简介:在幼儿园工作了10多年,经常碰到家长这样的困惑:“明明是孩子自己打坏或者弄坏的东西,却不承认或者推给别人甚至小动物。”有些家长还会使用一些方式“逼供”,如果孩子没有吐露实情,家长的反应就会更加激烈,仿佛自己的孩子是个骗子。据我的观察,这些家长通常对孩子的要求比较严格,对孩子犯的小错误缺乏必要的宽容和体谅。这种家长经常采用“单边主义”,没有倾听孩子想法的习惯,没有理解孩子感受的同理心。孩子偶尔犯错,甚至很多是无心之失的时候,轻则受到父母的批评和责怪,重则会招致体罚。趋利避害本是孩子在紧张和压抑状态下的本能反应,“说谎”也就作为一种逃避负面评价和责罚的手段而产生。
简介:Inductivelycoupledplasmamassspectrometry,inductivelycoupledplasmaopticalemissionspectroscopy,hydridegeneration-atomicfluorescencespectrometry,emissionspectrometry,Xfluorescencespectrometry,andX-raydiffractionwereemployedtostudythegeochemistryandmineralogyofcoalganguesfromNos.2,3,and8coalseamsoftheDu’erpingcoalmine,Xishancoalfield,Taiyuan,ShanxiProvince.Thestudyrevealedthatcomparedwiththesedimentarycover,uppercontinentcrust,Carboniferous-PermiancoalfromNorthChina,aswellasmostcoalinChina,coalganguesfromNos.2and3coalseamsarerichinLi,Be,Sc,Cr,Cu,Ga,Ba,Th,Nb,Cd,Pb,Taandrare-earthelements,andcoalganguesfromNo.8coalseamarerichinLi,Sc,V,Cr,Ga,U,andrare-earthelements.ComparedwiththeCarboniferous-PermiancoalfromNorthChinaandmostcoalinChina,coalganguesfromNos.2,3and8seamsarerichinRb,V,CsandSr.Therefore,TheDu’erpingcoalganguesintheXishancoalfieldarerichinmosthazardoustraceelementsandrare-earthelements,whereinthecontentsofGaandLireachtheindustrialgradeandhavesignificanceforindustrialutilization.Onthewhole,coalganguesoftheShanxiFormationfromthePermianarerichinmoretraceelementsthanthoseoftheCarboniferousTaiyuanFormation.ThedistributionsofREEshowobviouslydippingrightwardswithnegativeEuanomalies.Thecontentsofrare-earthelementsinthethreeseamsarequitedifferent.Alloftheaboveindicatethatthesourceoftherare-earthelementsisterrigenousdebris.MineralsinNo.2seamidentifiedbyX-raydiffractionmainlyincludequartz,kaolinite,inadditiontocalcite,pyrite,apatite,epidote,andepsomite.No.3seammainlycontainsquartz,kaolinite,inadditiontoasmallamountofsodiumfeldspar,calciumnitrate,ironore,gypsum,andvivianite.No.8seammainlycontainskaolinite,dickite,quartz,illite,andasmallamountofhematiteandU.Thecorrelationsbetweenmajorelementsandtraceel
简介:目的探讨尿白蛋白肌酐比值(UACR)和胱抑素C(CysC)水平与冠状动脉病变积分(CAS)的关系.方法共入选173例冠心病(CHD)患者,均行冠状动脉造影并计算CAS,同时选取健康成人60名为对照组.检查入选对象血压、血糖、血脂、血清糖化血红蛋白、UACR及CysC水平,比较两组UACR和CysC与冠状动脉病变的相关性.结果冠心病组的UACR和CysC明显高于对照组.冠心病组中双支病变组患者UACR和CysC明显高于单支病变组(P<0.01),而多支病变组患者UACR和CysC显著高于双支病变组(P<0.01).UACR和CysC与ACS积分呈明显的正相关(r分别为0.651,0.649,P均<0.01),冠状动脉狭窄支数越多,UACR和CysC水平越高.结论UACR和CysC与冠状动脉积分呈明显的正相关,且随冠状动脉狭窄病变支数的增加呈相应增高趋势,可初步预测冠状动脉狭窄程度.