简介：JustasFranceandGermanytookanincreasinglydivergentstandwiththeUnitedStatesovertheIraqissue,onJanuary3rd,2003,eightcountriesincludingBritain,Italy,Spain,Portugal,Denmark,Poland,CzechRepublicandHungarymadeajointstatementintheBritishTimes,appealingtoEuropetoactinconcertwithU.S.overtheissueofusingforceagainstIraq.Thisstatementhaditthatitwas

简介：一种技术把重叠频率时间分割称为multiplexing(OVFTDM))在这篇文章被建议。这种技术从Nyquist系统和频率时间部门multiplexing系统被导出。没有orthogonality，信号是什么时候，简洁地及时重叠了领域，，当没有orthogonality，信号简洁地在频率领域被重叠时，这种技术被称为重叠时间部门multiplexing(OVTDM)，这种技术被称为重叠频率部门multiplexing(OVFDM)。进一步改善光谱效率，在哪个发信号的OVFTDM在频率领域两个都被重叠，及时，域被探索。OVFTDM不取决于无论什么的orthogonality及时域或在象Nyquist系统或OFDM系统一样的频率领域，但是在在信号之中的convolutional限制关系上。因此，不是仅仅光谱效率而且可靠性被改进。模拟验证这个理论的有效性。

简介：ThecontinentofChinaisgroupedintoPan-Cathaysianblocks,LaurasiaandGondwanaContinentalmarginsandrelicsofthreeoceans-Paleoasian,Tethys,andPacificasawhole.Indetail,thecontinentofChinagrewupbycoalescenceofthreeblocksorplatforms(NorthChina,TarimandYangtze)andeightorogenicbelts(Altay-InnerMongolia-Daxinganling,Tianshan-Junggar-Beishan,Qinling-Qilian-Kunlun,Qiangtang-Sanjiang,Gangdise,Himalaya,Cathaysia,EasternTaiwan)duringtheprocessesofoceaniccrustdisappearanceandacceretionary-collisionofcontinentalcrusts.Intheorogenicbelts,sixconvergentcrustalconsumptionzones(Ertix-XarMoron,SouthTianshan,Kuanping-Foziling,Bangongco-Shuanghu-Nujiang-Changning-Menglian,Yarlung-Tsangpo,Jiangshao-Chenzhou-Qinfang)havebeendistinguished.Correspondingly,thestrataofthecontinentofChinaaresubdividedinto17tectonicstratasuperregions,whichtectonicallybelongtothreeblocksorplatforms,sixconvergentcrustalconsumptionzonesandeightorogenicseries,respectively.Thisdivisionisbasedmainlyondifferencesoftectonicenvironmentandtectonicevolutionamongblocks,zonesandbelts,includingthetimingofwhentheoceaniccruststransferredintocontinentalcrusts,thepaleobiogeographicfeatures,andthetypesofstrata.

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简介：Peal[2]showsthatasufficientandnecessaryconditionontheexistenceoftheMoore-Penroseinverseoveranyfields.Zhuang[3]generalizetheresulttoanydivisionrings.InthissectionwegiveanothersufficientandnecessaryconditionontheexistenceoftheMoore-Penroseinverseoveranydivisionrings.Ourresultcanberegardedasanim-provementofTheoremlin[1].Asamediumresult,wealsoshowacharacterizationofthe{1,2}-inverse.

简介：Progressesintheresearchforseasondivisionandseasonalchangesarereviewedsystematicallyinthispaper,whichparticularlyintroducestheresultsofanationalnaturalsciencefoundationproject,'thenonlinearidentificationofseasonalchangesanditsresponsestoglobalwarming'.Theprojectdevelopedtwoobjectiveandquantitativemethodsforseasondivision:thenon-linearsimilaritymeasure(NSM)methodandtheregionalmulti-elementoptimaldissection(RMOD)method,whichdifferfromtraditionalonesforseasondivision.Besides,theprojectfurtherinvestigatedseasonalchangesandtheirresponsestoglobalwarming,analyzedevolutioncharacteristicsofthestartingdateandlengthofseasonsinhistory,revealedtheirrelationshipswithextremeeventsandprecipitationpatternsinrainyseasons,andtherebybuiltaresearchsystemforseasonalchangesinChinaundertheglobalwarmingbackground.Finally,theauthorsmakeanoutlookontheresearchforseasondivisionandseasonalchangesandputforwardseveralissuesassociatedwithseasonandclimatechangesthatneedtobefurtherexplored.

