrentstandardtherapiesfornoncolorectalgastrointestinalmalignancies,includinggastroesophageal,pancreatic,bileductandhepatocellularcancersintheelderly.Withcarefulpatientselectionandgeriatricassessmenttheelderlycansafelybenefitfromstandardtherapiesofferedtoyoungerpatients.

简介：AIMTo调查在patients.METHODSNon-DSEK在接枝拒绝率，和它的全面程序的有效性上剥去endothelialkeratoplasty(non-DSEK)的non-Descemet的影响在64个病人，和程序的结果的65只眼睛上被执行包括接枝的拒绝事件，失败和脱臼，最好改正的视觉尖酸(BCVA)，endothelial房间密度(ECD)，和另外的复杂并发症，是65看的分析retrospectively.RESULTSOf，63从bullouskeratopathywi恢复了吝啬的后续时间是26.4mo(范围，6-84mo)。吝啬的BCVA在外科以后在1y在3mo，在6mo的0.46logMAR，和0.37logMAR外科手术前地从1.70logMAR改善了到0.54logMAR。成功地经历了镜子的显微镜的检查的25个病人的手术后的施主ECD是1918<

简介：AbstractIncreasing evidence suggests that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are of vital importance for various biological processes, and dysregulation of lncRNAs is frequently associated with various diseases such as psoriasis. LncRNAs modulate gene expression at the transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and translational levels; however, the specific regulatory mechanisms of lncRNAs in psoriasis remain largely unexplored. This review provides an overview of recent studies investigating mechanisms and functions of lncRNAs in psoriasis, especially focusing on the role of lncRNAs in keratinocytes, T cells, and dendritic cells.

简介：目的：分析非手术疗法治疗腰椎间盘突出症的近期、远期疗效。方法：将165例腰椎间盘突出症患者按随机和单盲法分为牵引组、推拿组，推拿加功能锻炼组，治疗2个疗程后，评定近期疗效。然后将取得显效的102例患者按区组随机和单盲法分为功能锻炼组和对照组，随访1年观察两组复发率，并分别于治疗后6和12个月进行腰椎功能评定。结果：推拿组和推拿加功能锻炼组较牵引组近期疗效显效率差异有显著性(x^2=8．359，P<0．01)。功能锻炼组1年内的复发率明显低于对照组(x^=12．631，P<0．01)。结论：推拿加功能锻炼是防治腰椎间盘突出症的有效方法。

简介：客观：调查成年钝脾的损害的非起作用的管理的指示。方法：回顾的评论在所有成年病人(年龄>15年)上被执行，钝脾的损害从1999～2003在法国承认了到Pellegrinhospital的脉管的外科的部门。我们不管年龄在所有适当病人non-operatively管理了脾的损害。结果：在4年期间，有钝脾的损害的54个连续成年病人在医院里被对待。有稳定的血液动力学的地位的27个病人的一个总数起初non-operatively被对待，哪个2个病人被辜负到non-operativetreatment。非起作用的管理的成功的百分比是92.6%。在54个病人，比55年老的7个of8病人与非起作用的管理被对待。二个案例developingpostoperatively代替膈的感染被合适的治疗愈合。在系列，没有死亡。结论：低档的非起作用的管理脾的损害能与可接受的低失败的率被完成。如果临床并且对外科医生到困难的实验室参数作决定，他们能取决于Resciniti“获得系统与脾的损伤选择成年人的一个子集的sCT(计算断层摄影术)是non-operativemanagement的试用的优秀候选人。比55年老的病人绝对没被禁止收到non-operativemanagement。

