简介：TheundecapeptidesubstanceP(SP)wasshowntobeintimatelyinvolvedinboththestructuralandfunctionalaspectsoftheanteriorpituitary.Yet,inadditiontoitsinfluencesonhormonalsecretion,SPmaywellpossessmoreactionsinthismastergland.ThepresentstudywasfthereforeaimedtoinvestigatetheeffectofSPontheproliferationofratanteriorpituitarycellsinprimaryculture,ItwasfoundthatSPcoulddose-dependentlyincreasetheincorporationoftritiatedthymidine(3H-TdR)intoculturedanteriorpituitarycells.OthermammaliantachykininssuchasneurokininAandneurokininBhadsimilareffectbuttovaryingdegrees.TheequipotentanalogueofSP,Norleucine^11-SP(Nle^11-SP),alsoactedlikewise.withitsactionantagonizablebyspantide,aSPreceptorblocker.TofurthercharacterizethenatureofcellsresponsivetothechallengeofSP,immunocytochemicalstainingagainstS-100proteinandsomeadenohypophysealhormoneswasperformedaloneorplusautoradiography.TheresultsshowedthatthepercentageofS-100proteinimmunorectivecellswasapparentlyelevatedbytheaddtionofNle^11-Spfor48h,whichindicatesapreferentialproliferationoffolliculo-stellatecellsundertheregime.ThiswasconfirmedbyincreasesinimmunocytochemicalorautoradiographicallabellingindicesofanteriorpituitarySubstancePandanteriorpituitarycellproliferation.Cellstreatedsimilarly.Takentogether,TheseresultsrevealthatthetrophicactionofSPobservedpreviouslyinothertissuesisalsopresentatleastinculturedratanteriorpituitarycells.withrespondingcellsbeingpredominantlyfolliculo-stellatecellsastypifiedbyS-100proteinimmunoreactivity.Therefore,anintra-pituitarytrophicactionofSPinvivocouldbeanticipated.

简介：微生物引起的共生者是到喂韧皮部的昆虫的必要或重要的搭挡。抗菌素被用来有选择地从他们的主机昆虫消除共生者并且为调查共生者的函数建立主机线与或没有某些共生者。在这研究，用抗菌素rifampicin，我们试图有选择地Bemisiatabaci种类建筑群whitefly从中间的东亚未成年者1的一张人口消除某些共生者，它怀有主要共生者“CandidatusPortieraaleyrodidarum”并且二第二等的共生者“CandidatusHamiltonelladefensa”并且立克次休属微生物。既不主要第二等的共生者也完全没在在在1-100μg/mL的集中与rifampicin对待的节食为48h喂了的成年人(F0)被弄空。然而，两个都，主要、第二等的共生者将近完全在对待rifampicin的成年人的后代(F1)被弄空。尽管F1成年人生产了一些鸡蛋(F2)，大多数没有通过到他们的开口和没有的鸡蛋到达了第二中间形态，并且因而对待rifampicinwhitefly，殖民地消失在F2产生。有趣地，量的聚合酶链反应试金证明在对待rifampicin的whiteflies，主要共生者的密度比第二等的共生者以显然更慢的步被减少。当女性被抗菌素对待时，交配在对待rifampicin、未经治疗的成年人之间的实验证明主人健康上的rifampicin的否定效果被表示，并且男性们是否被抗菌素对待，有小贡献到否定效果。这些观察whitefly与这显示那它不是的人口可行为试验性的研究排队没有影响主要共生者，有选择地用rifampicin消除第二等的共生者并且建立主人。然而，扑灭whitefly，在在rifampicin处理以后的第二代的殖民地作为一个控制代理人显示抗菌素的潜力whitefly害虫。

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简介：在与有一致基因背景的植物的一个玉米领域里的黄麴毒素污染的关系的昆虫损坏的空间、时间的模式很好没被理解。在昆虫损坏和黄麴毒素在的空间模式的以前的考试以后预先收获玉米地，我们进一步与二采样检验了喂圆块、喂核的昆虫损坏，和黄麴毒素水平的空间、时间的模式在在2008和2009预先收获。由每ear/kernel-feeding昆虫的喂的损坏(即，丝绸/圆块上的玉米一种有害幼虫/秋天粟蚕损坏，和玉米核由的褪色坏透臭虫)并且玉米象鼻虫人口用五只耳朵在每个格子点被估计。采样数据在两年里处于昆虫损坏和黄麴毒素污染显示出域边效果。玉米象鼻虫比任何一个玉米一种有害幼虫更经常向聚集的分布趋于或坏透两年里的臭虫损坏。为黄麴毒素水平检测聚集的分发的频率是昆虫损坏评价的不到任何东西。坏透臭虫损坏和玉米象鼻虫数字更仔细比是玉米一种有害幼虫的与黄麴毒素水平被联系损坏。另外，空间时间的协会(χ)的索引证明玉米象鼻虫的数字被联系在之间第一(4个星期预先收获)并且秒(1个星期预先收获)所有地上的两年里的采样。相反，在来自Belflower农场上的地的第一和第二采样之间的玉米一种有害幼虫损坏，和黄麴毒素水平和玉米一种有害幼虫在Lang农场上从这块地损坏在2009被分裂。

简介：Themechanismsofmagnetoreceptionhavebeenproposedasthemagnetitebased,thechemicalradical-pairandbiocompassmodel,inwhichmagnetiteparticles,thecryptochrome(Cry)oriron-sulfurclusterassembly1(IscA1)maybeinvolved.However,littleisknownabouttheassociationamongthemolecules.HereweinvestigatedthemolecularcharacterizationandthemRNAexpressionofIscA1indifferentdevelopmentalstages,tissuesandmagneticfieldsinthemigratorybrownplanthopper(BPH),Nilaparvatalugens.NlIscA1containsanopenreadingframeof390bp,encodingaminoacidsof129,withthepredictedmolecularweightof14.0kDaandtheisoelectricpointof9.10.Well-conservedFe-Sclusterbindingsiteswereobservedinthepredictedprotein.PhylogeneticanalysisdemonstratedNlIscA1tobeclusteredintotheinsect'sIscA1.NlIscA1showedup-regulatedmRNAexpressionduringtheperiodofmigration.ThemRNAexpressionofNlIscA1couldbedetectedinallthethreetissuesofhead,thoraxandabdomen,withthehighestexpressionlevelintheabdomen.ForthemacropterousmigratoryNilaparvatalugens,mRNAexpressionofNlIscA1andN.lugenscryptochromel(Nlcry1)wereup-regulatedunderthemagneticfieldsof5Gaussand10Gaussinstrength(vs.localgeomagneticfield),whileN.lugenscryptochrome2(Nlcry2)remainedstable.Forthebrachyterousnon-migratoryNilaparvatalugens,nosignificantchangeswerefoundinmRNAexpressionofNlIscA1,Nlcry1andNlcry2amongdifferentmagneticfields.ThesefindingspreliminarilyrevealthattheexpressionofNlIscA1andNlcry1exhibitedcoordinatedresponsestothemagneticfield.Itsuggestssomepotentialassociationsamongtheputativemagneto-sensitivemoleculesofcryptochromeandiron-sulfurclusterassembly.