简介：Toimproveframesynchronizationprecision,aschemenamedtrainingsymbolcorrelation(TSC)ispresentedfororthogonalfrequencydivisionmultiplexing(OFDM)system.BasedonthesolutionfromSchmidlandCox,atimingmetricrelatedtoTSCschemeisputforwardandexamined.Thespecificmethodtoselectathresholdvalueprovidesmoreprecisedetectionresults,whichcanbeshownbyperformancecomparisonbetweenthetwoschemesthroughMonteCarlosimulation.TakingIEEE802.11aWLANstandardasanexample,theproposedapproachissuperiortothemostpopularSchmidlschemeintermsofBER.

简介：这份报纸学习在一个耐心的照顾过程的每个阶段以内定义医疗服务活动的一条临床的小径的设计。优先的研究开发了考虑发生在照顾进程的服务的轨道的临床的进程模型，由使用进程执行日志上的数据采矿技术。提供临床的小径设计的一个更有效的方法的一条新奇途径在这篇论文被介绍。基于TEI@I方法论的策略，建议途径集成统计方法，优化技术和数据采矿。与preprocessed数据，一个复杂照顾过程随后被划分成每个阶段的几个医药阶段，然后模式被识别，并且因此，一条临床的小径被开发。最后，建议方法被用于真实世界，用从在北京的一所医院导出的档案的数据，包含各种各样的部门的大约三疾病，与为每疾病的300件样品的一般水准。realworld应用程序的结果证明建议方法罐头自动地并且高效地便于临床的小径设计。对在这份报纸的域的主要贡献包括(a)在保健领域的TEI@I方法论的一个新应用程序，(b)为复杂进程分析的一个新奇方法，(c)在真实世界上的自动临床的小径设计的有形的证据。

简介：Thedisequilibriumoftheopticalpoweramongdifferentchannelsisanalyzedforthedensewavelengthdivisionmultiplexingopticalcommunicationsystems.Andthenewtechnologiesanddevicesforopticalamplifying,filtering,adding/dropping,etc,havebeenreviewed,whichcanbeusedtoequalizedynamicallytheopticalpowerinopticalnetworks.

简介：ThisReviewfocusesonopticaltransmissionfibersandthehigh-capacitysystemsoperatingthereon.Itattemptstocombinekeylessonslearnedfromthe50-yearhistoryoflow-lossopticalfiberswithviewsonfuturefiberandsystemsrequirements,discussinglikelyevolutionpathsandpotentialpitfallsinresolvingtheopticalnetworkcapacitycrunch.

简介：A16-channeldualtuningwavelengthdivisionmultiplexer/demultiplexerbasedonsilicononinsulatorplatformisdemonstrated,whichisbothpeakwavelengthtunableandoutputopticalpowertunable.Thewavelengthdivisionmultiplexer/demultiplexerconsistsofanarrayedwaveguidegratingforwavelengthdivisionmultiplexing/demultiplexing,aheaterforpeakwavelengthtuningandavariableopticalattenuatorbasedonp–i–ncarrier-injectionstructureforopticalpowertuning.Theexperimentalresultsshowthattheinsertionlossonchipofthedeviceis3.7dB–5.7dBandthecrosstalkis7.5dB–9dB.Forthetunabilityofthepeakwavelength,1.058-nmwavelengthtunabilityisachievedwith271.2-mWpowerconsumption,andtheaveragemodulationefficiencyis3.9244nm/W;forthetunabilityoftheopticalpower,theopticalpowerequalizationisachievedinall16channels,20-dBattenuationisachievedwith144.07-mWpowerconsumption,andtheraise/falltimeofVOAis35ns/42ns.