简介：Objective:Toestablishagoodrecoverableratmodelofcardiopulmonarybypass(CPB)tolaythefoundationforstudyingthepathophysiologyofCPB.Methods:TwentyadultmaleSprague-Dawleyratsweighing480g±20gwererandomlydividedintoCPBgroup(n=10)andShamgroup(n=10).Allratswereanaesthetized,intubatedandventilated.Thecarotidarteryandjugularveinwerecannulated.Thebloodwasdrainedfromtherightatriumviatherightjugularveinandfurthertransferredbyaminiaturizedrollerpumptoahollowfiberoxgenatorandbacktotheratviatheleftcarotidartery.Primingconsistedof8mlofhomologousbloodand6mlofcolloid.Thesurfaceofthehollowfiberoxgenatorwas0.075m~2.Ratswerecatheterizedandbroughtinbypassfor120minataflowrateof100-120ml/kg/min.Oxygenflow/perfusionflowwas0.8to1.0,themeanarterialpressure(MAP)keptin60-80mmHg.Bloodgasanalysis,lactatedehydrogenase(LDH),andsurvivalratewereexaminedsubsequently.Resnits:AllCPBratsrecoveredfromtheoperativeprocesswithoutincidentandremaineduneventfulwithinoneweek.Normalcardiacfunctionaftersuccessfulweaningwasconfirmedbyelectrocardiographyandbloodpressuremeasurements.MAPremainedstable.Theresultsofbloodgasanalysisatdifferenttimepointswerewithinanormalrange.NosignificanthaemolysiscouldbedetectedinthegiventimeframeunderbypassconditionbyusingLDH.Conclusions:TheratmodelofCPBcanprincipallysimulatetheclinicalsettingofhumanCPB.Thenon-transthoracicmodeliseasytoestablishandisassociatedwithexcellentrecovery.ThiswellreproduciblemodelmayopenthefieldforvariousstudiesonpathophysiologicalprocessofCPBandalsoofsystemicischemia-reperfusioninjuryinvivo.

简介：AIM:Toexaminetheintegrityoftheocularsurfacesofsubjectswithandwithoutdiabeteswithnoconjunctivalanddryeyesignsandsymptomsandcompareconjunctivalimpressioncytologyfindingsindiabeticswithnon-proliferativeandproliferativediabeticretinopathy.METHODS:Conjunctivalimpressioncytologywasperformedon43eyesof43subjectswithnonproliferativediabeticretinopathy(NPDR),42eyesof42subjectswithproliferativediabeticretinopathy(PDR),and30eyesof30controlsubjects.Impressioncytologyspecimensofeachgroupweregradedandscoredintherange0-3accordingtoNelson’smethod.RESULTS:Therewere45(52.9%)womenand40(47.1%)men.Themeanageofthepatientswas59.6±9.3y(range,43-76y)inNPDRgroupand58.0±8.8y(range,41-85y)inPDRgroup.CaseswithNPDRandPDRshowedstatisticallysignificanthigherimpressioncytologyscoresthancontrolgroup(P<0.05).TherewasnodifferencebetweentheNPDRandPDRpatientsforimpressioncytologygradingscores.CONCLUSION:ItisdeterminedthatimpressioncytologygradesarealteredinpatientswithNPDRandPDR.Consequently,wesuggestthattheremightbeanassociationbetweentheimpressioncytologygradingscoresandtheseverityofdiabeticretinopathy

简介：AbstractThe philosophy of abdominal injury management is currently changing from mandatory exploration to selective non-operative management (NOM). The patient with hemodynamic stability and absence of peritonitis should be managed non-operatively. NOM has an overall success rate of 80%—90%. It also can reduce the rate of non-therapeutic abdominal exploration, preserve organ function, and has been defined as the safest choice in experienced centers. However, NOM carries a risk of missed injury such as hollow organ injury, diaphragm injury, and delayed hemorrhage. Adjunct therapies such as angiography with embolization, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography with stenting, and percutaneous drainage could increase the chances of successful NOM. This article aims to describe the evolution of NOM and define its place in specific abdominal solid organ injury for the practitioner who faces this problem.

简介：AbstractEndometriosis (EM) is a benign gynecological disease that affects the fertility and health of women of reproductive age; it is characterized by the presence of endometrial glands and stroma outside the uterine cavity. Although several hypotheses have been proposed to explain the underlying cause of EM, its pathogenesis remains obscure. Recently, non-coding RNAs were reported to be involved in the occurrence and development of EM. MicroRNAs and long non-coding RNAs are the main members of the non-coding RNA family that contribute to EM progression in various aspects, such as cell proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, and angiogenesis. Angiogenesis plays a pivotal role in the initiation and development of EM and provides a substantial background for the invasion, proliferation, and long-term growth of endometriotic implants. This review aimed to investigate the role of microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs in regulating angiogenesis in EM and discuss how this mechanism can be used for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes in EM.