简介：Background:Monitoringthechangingpatternofvegetationacrossdiverselandscapesthroughremotesensingisinstrumentalinunderstandingtheinteractionsofhumanactivitiesandtheecologicalenvironment.LandusepatterninthestateofHimachalPradeshintheIndianWesternHimalayashasbeenundergoingrapidmodificationsduetochangingcroppingpatterns,risinganthropogenicpressureonforestsandgovernmentpolicies.WestudiedlandusechangeinSolanForestDivisionofHimachalPradeshtoassessspecieswiseareachangesintheforestsoftheregion.Methods:Thesupervisedclassification(Maximumlikelihood)ontwodatesofIRS(LISSIII)satellitedatawasperformedtoassesslandusechangeovertheperiod1998–2010.Results:Sevenlandusecategorieswereidentifiednamely,chirpine(Pinusroxburghii)forest,broadleavedforest,bamboo(Dendrocalamusstrictus)forest,banoak(Quercusleucotrichophora)forest,khair(Acaciacatechu)forest,culturableblankandcultivation.Theareaunderchirpine,cultivationandkhairforestsincreasedby191ha(4.55%),129ha(13.81%)and77ha(23.40%),whereastheareaunderbanoak,broadleaved,culturableblankandbamboodecreasedby181ha(16.58%),152ha(6.30%),71ha(2.72%)and7ha(0.47%),respectively.Conclusions:Thestudyrevealedadecreaseintheareaunderforestandculturableblankcategoriesandasimultaneousincreaseintheareaundercultivationprimarilyduetothelargescaleintroductionofhorticulturalcashcropsinthestate.Thecompositionofforestsalsoexhibitedsomemajorchanges,withanincreaseintheareaofcommerciallyimportantmonocultureplantationspeciessuchaspineandkhair,andadeclineintheareaofoak,broadleavedandbamboowhicharefacingahighanthropogenicpressureinmeetingthelivelihooddemandsofforestdependentcommunities.Intimedeforestation,forestdegradationandecologicalimbalancesduetothechangingforestspeciescompositionmayinflictirreversibledamagesuponunstableandfragilemountainzonessuchastheIndianH

简介：ThispaperproposestouseFastFourierTransform(FFT)/InverseFastFourierTransform(IFFT),insteadofvector-matrixmultiplication,toimplementthespreading/despreadinginCarrier-InterferometryOrthogonalFrequencyDivisionMultiplexing(CI/OFDM)andPseudo-OrthogonalCarrier-InterferometryOFDM(PO-CI/OFDM).ThatcanimprovethesignalprocessingefficiencyofCI/OFDMandPO-CI/OFDMsystemsbyabout2N/log2Nand2N/(1+log2N)timesrespectivelyanddosenotmakeanydifferencetothesystemfunctionandperformance.Moreover,theefficiencybenefitswillincreasewiththeincreaseofthenumberofsub-carriers.Inadditiontothat,wepointoutthatthetransmitterofCI/OFDMisactuallytechnicallyequivalenttothatofasingle-carriersystemwithcyclic-prefixandthereceiverofCI/OFDMisatypicalOFDMreceiverwithCIdespreading.HencethelowPeak-to-AveragePowerRatio(PAPR)propertyandhighanti-fadingperformanceofCI/OFDMsystemcanbewellexplained.

简介：Aftercxperiencingaseriesofgeoteetonicdevelopmentstagesofpregeosyncline,geosynclineandplatformctc’,thisarcaturncdintoadiwarcgioninMcsozoicandCenozoicera-ItmaybedividedintotwogcodomesyStemsofJiangnan,GanyUeandthrcegeodepressionsyStcmsofXianggui,QianguiMinchcandfourcorrespondinguraniummcta1logenicbelts

简介：ＭｏｒｐｈｏｇｅｎｅｔｉｃｓｔｕｄｉｅｓｏｎＵｒｏｎｙｃｈｉａｕｎｃｉｎａｔａ（Ｐｒｏｔｏｚｏａ，Ｃｉｌｉｏｐｈｏｒａ）ｄｕｒｉｎｇｉｔｓａｓｅｘｕａｌｄｉｖｉｓｉｏｎ￥ＳｏｎｇＷｅｉｂｏ（ＲｅｃｅｉｖｅｄＡｕｇｕｓｔ２８，１９９５；ａｃｃｅｐｔｅｄ...

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简介：Opticaltimedivisonmultiplexing(OTDM)isoneofthepromisinigwaysforthefuturehigh-speedopticalfibercommunicationnetworks.All-opticalswitchis,beingoneofthecoretechnologiesofOTDMsystemsandnetorks,crucialtorealizethevaroussignalprocessesincludingtime-divisiondemultiplexing,packerswitching,all-opticalregeneratingandsoon.Thisthesismainlystudiesvariousall-opticalswitchtechnologiesandtheirutilizationinthefieldsofall-opticalsignalprocessingsintheOTDMsystemsandnetworks.Themainjobsarelistedasfollows.(1)Anovelall-opticalultrafastdemultiplexingschemeusingthesolitonself-trappingeffectinbirefringentfiberisproposed.(2)ThedemultiplexingperformanceoftheNonlinearOPticalLoopMirror(NOLM)isthoroughlyanalyzedanditsoptimizationisfurtherdiscussed.(3)Theperformanceanalysisandtheconfigurationoptimizationoftheall-opticalswitchesbasedontheSemiconductorOpticalAmplifier(SOA)aresystematicallypresented.Thespeedlimitationoftheall-opticalSOAswitchesinducedbythefastgaindepletionofSOAisdiscussed,Besides,anovelSOAswitchisproposed,whichadoptstheasymmetricMach-ZehnderInterferomerterconfiguration.(4)The8×2.5Gb/sOTDMexperimentaltransmissionsystemalong105kmstandardfiberisrealizedusingtheNOLMdemultiplexer.(5)TheNOLMswitchisusedtorealizetheall-optical3Rregenerationof2.5G/sReturn-to-Zerosignal.(6)ThefeasibilityandlimitationoftheallopticalSOApacketswitchisdiscussed.AndadevelopedMZIconfigurationofSOApacketswitchisfurthershowntoimprovethepackerswitchingperformance.Finally,anall-opticalpacketdroppingnodesuitableinthenetworkswithringorbusconfingurationandanall-opticalpacketswithcingnodeintheShuffleNetnetworksareproposedtoshowthefeasibilityofall-opticalpacketswitchingthroughcombiningtheall-opticalswitchesandthereasonablelogicdecisions.

简介：这篇文章考虑由与利用一个单个一半双的继电器的相应目的地交流的多重来源组成的一个无线网络，而，来源机会主义地使用继电器。由与有效电容的概念集成信息理论，这篇文章在瞄准最大化继电器网络产量的无线继电器网络上建议动态时间分配策略，题目到服务(QoS)的给定的延期质量限制，在哪儿预定分割多重存取(TDMA)在继电器网络被使用。模拟结果证明建议分配策略罐头显著地作为与传统的相等的时间分配策略相比改进有效能力。

简介：叶绿体是从endosymbioticcyanobacteria演变的植物特定的细胞器。他们通过二进制分裂划分。叶绿体部门地点的选择为对称的叶绿体部门是枢轴的。在E。coli，在房间的中点部门地点放被Min系统的动态摆动调整，它包括MinC，头脑和矿。在植物的头脑和矿的相当或相同的事物涉及叶绿体分割。MinC的相当或相同的事物仍然没在更高的植物被识别。然而，象FtsZ一样蛋白质，ARC3，被发现地点放涉及叶绿体分割。这里，我们报导放1的那个叶绿体部门地点(AtCDP1)是在Arabidopsis涉及叶绿体部门地点放置的新奇叶绿体部门蛋白质。AtCDP1被与房间部门显型为殖民地在细菌屏蔽一个ArabidopsiscDNA表示图书馆发现。AtCDP1只在Arabidopsis在年轻绿纸巾被表示。有多重部门地点的伸长的叶绿体在loss-of-functioncdp1异种被观察。AtCDP1的Overexpression也引起了一个叶绿体部门显型。蛋白质相互作用试金建议AtCDP1可以调停通过和ARC3的相互作用放的叶绿体部门地点。总的来说，我们的结果显示AtCDP1是放系统，和这个系统的工作机制的叶绿体部门地点的一个新奇部件与在原核生物的房间的传统的MinCDE系统的不同。